the bridge is highbridge, going from farmville to appomattox. it crossed the appomattox river. this photograph was taken in august of 1865, when they were doing final repairs to the bridge after the war. we are going into the gallery. i will show you some of the items we have. some of them were specific to appomattox. our collection is very broad very deep. we have a lot of interesting things to share with you as well. this sort is one of our -- sword is one of our outstanding pieces. it is generally's dress sword given to him by a marylander. that is all we know about it. he wore it in dress appearances ended the day he surrender to general grant. he did not know what was going to happen to him personally that day. he knew he was surrendering his army but did not know what was going to happen to him. the sword has a myth that comes with it. not too long after the surrender, writers started saying things that lee offered his sword, grant refused it. those were strictly myths. both grant and lee tried to dispel those rumors when they started cropping up, that lee never surrender

appomattox courthouse, early 1865, before war came, appomattox court house looked otica. not unlike hundreds of other communities across america. the tavern served travelers on serve the richmond to lynchburg stage road as it had for decades.ds francis meeks ran a common general store across the lawn from the tavern right behind you. he also served, he did, as the village's postmaster and pharmacist. one thing rendered appomattox different than many villages. t it was the county seat. it's an undeniable curiosity cu that when in 1845, the virginia 45, legislature created appomattox county and designated the county seat at this village then called clover hill. it's an undeniable curiosity that local leaders decided to the build the jail before they built the courthouse. once the courthouse opened in 1846, appomattox commenced a distinct rhythm that persisted for decades.cades. monthly court days brought life monthl to this community once a month as citizens gathered from acrossacro the county to conduct business run f to run for office, to sell or goods, to sell slaves. to

appomattox. a couple points i do want to make our the appomattox campaign, for all participants, union and confederate, is going to be pretty grueling. as the army's move from richmond to petersburg in the wet as they are going to be marching and fighting every day. it will be five days covering 100 miles. the weather was wet. it was cool, our perl -- early april. think about the state of the roads, inc. about the state of the army is, especially the confederate army, which has been pretty ecstatic. all the sudden the artillery as to be pulled out, getting them out of the earthworks and putting them on the road. keeping the army moving, keeping it together, and as you all know, things can unravel along the way. one confederate soldier wrote day and night blended together. it was constant. there were skirmishes in the final days of the campaign. another confederate soldier said it was constant marching. they talk a lot about hard marches on long days with bad roads. you can see that they covered a

appomattox and made it to lynchburg. one of the city parks and lynchburg is this monument. one of the local calvary units mustered in in 1861 on the fairgrounds and arrived back 4 years later to dispense on the same spot. -- do disband on the same spot. almost 4 years to the day. it's a neat monument. once they learned about what happened at appomattox, they disband. there are other isolated units in the shenandoah valley in southwest virginia. they go to the nearest union commander and surrender or they will just disband and go home. some go back to appomattox to get parole passes. they want that piece of paper. there's no one particular route that they take. audience member: why did the majority of the indian tribes sign with the confederacy? mr. dunkerly: look at their history. they has been removed, the trail of tears. the u.s. government and u.s. military is their traditional enemy. they're anxious to ally themselves with the enemy of the u.s. hoping they can gain more independence. it just seems natural. of course,

it is the 150th anniversary of the surrender at appomattox. we are at the appomattox court house national historical park we will talk to the man u may have seen just a few moments ago, david blight, the author of a number of books -- including race and union in the civil war. we are going to obviously give you a chance to join the conversation and offer your comments -- here's how to do that -- if you are in the eastern or central time zones, the numbers 202 -- 798 -- 8900. host: you have written about the end of appomattox as being the beginning of a new calendar of time for freed slaves. what does that mean to them? >> there were actually some african-american leaders in the wake of the civil war that even suggested 1865 is the beginning of a new calendar. they did not literally invent a new calendar, but it meant that life had begun a new. that a new history had begun. in some cases, actually, they viewed it in biblical terms. that somehow god in the old testament tradition had answered history and torn up jerusalem torn up peoples governm

. >> we're joined by thomas jessee and curt fields here at appomattox appomattox.we're taging your calls here on american history e tv. joe in new york, you're on the air. >> caller: yes, i have a neral question for general grant.ppeare at thed surrender ceremony in the n mclean house onow april 9th general lee appeared in an immaculate uniform as he appeared to be wearing right now, because he thought he would be arrested and charged with the crime ofco treason? thank you very much. >> that did come up after the war and i communicated with general grant pointing out that i had a parole. i made sure i had one. i had gone home and i did not o raise arms. politically there washast aed call to have me arrested and tried for treason. i wanted to settle the matter and i communicated with general grant and the matter died. had >> were you concerned at all that you in terms of the settlement, hadn't had a chance to speak to confederate president jefferson davis? >> i had communicated with him. i don't know if he received any of any communications.ion you can understand th

we want appomattox to stop us, make us solemn, and this place oadway does. i noticed all of us lining the roadway here during the stackingwe a of llarms, and we all go stone silent.ng of just as bruce said in the stone in the ending of the great book, he said, appomattox became the ements fight thousands of a soldiers with their weapons and cases on it became a place of enormous silence. that's what we want the civil war to be. we want it to be done with.s but those of us with an eye open and those of us aware of our political debate if we sat with the people from 1865 who might join us today, watch the , we television debate with us about something. we might be having to explain something to them.g all whyof are we having deals about have muc federalism? now. i don't have much time left. but what i want to leave you with is basically this. jameis baldwin, one of my favorite writers, the great ovelist, essayist novelist, civil right, the voice of the civil rights least t movement, written voice of the civil rights movement was always writing about the legaci

appomattox.we're taging your calls here on american history e tv. joe in new york, you're on the air. >> caller: yes, i have a neral question for general grant.ppeare at thed surrender ceremony in the n mclean house onow april 9th general lee appeared in an immaculate uniform as he appeared to be wearing right now, because he thought he would become general grant's prisoner. i would like to ask general lee of did he ever consider he might be arrested and charged with the crime ofco treason? thank you very much. >> that did come up after the war and i communicated with general grant pointing out that i had a parole. i made sure i had one. i had gone home and i did not o raise arms. politically there washast aed call to have me arrested and tried for treason. i wanted to settle the matter and i communicated with general grant and the matter died. had >> were you concerned at all that you in terms of the settlement, hadn't had a chance to speak to confederate president jefferson davis? >> i had comm

david: i don't know of any at appomattox, but yes, i am a big a small fan. maybe this is someone who knows that. baseball was played by civil war soldiers. regiments had teams. units had teams. they played a game that we would probably recognize, but it is not quite the same game. i don't know of a game played here. there likely could have been. union soldiers might have gone back to one of these fields and said let's have a game of rounders, which is sometimes what they called it. all you needed was something resembling a bat and a ball and something to call basis. baseball had caught on in its early form at the time of the civil war. it wasn't invented by abner doubleday, as he is sometimes given credit for, but a day like today, let's play two. host: we go to brian in fernandina beach, florida. are you on the air? caller: yes, i am. professor blight, i would like to get your impression or opinion on whether you think perhaps the union, beginning at appomattox, was too lenient on the confederacy, particularly its political leadership, and that impact on th

the legacies of appomattox regular sis of the civil war are alive as the red buds. they are often not as beautiful but they are even more important because they are permanent. i'll end with my friend who said it is easy to declare men free before god. it is always much harder to declare them free and equal before other men. thank you. [ applause ] >> tell us your name.ohn >> i'm paul from atlanta georgia. >> looks like you've been doing this stuff, living history sorts events for a long time, john. >> yes i've been doing living history within the park services as a volunteer since 19 7 2. >> what makes this 150 th event so special to you? >> well, i had the privilege of being in several of the parks services 150th events in the felt lik southeast, and i felt like that i wanted to close without by y and being in here at appomattox in t yo the time andu day it took place. >> tells about the unit you're with today and character you've been playing over the last >> couple days? >> i'm representing a confederate artillery men lee's army surrendered their guns and parked

grant will go to appomattox courthouse. we visited the park to find out i lack -- find out a blacksmith force. the blacksmith would just starting a fire. >> no, no. that's good. >> my name is john baronich. i live in spring hill, new york. this is a replica of the traveling forges that the artillery and the cavalry would have them. -- would have with them. our basic purpose is to repair items that would break, such as handles and chains. also the farriers would use the forged to re-shoe the horses. i left to tell people our job back here is very similar to a nascar pit crew -- i like to tell people our job back here is very similar to a nascar pit crew. we were the nascar pit crew of the 1860's. we would take care of the canon wheels --cannon wheels, wagon wheels. the coopers, the ones who would work on barrels, fixing and repairing barrels. we also had a harness makers. and of course, the blacksmith, whose primary job, as i said was to repair items. the biggest example would be the farriers. for example in our artillery ba

it says "the surrender and peace at appomattox." that has been part of how we understood this, that the war came to an end at appomattox. having surrendered, confederate soldiers expected -- accepted the verdict. the reunification of the nation would have been quickly achieved if a vengeful north had not stopped through the imposition of federal power to punish the white south by imposing on it tyrannical and alien state government run by northern carpetbaggers, southern scalawags and ignorant and incompetent former slaves. as the myth goes, the white south, through the heroic efforts of the ku klux klan and other paramilitary groups rose up, redeeming their state and saving white civilization. this so-called dunning school of interpretation was made popular by movies and books such as "birth of a nation" and it gave a sheen of respectability for jim crow. as historian james goodman observed, this is through decades of lynching segregation, disenfranchisement, debt. -- debt peonage,-presidents made -- heightened prejudiced. this aft

we came down here at appomattox the forge, and became a confederate group because general robert e. surrendered a battery forge and they asked if we could be part of that demonstration. i know the group we belong to or i belong to is about 80 people and we really like the living history piece. most of us are educators are former educators and like to interact with people. that's why i do what i do. i never served in the military so this is my way of paying back those people that have gone before us and served our country. >> are there any stories you can remember from the past four years? john baronich: you know, there's a couple things that happen at every single event. i think -- my favorite -- not necessarily one particular thing , but at every event we seem to connect with the local people. like yesterday, for example, we had some chickens do and a couple ladies came by and we offered them, hey, you want some chicken stew? and they ate stew with us, two days ago, and yesterday they came back and -- well, let me show you. they came back with lemon pound cake and cookies for us ye

surrender and peace at appomattox. that is a big part of how we understood this, that the war came to an end at appomattox. having surrendered confederate soldiers reification of the nation would have been quickly achieved if a vengeful north had not saw the reason to punish the white south by imposing on it tyrannical and alien state governments run by northern carpetbaggers and scalawags and ignorant and incompetent former slaves. as the myth goes, the white south through the heroic efforts of the ku klux klan rose up and threw off corrupt republican rule, deeming their states and saving white civilization. the so-called dunning school of interpretation was made popular by "birth of a nation." to give respect ability to jim crow. its successes and failures, how it in the reunion of the 19 century came to restore our understanding of the civil war. gentlemen, thank you for being here. and welcome. what it would mean for former slaves ration relations, for the balance of power politically between the democratic and rep

it talks about "the surrender and peace at appomattox." having surrendered confederate soldiers, the reunification of the nation would have been quickly achieved if a vengeful north had not stopped through the imposition of federal power to punish the white south of a tyrannical and alien state government run by northern carpetbaggers and incompetent former slaves. as the myth goes, there was the heroic efforts of the ku klux klan and they rose up redeeming -- rose up, redeeming their state and transforming white civilization. this was made popular by movies and books such as "worth of a nation and it gave a sheen of respectability for jim crow. as historian jg -- james goodman observed, this is through decades of lynching and disfranchisement and-heightened prejudiced -- disfranchisement and heightened prejudiced. this afternoon, our panel of experts will tackle the problem of reconstruction, it's myths its realities, its successes its failures, and how it came to shape and distort our understanding of the civil war. so gentlemen, thank y

in 1867, robert e lee has surrendered the army of northern virginia and appomattox in 1865 and that will be, that commemoration will be this coming april, and he is now the new president of washington university which will become washington and lee. lee will live until 1870, where he dies of heart trouble. he is buried in the lee chapel on the campus of washington and lee university. where does this go after next month? the connection is pocahontas jamestown, robert e lee, ira aldridge -- both men born in the same year. both men knew exactly what they wanted to do. lee wanted to be a soldier aldridge wanted to be an actor. next month we will follow the african-american heritage more and look at senator everett dixon -- dircksen of illinois. he made the cover of time magazine a number of times. we will look at him senator dircksen basically was the catalyst of moving the historic civil rights legislation through the senate and congress in january, just this time, generally around february, the winter of 1964. that legislation would eventually be signed by president johnson on july 2 1954.

it was nearly a week after the signal news of the surrender at appomattox was received that i said to mrs. lincoln, finally, after all of these days, i am beginning to feel like all this is over. we attended theater just before easter. but in the midst of all of the celebrations, certainly he from whom all blessings flow must not be forgotten. the call for a national thanksgiving has been prepared and will be duly promulgated. surely those whose harder part has given us cause for rejoicing must not be forgotten. you know that i myself was very near the front, shortly before the surrender, and i had the great pleasure of transmitting much of the recent good news to the people. but my friends, no part of the honor for plan or execution falls to me. it goes to general grant, to his brave men and skillful officers. it is to them it all belongs. i think it would be hard to say whether anything has been more bravely or well done than it petersburg, antietam gettysburg, murphysboro, and many fields of lesser note. and of course we cannot forget uncle sam's webbed feet. it seems that all the

this museum was the next phase of being built in appomattox, chosen to be here because of the people that come to this particular area. appomattox is one of the top draws for civil war historians or people interested in civil war history. we wanted to give them another experience where we could bring more of our collection out and bring the collection that specifically relates to appomattox. i have been with the museum for 15 years. four years as director. love the job totally. it has been fantastic. an excited about the future with the museum as it continues to grow and expand and improve our collection. we hope you will stop by and see us. please do. >> you can watch this or other programs at any time by visiting our website. >> the new congressional directory is a handy guide to the 114th congress with color photos of every senator and house number plus contact information and twitter handles. also district maps, a foldout map of capitol hill, and a look at congressional committees, the president's cabinet, federal agencies and state governors. order your copy today through the c-

lee's surrender appomattox. he describes the forgotten surrenders of the civil war including joseph johnston in north carolina and richard taylor in alabama as well as confederate forces and their allies in the trans-mississippi region and indian territory. indian territory. this talk was part of a symposium on the closing of the civil war, cohosted by longwood university and appomattox court house national historical park. it is about an hour. >> i want to introduce our first speaker. robert dunker lead -- robert dunkerly. he has worked at nine different historic he has worked at nine different historic sites. he has written two books that are not listed,

although lee surrendered at appomattox, granted not bargain over the conflict. grant simply told lee his men could stack their arms and go home. president lincoln, and most members of the republican party, had it involves viewing the war from saving the popular government to a war that would end slavery and give the nation as lincoln said famously, a new birth of freedom. in the spring of 1865, lincoln is just getting his reconstruction act together and what we know comes from things he says in cabinet meetings and a speech he gives at the white house after lee's surrender. at appomattox, but it is fragmentary. here is essentially what we know lincoln was planning. an army would remain in the south until the natural order of things was restored. the southern states would have to ratify the 13th amendment that abolished slavery. he did not want the old confederate leaders back in power. he kind of hoped they would leave the country. he did not want war crimes trials, but he did not want them back in power. there were ba freedmen's bureau. at agency run by the mil

lee surrendered to general ulysses s grant down at appomattox courthouse, and this is, going back and the moment, the first presidential assassination in the country's history. it is something that americans had never experienced before. they had also experienced four years of death and warfare. it was a terrible time. and it is really getting back into the moment is what we are trying to do here. sarah jencks: there is real value, we feel, and we have learned this from watching our visitors, and finding out what -- in finding out what they can -- what regular people experience with the lincoln assassination. so often, we really only care about the assassination through the stories of the people who were major players that night. and even sometimes then we will then about the stories of the people who were secondary players on the night of the assassination, like the doctor but we don't get to hear what regular people experienced. and that was what the project was meant to solve. and we have been so lucky because we found partners in historical societies and libraries and institutions

. >> there were commemorations of everything else during the civil war, appomattox, richmond.moration of the end of the war is a grand review parade. to tell the nation and the world that these united states colored troops participated in gaining their own freedom. the slaves freed themselves and that's an important testament to their fortitude and bravery at this time. ♪ >> so once again we're going to wake up all our family, the largest family out there, the grandberry family from down in tennessee. will you give us a shoutout from down there. and of course, the johnson family. give them a shoutout. some down here in the stands. >> you are the person behind this, aren't you? >> that's right. i stepped in front of this train about six months ago. i'm happy to see it come to this. it's a wonderful day for america. >> what is your assessment of how things went today? >> there's a lot of things that go into these things. you have to make a lot of calls and send a lot of e-mails and you build friends and build connections. i'm pleased we have a team of people who believe in freed

when not just going from sumter to appomattox but what you're describing is a displacement of the civil war. there's a foundational narrative that says black history in this country starts at appomattox and moves forward, displaced by a narrative that's more inclined to look towards selma, less inclined to look towards the freedmen's bureau -- dr. scott: it's even worse than that. the anti-nationalism -- the anti-american nationalism in the academy runs so deep at this point that there are people who want to -- if they had their druthers, they had their druthers, there would be no such thing as national history. nothing called an american story, a united states story ok? some of these people would talk about diasporas of different sorts, right? and this is what comes into black studies. they want to bring haiti in. they will bring the haitian revolution in. mr. appelbaum: whenever you bring to it of historians together, they end up talking about what other historians are doing. i want to talk about the broader, popular understanding. there is clearly something gained from redefining a c

. >> there were commemorations of everything else during the civil war, appomattox richmond.end of the war is a grand review parade. to tell the nation and the world that these united states colored troops participated in gaining their own freedom. the slaves freed themselves and that's an important testament to their fortitude and bravery at this time. ♪ >> so once again we're going to wake up all our family, the largest family out there, the grandberry family from down in tennessee. will you give us a shoutout from down there. and of course, the johnson family. give them a shoutout. some down here in the stands. >> you are the person behind this aren't you? >> that's right. i stepped in front of this train about six months ago. i'm happy to see it come to this. it's a wonderful day for america. >> what is your assessment of how things went today? >> there's a lot of things that go into these things. you have to make a lot of calls and send a lot of e-mails and you build friends and build connections. i'm pleased we have a team of people who believe in freedom in america, a

appomattox is one of the top draws for civil war historians or people who are just interested in civil war history. so we wanted to give them another experience out here where we could bring more of our collection out and bring that collection to appomattox. i have been it with the museum for 15 years. four years as the director. and loved the job totally. it has been absolutely fantastic. and excited about the future that is going to happen with the museum as a continues to grow and expand and improve our collection. hope you will stop by and see us. please do. >> you can watch you this or other american artifacts programs at any time by visiting our website cspan.org/history. >> up next on american history tv author>> michael mccarthy discusses the july 1915 capsizing of the ss eastland in the chicago river. over 800 factory workers died in the tragedy including 22 entire families. mccarthy examines the faulty ballast system that caused the ship to capsize any talks about the forgotten legacy of the ss eastland. posted by the new york public library, this program is about 90 minutes.

a is th second.toda adds we look back 150 years, rn what's the lesson today for people here at appomattox? what's the lesson to be learned esson from 150 years ago? general? >> i think the lesson that we should take away from this is that mono mat whaer the issue or the topic, cooler heads must ultimately prevail. we must find compromise we must resolve issues as difficult as it may be. cooler heads were allowed to prevail and plunged us into a war that really didn't have to that. happen. >> would you agree with general grant? >> i would agree with him on take that.rom th i would also like them to take away from this place the sacrifice on both pararmies. >> ntindeed. >> for four years and what it took to come here. but in particular how general a grant handled thedi surrender and how much that made a difference in the healing of the country. >> we c have jane in albertson, new york. jane, are you there? >> caller: yes i am. hi. i wantednted to extend my gratitude to these gentlemen portraying lee and grant. i think it's just an awesome and they are be a l performing a greatot service to

it was nearly a week after the signal news of the surrender at appomattox was received that i said to mrs. lincoln, finally, after all of these days, i am beginning to feel like all this is over. we attended theater just before easter. but in the midst of all of the celebrations, certainly he from whom all blessings flow must not be forgotten. in fact the call for a national , thanksgiving has been prepared and will be duly promulgated. surely those whose harder part has given us cause for rejoicing must not be forgotten. you know that i myself was very near the front, shortly before the actual surrender, and i had the great pleasure of transmitting much of the recent good news to the people. but my friends, no part of the honor for plan or execution belongs to me. it goes to general grant, to his brave men and skillful officers. it is to them it all belongs. i think it would be hard to say whether anything has been more bravely or well done than it at petersburg, antietam, murphysboro, and many fields of lesser note. and of course we cannot forget uncle sam's webbed feet. it seems th

he was at appomattox. he was part of ulysses s. grant's staff. and he was telling the story to the family about what had just taken place. the city has in celebration. and the lincolns themselves were celebrating and finally seeing the end of this incredible war coming to an end and all of the burdens that that had on the president. he decides that day to celebrate in different kinds of ways. one thing he decides is to go on a carriage ride with his wife, mary lincoln. and it's an incredible ride that the two of them take. you know mary asked whether they should invite anyone to join them. abraham lincoln says, no he'd like to go just the two. and they take this ride around the city and they talk about their future. and lincoln turns to her and says, now is the time where we should really put aside our sorrows and think about the future. and he says that he would like to go to -- you know, to see the holy lands, see the gold mines in the west, and mary talks about how she'd like to go visit the capitals of europe. and then what should they do, sh

. >> the surrender at appomattox -- johnson and the other armies will probably surrender in the next couple of months. lincoln: we still have some struggles in the deep south, yes. >> what are your plans, then after the south comes back to the union, to help both the landowner, those who have been affected and devastated by the war, to help them recover, and to help the slaves who are now free men to assimilate into free society? lincoln: oh my. her question was my plans to help the former landowners of the south, who in many cases had been divested of their rightful property legally speaking, once they lay down their arms and are not using the property for rebellious purposes there is no legal reason to hold it anymore. so what is to become of them? and then their slaves. even before i was reelected, i made it clear that the condition would be no slavery. so that is one form of property that will not be returned. because i do not believe it to be property. i believe it rather to come under the rubric of mankind, and therefore deserving of the rights and privileges of all, as jeffers

the civil war had ended two weeks previously with lee surrendered at appomattox. it was an eventful month. some asserted that 1865 was the most eventful month and history of the united states. no one knows more about these events then allen guelzo. he is the professor of the civil war era and director of the civil war era studies at gettysburg college. he's the author of many prize-winning books. lincoln's emancipation proclamation. the end of slavery in america. lincoln and douglas, the debates that defined america. that one the lincoln institute prize. his most recent work is abraham lincoln as a man of ideas, a collection of essays. lincoln, a volume at oxford in 2009. his book on the battle of gettysburg publish in 2013. he spent eight weeks on the new york times bestseller list. possibly the best book written on the battle of gettysburg. his articles and essays have appeared in scholarly journals. los angeles times, a very long list. allen guelzo is our most distinguished biographer of abraham lincoln, historian of the civil war. we are delighted to welcome h

on april 9, robert e lee surrenders in appomattox courthouse.rt todd lincoln was present at the surrender. on april 11, lincoln gives what turns out to be his last speech. he stands in the balcony of the white house and says that he wants the southern states to be readmitted into the union african-americans to be part of american life, to improve, to give them suffrage, to improve the quality of their educations they will be equal american citizens. booth is standing directly below the balcony at the time and turns to lewis powell and says that's the last speech he's ever going to give. that means nigger citizenship. by god, i will put him through. we will never hear from him again. it's hard to tell if that's accurate, but it is certainly something he felt that it shows up in a lot of books on the assassination. lincoln began to have provisions of his own death. three days before his assassination he told is very close friend, ward hill lemmond that he had a dream that he walked through the white house and when he was walking to the white house

author robert duncan with talks about happen to other confederate armies following the surrender at appomattox. this talk was part of symposium on the closing of the civil war cohosted by lockwood university

grandparent at appomattox courthouse and surrendered his army. other confederate armies were still active in the field, lee's surrender effectively ended the civil war. tonight on c-span3, beginning at 8:00 p.m. eastern the events that marked the 150th anniversary of of the event held last month in appomattox. >>> south korea ambassador to the u.s. ahn ho-young talked about trade with the u.s. last week at an event put together by the korea economic institute. this is about 50 minutes. >>> good afternoon, i'm the president and ceo of career economic institute of america. welcome you this afternoon for what should be a very interesting exchange on issues involving the future of free trade in east asia, from china to tpp with a question mark meaning going beyond even tpp. this is going to be an interesting forum, and we welcome you here this afternoon it's my opportunity to introduce to you the ambassador and then dr. lee from the korea institute for international economic policy. when they finish, we'll need hopefully 10 minutes for questions. and

our focus is the south surrender at appomattox. on c-span 2 at 8:00, we'll have book tv in prime time. tonight's theme is economic books and authors. we'll hear from former treasury secretary hank paulson among others. and on c-span, a special look at freedom speech issues. hosted by the national constitution center. a senior official from koch industries talks about corporations and unlimited spending in the wake of the citizens united decision. here's a preview. >>> my point of view is people should be able to give money anonymously or on the record. it should be up for them to decide and not for the government to decide. the government, the bill of rights, i'm going to paraphrase the the late great justice brennan here which i'm sure he'll be flattered by. they made sure that government couldn't infringe upon those rights because they were presumed to be preexisting. and my point of view is to the expent people want to disclose. and we were talking before we got on here. if charles koch and david koch credited or blame whatever

washington was still in celebration of the surrender of robert e lee to grant at appomattox five days earlier. april 14 was off also the five-year anniversary of the start of civil the civil war. despite all the joy and excitement, lincoln had second thoughts about going out that night. not that he had any scruples about it being good friday, he did not share the strict christian problems that christians had of going to the theater on a holy day. however, he had a disturbing dream the night before. his bodyguard had left town warning him to not go out in public, due to the highly charged atmosphere. with disgruntled enemies s shirley lurking about. als -- sureley lurking about. he also had a hard time finding who to go with. mrs. lincoln had a hard time getting along with people though i think she is unfairly treated. anyway, lincoln's imitation was politely declaim. -- decline. lincoln invited harris, a family friend, and she brought along her fiance. by the way -- this is the actual clothing that was worn that evening. the code. pretty -- -- coat, pretty typical outfit. except for t

our focus tonight, the 150th anniversary of the confederacy's surrender at appomattox. we'll feature authors and historians on c-span 2. meanwhile at 8:00. we'll have former treasury secretary hank paulson at 8:00 eastern. hosted by the national constitution center. speakers include a senior official from koch industries who talks about unlimited political campaign spending in the wake of the citizens united decision. here's a preview. >> my point of view people should be able to give money anonymously or on the record. it should be up to them to decide and not the government. remember, the bill of rights. i'm going to paraphrase the late great william brennan here. but basically, the bill of rights, the framers didn't lay out what our rights were. they made sure that government couldn't infringe upon those rights because they were presumed to be pre-existing. and my point of view is to the extent that people want to disclose. there were a lot of disclosures laws that were compelled -- and we were talking before we got on here, if charles koch and david koch get credite