it will be the end of my army. and then he learned that there was a country lane that passed around the right flank of the union army. and once again, vandorn impulsively said. that's what we will do. we'll take that lane around the right flank of the union army. get in their rear. and we'll cut them off. but his men and animals have not rest ford three nights. they have been without food now for a day and a half. what, what little energy men and animals had left was barely enough to shuffle forward through the ice and snow at a crawl. vanadorn did not care. forward he said. he is still riding in his ambulance. one disgusted arkansas soldier said, as vandorn clatered by, that man doesn't understand heap -- he is riding. but we are walking. the massage behind the union army while successful was slow, it was -- it was costly. thousand of men made it. but thousand of others simply collapsed into the ditches alongside the roads. unable to keep up. and hundred of them died of exposure. frozen where they fell. nobody rem

could not trust his army. but there was one thing that washington did know, that generals may plan, but it is the line officers, the lieutenants, the captains, the majors, the men in actual command who control the troops. and so he in conjunction with his staff, colonel brooks, who later, by the way, becomes governor of our commonwealth. so he, colonel brooks, his secretary, jonathan trumbull, begin to lay out a plan. the plan is that they will call all of these officers together, that is the lieutenants and the captains and the majors, and speak to them directly. they must also prepare an address, a speech. several days now spent in writing what is probably the most important speech ever given in american history. all in secret because, of course, washington has already announced that he's not coming to the meeting. noon, saturday, 15th of march, about 300 officers crowd into the temple of virtue. the building, by the way, reconstruction of the building is there today on that historic site. general gates ente

army at wilson's creek. natural attrition and necessity of garrisoning, springfield, other locations had shrunk curtis' army down to around 10,000 men. and then there was -- the very disturbing matter of logistics. the isolated union army now, in benton county, arkansas, was 200 miles south of its supply base at ralleigh. despite quarter master sheridan's heroing efforts the supply situation was ten wuous. it was uncertain whether the union army could remain where it was, it certainly couldn't go any further. curtis, therefore, determined to hold his ground in arkansas, take up a blocking position, and prevent the confederates from returning to missouri. he rode all over benton county and he notice aid lod a line of limestone bluffs behind a body of water called little sugar creek. these bluffs ran east/west and they were five miles south of the missouri state line. below the bluffs -- was a creek. the top of the bluffs was the beginning of a -- a rolling table land. it had no formal name. but curtis discove

army chief of staff, secretary of state, and defense secretary. after world war ii, general marshall designed the european recovery program which became known as the marshall plan. in 1953 he received the nobel peace prize for his work to stabilize and rebuild europe. this film aired as part of the "big picture" series on abc television from 1951 through 1975. focused on historic battles, figures and traditions in u.s. military history. >> the united states army presents "the big picture," an official report produced for the armed forces and the american people. >> it is rare in history when a man who has distinguished his name in war goes on to greatness and peace. but for george marshall, it was a short step from a brilliant military caree his statesman, diplomat, peacemaker. winner of the nobel prize for peace. throughout his long career, general marshall served the most enduring ideals of a free people. his record has represented the best in the democratic tradition. >> walter cronkite, distinguished correspondent, is our guest narrator as the

at an inspection of the army's new airborne troops at ft.n 1942, marshall gets a close-up view of the citizen soldier at work. field soldiers never knew when the chief of staff might make an appearance such as this one at the jungle warfare training center in hawaii. marshall might do his thinking and planning in washington, but it was from the field that he drew his facts. a gifted observer, the smallest detail did not escape him. army subordinates were either proud or dismayed by marshall's critical appraisal, depending upon the performance. jungle training was a new experience for american troops, but it was clear from the beginning that in order to win the war in the pacific, our soldiers had to beat the japanese at their own game. in the forbidding gray of a november dawn in 1942, american naval vessels ghosted in toward the beaches of north africa, delivering the first major allied counterattack since the outbreak of the war. their objective, the german africa corps in tunisia. the enemy was led by germany's ingenious field marshal erw

there were many women in these armi armies. general howe kept records and 10% of his armies were women on the ration. and it was probably something like that number at least in the later stages of the war for the american army. but the feminist said about that person, yes, it is a woman. and look again. she's the only person in the boat who is actually row iing. there's some interesting things that are going on here. just a word about george washington. this was a man who came from a very special part of america. it was called the northern neck of virginia. it was the land between the potomac rivers. it extended a very great distance. and yet was largely owned by one aristocratic family who took up residents there. its size was such a magnitude that in the early years, it was measured in degrees of longitude. it covered 3 degrees of longitude. this was a world in which george washington grew up. it was very top down. after the the death of his father shs the men in the fairfax family were his mentors. they raised him in that tr

the southern army out here, which will become the army of the -- the army of tennessee, army of tennessee, they're not going to -- that initial core of experience is gone. the combat experience they had here at ft. donelson is locked away in a union prison camp for six months. so it's shilo pment because confederates lost 16,000 guys to their army, shilo was this close of a victory for the south. could you imagine if you threw 16,000 more confederates on that. what would have happened at the battle of shilo. they were denied. it could have gone the other way. another ft. donelson legacy. i'm going to badger this point. donelson campaign was so pivotal and it kind of breaks my heart that it's not as remembered as it should be. lessons for today. if you look at ft. donelson campaign, a lot of studies for command. command and control personalities. ft. donelson campaign makes it a fun campaign to study, looking at the personalities, on the union side, they had more of a traditional unified command. you had general hollic, commander in charge of expedition. say what you will about hallic in s

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army, was on the verge of mutiny. how could this have happened? after almost eight years of war, with victories so close in sight, all was now in peril of being lost. we often think of course the american revolution ended october 1781, yorktown. with the surrender of general wallace to the franco american force under the command of washington. that was not the case. for even with surrender of yorktown, the british army still occupied new york, savannah, georgia, charleston, south carolina, wilmington, north carolina, and a good portion of maine. and the navy, while it had been defeated at the battle of the capes during the yorktown campaign, navy was still supreme. the navy was still mistress of the ocean. the british had hardly been beaten. no one understood this better than the commander in chief himself, general washington. he was fearful that the news and victory at yorktown would in fact diminish the american effort. shortly after the battle, he wrote to governor william nel n nelson, the governor of virginia, he

he wished to rejoin his army. they summoned him to meet before them, and they told him, quote, we have nothing particular to give you and have appointed this audience only to assure you of our esteem and confidence and to wish you happiness and success. happiness and success was all that he carried north, back to the army. there at the encampment just north of the city, the american army was busy watching the british. the british in new york were under the command of general carlton. carlton had recently arrived. he was his majesty's commander in chief and his instructions were to take no offensive action against the americans. indeed his instructions were to prepare for evacuation. at the same time while washington was watching now carlton, there arrived the french. the french army under the general had spent the winter in virginia near the yorktown battlefield. come the spring it was time for them to move, only the french army was coming north to come here to boston to depart for the west indies. the french were

army war college. she's a distinguished military graduate of indiana university pennsylvania where she received a bachelor in graphic arts and the united states army war college where she received a masters of science in strategic studies. she's success ly commanded staff positions at every level and is currently serving as director intel ops, plans and policy, deputy chief of staff, g-2. let me point out that serving the nation is a family business in the purser household. she is married to joe purser, who is a retired army officer, still serving as a department of the army civilian employee and the army cyber command. if that wasn't enough, the pursers have two wonderful children continuing this proud tradition. jennifer, a captain currently stationed at fort wa chuk ka, arizona and justin, a first lieutenant stationed at fort campbell, kentucky. i should also point out that general purser is my boss on the army staff which provides all the incentive i need today to ladies and gentlemen, brigadier ge

the army was the other extent at that time. it was the headquarters for the army. and so it taught me a lot, the business of public affairs. and all during this time of being at the barracks here and moving along the line, something came up on the bulletin board that said that there was a new school started called the march of time school of pictorial journalism. that sounded great to me. i had never shot movies before or anything like that. the march of time for those of you who don't recognize the name or know it was the leading film company that told stories by film to keep the public informed on what was happening maybe somewhere in europe or somewhere in south america. didn't make any difference. if the story was good, they covered it. and they actually covered hitler and a lot that he did. they did seven stories on him. and to try to keep the public here. and you have to remember the public in those days was very limited. it was mostly farming. it was some mechanical. and then mostly mining. coal and so forth and so on. cars were for the engineering and produ

army is committed to point out of the country by the summer the police and the iraqi army will step in it will choose. these traffic jams are an indicator of peace in iraq. the city seems revived with businesses springing up once again and residents doing their shopping in the city center. a city center that is returning to its pre-war opulence. but is the war really over though the situation in baghdad has improved other cities have been tossed into the garbage fallujah for instance my parents' home town after the war the city was totally cut off only the inhabitants had the right to come and go freely. so when i come but i have family and friends there and i speak iraqi arabic i make contact with a friend in flu shot. chemistry quite list actually i'll take you up and we'll go wherever you want. this is eunice he's thirty two years old a former football player for lucia now want to point out that i first met him arguing a news report four years ago it was he who called my attention to be seriously deformed babies he came to baghdad to fetch me because it's not possible for me to get

the southern army out here which will become the army of tennessee, army of tennessee, they're not going to -- that initial core of experience is gone. the combat experience that they had here at fort donelson is locked away in the union prison camp for six months. so it's shiloh. because the con fed rats lost 16,000 guys in the army. shiloh was this close of a victory for the south. can you imagine if you threw 16,000 more con fed rats on there. what would have happened at battle of shiloh? they were denied that battle. and they could have gone the other way. another fort donelson legacy. so another -- i'm going to badger this point. donelson campaign was so pivotal and it breaks my heart that it's not as remembered as it should be. lessons for today, a lot of studies for command, command and control personalities. fort donelson campaign, what makes it a fun campaign is looking at the personalities on the union side they had more of a traditional unified command. you had the commander in st. louis and the grant in cairo. say what you will about general hallick. he may have overwhelmed t

one black regimentwho worked as up for the army after army quarter masters confiscated his two mules and deprived him of his livelihood. then as now, the army was the employer of last resort. what was in it for these black soldiers? freedom, certainly. as sergeant henry maxwell told a gathering in nashville in 1865, "we want two more boxes besides the cartridge box. we want the ballot box and the jury box". military service was an obligation of citizenship, and for the not yet citizen it conferred citizenship. abraham lincoln recognized it in september 1864 when he said we cannot spare the 140 or 50,000 now serving. this is not a question of sentiment or taste but one of physical force. nor is it possible for any administration to retain the service of these people with the understanding that upon the first convenient occasion they are to be reinslaved. it cannot be and it ought not to be. yet according to union officers in the south, hundreds of former slave holders believed that emancipation was a temporary war time measure only. >> two millard fill mores.

will be able to provide budget for its army in the long run that's why. this sudden scant difference. would support president obama's statement that so far we can not see you there as they spent the last ten years ten years of afghanistan building are going army and police but there was interest then you're still be could not both fail to create a strong army to take responsibility for the american soldiers are trying to american personnel it's their policy to try to teach the afghans to teach their security forces but we are hearing more and more reports. and that the americans themselves are worried by the fact that the afghan police that their training may later shoot in their back and they and we have seen sanction since in more than ten thousand in the me in the recent months how friendly are the afghan troops towards the nato troops and towards the karzai government i think it's very difficult to hold all of gun army and gun police especially for meads staying also dog honest on the but there are certain problems it was in the afghan army and michel

august 1st, 3rd army becomes operational. and it basically is going to sweep across the southern part of northern france, barrelling through a lot of nonresistance. and it's going to end up capturing, making a bag of germans what's called the fillet pocket. so here is patton, eisenhower, bradley and then courtney hodges because when the invasion of normandy begins, omar bradley is commander of what's called 1st army. and the plan is once there are enough troops in normandy, then they would have a third army. and hodges would take over 1st from bradley. bradley would be promoted to army group commander. so you can sort of tell where we are in the war because hodges is here and he's got the 1st army patch on his shoulder. patton races to an area of france called lorraine. this is where he's going to run out of fuel. and here he is waiting for eisenhower to come to his headquarters. he's all spit and polished and everything. and that's his 20th corps commander walker who's going to later fight in korea and our good friend willie

so the syrian army, the assad regime's army has entered in baba amr and they're executing any guy theyd. they've already executed more than 30 guys there. they've taken over all the kids, anyone over 14 years old has been imprisoned and tortured. they're stealing all the houses, stealing all the shops and tearing down everything they find in that area. >> suarez: well, there's a hot debate in the united states and the rest of the world about what happens next. what would you like to see andç what would the people of homs like to see what happens next? what kind of aid from the rest of the world? >> well, what we would like to see is an intervention, an army intervention, a strike on assad's regime and a no-fly zone. we don't need aid and humanitarian. people are being killed there. we need support for the free syrian army. this is what we've been asking for for a long time. but what i am 100% sure is no one's going to do anything about this and the assad regime will hit us harder and harder with its air force. what we are asking forç is eitr say you're going to help us or you're not.

and he's got the first army patch on his shoulder. patton races to an area of france called lorraine close to the german border. this is where he'll run out of fuel. here he is waiting for eisenhower to come to his headquarters. he's all spit and polished and everything. walker is later going to fight in korea, and good friend willie down here. several reasons, patton races across france and suddenly slows and stops. and to him, it's because eisenhower liked montgomery more, and is giving him all the fuel. that's not the fact. everybody's running out of fuel. they're outrunning their supply lines. it's a combination of not just that, but also the fact that the terrain, which has basically been flat is going to turn hilly, more rivers, harder to cross. the rains start coming in, turning the roads to mud. and lastly, the army kind of splits as it breaks out of normandy. bradley and eisenhower really want to open up the ports and get more supplies in. so they dedicate a lot of the air power to attacking these isolated pockets along the f

a number of army historians assigned to third army and other armies in europe told me they were all given the same camera that patton has. it's called a lykon. it was german made. historians and reporters were issued cameras on the front lines. what would happen is in the development process somebody would look at it and if someone's patch was showing, they would put a white mark over it. if there was a street sign, they might white it out. they would go through a censoring process and patton sometimes did and sometimes didn't. >>> you're watching american history tv all weekend, every weekend on cspan 3. for more information follow us on twitter @cspan history. >>> each week we sit in on a lecture. you can watch the classes here every saturday at 8:00 p.m., midnight and sundaes at 1:00 p.m. this week north

they have to rebuild their army, which they do. in october of 1973 they decide they're going to make another offensive. they decide in 1976 is what they're planning for, they'll launch a new offensive. jop says, no, let's go in '75. for once he makes the argument to go to phase 3. they're not really sure if they want to do that. in december of 1974 they make a probing attack. they're trying to test if the americans would do what they promised they would do. support the south vietnamese regime and with air power, we don't do anything. the communists now have a green light. in march of 1975 they launched a large conventional invasion. by this point the government had been pretty much abandoned by the united states. what kind of ever conclusions do we get from all of this. well, one, the conventional wisdom of much of the american population is false about vietnam. vietnam was not conquered by guerrillas. it was guerrilla warfare that was a big part of how the north wins this thing, but it's armored core of the north vietnamese army t

killing of the sixteen again against civilians including children in their beds by a united states army sergeant well everybody in the world when where we were very fast to react to that including the u.s. and of course russia well what's your opinion as not as a politician but as a person deeply involved in the matter in this again situation do you consider for yourself that this was isolated case committed committed by by insane of a troubled person or those that reflect a deeper process does that reflect the the general psychological effect seek out the u.s. personnel in the region i think your last proposal is from this much more more the truth of course i don't know completely different but who am i talking about feelings i mean certainly you know why i believe it's not then been in kind of the actions by the u.s. military in afghanistan when it comes to the surge and of course it's an isolated event but we had that chain of isolated accidents in our guns from falling for the last year remember are going to go. some years ago or bombardment or we would share in the suburbs so all o

a number of army historians assigned to 3rd army and other armys in europe told me that they were all given the same camera that patton had. it's called a lyca. it's actually german made. they produced them in switzerland and other places. so soldiers were issued cameras, historians and reporters were issued cameras on the front lines. what would happen is in the development process, somebody would look at it. and if someone's patch is showing, they'd put a white mark over it. or if there was a street sign, they might white it out. so they would go through a censoring process and patton sometimes did and sometimes didn't. >> you're watching american history tv all weekend every weekend on c-span3. for more information, follow us on twitter @c-spanhistory. >> each week american history tv sits in on a lecture with one of the college professors. can you watch the classes here every saturday at 8:00 p.m. and midnight eastern and sundays at 1:00 p.m. vietnamese strategy during the vietnam war with donald stoker, professor at the naval war college in monterey, california. the class is part

the army had a listening post. this is, as i remember in just east of campus, there was actually an army counter intelligence corps officer who lived with his family upstairs. in the back room is where the other agents were. this is before tape recorders and recording conversations. they had the disk that's recorded conversations. the army had a division of labor with the fbi, army recorded conversations of the scientists who worked on the project and under suspicion. the fbi under two secret operations, two secret programs recorded the conversations and installed bugs as well as wiretaps in the homes and offices of individuals who were known or suspected communists. the fbi actually had two programs, one was called -- they loved acronyms. one was common turn apparatus and that was to wiretap and bug high ranking members of the party here in the bay area and actual think is a national program. and the other program was called sinrad. and sinrad's focus was, as you might imagine, upon oppenheimer and the scientist t

army's internet site. this article praises the merits of the cleated uranium and minimizes its dangerousness the only allusion to health consequences is contained in this phrase the department of defense and many other organizations have studied and continue to study the health chemical radiological and environmental effects and exposures of depleted uranium that's all they wrote to the u.s. army the use of depleted uranium is taboo but i did manage to speak to one former high ranking official at the department of defense. being west was with the marines of the battle of fallujah he later wrote a book recognized in the u.s. as the reference on american strategy in the rebel city you heard about it you keep it real. but wife was for us. but you think. it's all nonsense. to predict uranium or something. a bomb is a bomb. it's not like somebody is leaving behind radioactive so that the marines walk through i mean radioactive fields then all the marines die if any scientists show a linkage between the lingerin

in the ins of trenton and the american army got drunk. and washington had great difficulty getting his troops back again over the delaware river, more so than he did getting them across the first time. and he also was carrying back with him 900 hegs crystals. and the question was what to do about them. the prisoners expected the worst. and to many people remembered what those hegss had done after fort washington, after other engagements around long island and washington could have gone with the lex tell yoen. he it could have been an eye for an eye. but what he did with members of the continental congress was to declare a policy of humanity. that the hegs captives would be entitled to some of their rights that the american revolution was all about. they would be entitled to the right to life. that was very different from the law of 18th century warfare. they were treated decently to their surprise. and this news spread rapidly around the world. we had a man now in paris as the news reached europe, and it was benjamin franklin and he publi

at two areas which are not protected by the free syrian army. assata army went in there, stabbed the civilians, raped the children, and killed the children. all the other areas are protected. >> where should those arms come from? you have taken moves to ask for help, right? >> the arms would be coming from outside, from europe, america, the ewing, turkey, lebanon. i do not know. i am not a politician. i am a guy that is living in syria. i have been there since the beginning of the revolution. >> you talked to a senator, joe lieberman. >> i talked to a senator, joe lieberman. it said they will not give us the arms but there will be intervention soon. of course, this is all talk. they should have been here ever eight months. we have seen no actions. >> at some point, you have got to say this has been going on a year. whenever arguments you had about not army opposition has got to reach a turning point, hasn't it? >> actually not. to the contrary. because since army the opposition started, the death toll increase. it is the area where the free syri

army. he thinks they can't protect the pacification efforts. what you'll get out of this is a decision once again by the north to go to phase iii. and he wants to launch these coordinated attacks all across south vietnam. now, when he comes up with this plan, what becomes known as the tete offensive. his idea, his push for this offensive becomes what will drive the next element of north vietnamese strategy. the north decides they're going to launch a massive offensive tied with massive uprisings all across south vietnam. they're going to do this at the beginning of the vietnamese new year at tet. they decided that now is the time to do this. they could defeat the u.s. militarily. and they would do this during a u.s. presidential campaign, and this would force the u.s. out of south vietnam. now, mao tse-tung, they talked to mao and the chinese. mao is very supportive of their doing this. and he believed just like ho did that the u.s. would be defeated here and that the u.s. would be forced to withdraw. now, the plan for doing this is pro-pronged

except for a couple of army positions, he would caution me that those were army and not do them again. and so, i was destined to go to sea school. i was 6'1" and that was sort of the dream think of that time. having been raised in gloucester, i had been aboard ships and learned how they operated and a couple of my very best friends were in the coast guard and i went in the ice patrol and the skipper was the father of one of my high school buddies and he would throw us down in the lower decks and say you do whatever that chief tells us to do and i don't even know you. so i knew what navy life was like. they always told you read what is on the board because it will tell you what your unit is doing and what the marine corp is doing. a message is coming on the last two weeks those of us who shot expert or sharp shooter in the range did not have to go in the mess hall. but we had odd job to do, mine was to keep water in the officer's wing and because i was from new england, i had to keep a fire in the boiler going and the surgeoutherners didn't know to keep one overnight. i had a bunch of

well, on july 12th the army of the southwest finally marched into helena. this brought to a close one of the most remarkable operations of the civil war. during the first six months of '62, the federals marched 700 miles from raleigh to helena, across some of the most difficult terrain in the country, and fought and won a major battle against imposing odds. no other union operation at this stage of the war lasted as long, covered as much territory, or achieved its objectives as effectively. the army of the southwest secured missouri, freed union resources for use elsewhere, and dealt confederate arkansas and slavery a heavy blow. few other civil war operations anywhere had such an impact on the course of events. it truly was a campaign worth commemorating, worth remembering, and i'm so glad that so many of you have come out tonight while we've had this little discussion. thank you so much. >> thank you very much for coming, and you're dmised. >>> as commemoration of the 150th anniversary of the civil war continues, join us every saturday at 6:00 and 10:00 p

it all came back to the army values that i had to trust another people. the platoon i'd know, men and women that supported me was the same support i still needed. having friends like eli here today be a partner that would help describe instantly and understand where things went and how things went allowed me to finally graduate and it was awesome. again, i felt like i was on top of the world, graduated with an mba. there was a small step to better myself and making a positive change because quickly after graduating from duke was back to my alma mater at the united states military academy. like i said earlier, something i never thought i would have to do again is to see that place and luckily i never had to see it. last night that i was now instruct her. as teaching military leadership to students. 18 students per class. teaching and leadership, transformation leadership, been an extreme environments. was awesome. it is funny because the first time i went to class no one knew i was fine. i say hey how are you guys doing. i'm scotty. though, jodi. hate you

of the syria now is not longer the pure syrian people resume the freedom army that turkey. basically had to have call their base the in turkey and i think oh you've even. other forces. also you watched in the rebellion army so did this information actually has been released the by the cia from the united states and then later on has come full of some other resources so now all those fighting groups i think the wrong was becoming complicated much much more complicated than before you just touched upon the two segments of the syrian opposition the free syrian army and the turkey greatest national council also there are people there are industries are fighting for the very way of this three pieces of the syrian opposition how cohesive are going rather how they are not so coherent because we all know the syria freedom army the base the in turkey they're outside of syria and then resume the syria there is another one called the call of the nation group and then there's another called the national council so there are basically that us three major opposition groups old. three of

there was an army counter intelligence agent who was in the background. after rossi and the group walked away, the agent went over and bought the negative. so they were there able to identify the other four and all of them were wiretapped and physically surveyed in the rest. and by the way, there was no -- in the course of that, i read all the transports of telephone conversations and conversations they had at home that surfaced in the army and fbi archives. i think it's pretty clear that these three real quli nothing to do with espionage. that there were no secrets being passed from berkeley to the russians through steve nelson with the exception of joe wineberg's conversation with nelson. this is in march 1943. word gets back to los alamos to oppenheimer that his grut students are under surveillance, under suspicion for spying for the russians. he tells a ratherol incredible story. to the effect that there is an unnamed interimmediate airy who did -- there is espionage going on at berkeley. there is interimmediate airy who approached three scientists wo

he is the commander of the army. on the other side you have leg dewan who is the second in command to ho chi minh in the political round. then you have general tan who is the commander of the vietnamese forces fighting in south vietnam. you have a rivalry between jan on one hand and the other two on the other hand as this develops and how you should be prosecuting the war in the south against south vietnam and against the united states. we'll see that here in a few minutes. sometimes the north vietnamese communists in the literature are depicted as being super men and doing everything right. they do a lot of things wrong. they're not all on the same page about what should be done to fight the war. the first thing is the war. they declared independence in 1945. declaring independence is one thing. getting it is different. in february of 1946, the french return. they want to re-assert control over their former colonies. in december of 1946 the vi viet mihn, they start their first attacks. they're driven out of hannoi.

well armies usually are free to kill at will i mean i think the. more general question the more general answer to your question is that egypt has no no standing law and order actually. that has stated things that are such that the government is not going control the army is. not going to come out of its barracks unless confront to in a very very large way and so popular as it is essentially on its own and that means that when unpopular decisions are made you're going to get this sort of spontaneous kind of outburst of anger and there is no capacity to control it nor is there any capacity to actually prevent the reasons for going. there's no central control in egypt now. lourdes it is it is just going to change it may mean that the military as you've been intimated has been dominating egypt politics for decades is the way it's been go it will the general stand off there a new president is elected it may no i don't think it's. the only way that the generals that will stand down it as such his if they are granted tanami from the government itself that

so jefferson was saying was that history shows that standing army armies during times of peace and he wanted to have a navy to protect our borders but a standing army during a time of peace was an instrument of what he called mischief that he looked at other countries and had been had they had military coups or that overthrown by their own armies and said we don't want one of those things during times and from one of our international viewers hildegarde in cologne germany she had this brief but poignant reaction to her daily take last night about why republicans really want to go to war with iran. she said what a madness actually she said it out there which and yeah it's true consider the possibility that republicans want to go to go to war with iran simply because as christine legarde pointed out yesterday front page of the financial times if we want to war with iran and oppose what all eighteen of our intelligence agencies oppose what the former head of mossad says you know if we went to war with iran it would cause according to christine legarde a worldwide depression and of course

and i call the army, the general, he said, yes, it's true. >> reporter: the mexican army assigned a teamodyguards to protect adella and each editor 24 hours a day for months. >> they took care of us and we're alive and we have this paper. >> reporter: and one of the very few that reports on drug traffickers. many newspapers here have stopped reporting on the violence that has taken hold. i head out with zeta crime reporter luis perez to a recently discovered drug tunnel under a warehouse near the u.s. border. when we arrive, the door lock is broken. inside, nothing but an open elevator shaft. luis and i head down to hide inside the tunnel. >> little flart platforms. that's what they used to roll the drugs to the u.s. side. they cut off all the power supply for the elevator and for the electrical and ventilation system down there. so we're going to have no light and no fresh air. this tunnel is about 500 meters. >> 500 meters. >> the authorities have said that it has been sealed on the u.s. side, but not on the mexican side. >> we think that we've come to the halfway point of the tunnel,