heavily encrypted cloud based messaging out telegram to coordinate rallies and bluetooth based apple air drop issues to anonymously pass on information including protests street maps address field is a senior fellow at the university of nottingham research and stick to he says protesters in hong kong are using novel ways to evade monitoring and capture in the 21st century political activists who need to be quite skillful. so online they basically need to outsmart their oppressors by. mustering very sophisticated communication technology to avoid state surveillance and this is of course on display in hong kong. and you mentioned telegram these kind of apps have been very useful but they've also used what are termed peer to peer mesh networking apps like fire chat where users can use bluetooth or you know short range why 5 radios to connect with one another and therefore become less reliant on the internet which of course can also be switched off by any given state but offline they basically have to outrun the police. quite literally for example yesterday in one child they were in a situation w