he wanted to prepare the army for its future. they want the army to be pushed. to approach the problem of ending the draft. >> one thing we all learn by going to these records is that there is an awful lot of preparation that sometimes we never have to use it. nonetheless a lot about contingency. my question here, there are many different circumstances in which one can learn. this is been the most challenging moment to do so. given the failure in vietnam. the dramatically decreasing respect. given the lack of interest in many young people. what do they do in these latter years as they read the direct command that they had to do this. try to prepare for the army. recruiting 20 or 30,000 people per month. that is really quite striking when it parents to the fraction of that today. how do the ongoing war in vietnam checked the preparation for an all volunteer sores.>> in a couple ways. and gave them descriptions. 1971. nixon and secretary said that is too soon. we were still fighting a war. we cannot stop recruiting people do we have a system in place. that is fund

army, it is the army of america. what elements of america? certainly, part of the american revolution. the united colonies. so, when does the continental army begin? it is not necessarily the start of the revolution. a couple classes ago, we were talking about the french and indian or. that was the world war that fundamentally altered several different nations, but primarily france, britain, and the british colonies. many americans had fought alongside british soldiers, british officers. what happenedcall when the groups and directed -- interacted? a lot of ways, the british are looking down on the colonists for a number of reasons. and that was having to do with tactics, formal military training. some of it had to do with how they dressed. over's also a large aspect who holds the higher rank. a colonial officer outranking a british officer? the british officers of lower rank saying they have right. this infuriated a young george washington. so, our story begins after the french and indian war. so, who wants to give me the standard answer? wh

armies. grant is traveling with him, so people thought that as the factor that would win the war, defeat lee, and that would win the war. whatever happened anywhere else, each day brings is nearer to the battle of the war, which must soon be fought in virginia stated the chicago tribune. chicago was then in west. it will be a battle we believe, one of the most terrible ever recorded in history. they're masses their forces for shock. mcclellion was rooted out. they were wrong about that. he wasn't really rooted out until the governor was removed. in the most humiliating circumstances imaginable. he takes the field unhampered with interference from any quarter. we anticipate the victory, which shall give the rebellion the "the new york times," like the "tribune," a republican's paper, developed a common theme. they are fond of shaking their heads in view of lieutenant governor's approaching campaign in virginia, they say that grant has heretofore been successful defeating the rebel generals, he

it is grants army. people all the united states looked at is present in virginia as the factor that would defeat lee and win the war. whatever may happened anywhere else. each day brings this narrative to the great battle the war which must then be fought in virginia. the chicago tribune. it was now in the west. and noted that in april 64, it will be a battle we believe one of the most terrible recorded ever in history. the are both mapping the forces. it is rooted out. they were wrong about that. it was not really rude about it removed going to worn command on april 1, 1865 in the most humiliating circumstances imaginable. the army has a confidence in the commanding general. he takes the field unhampered. we anticipate the victory we shall give the rebellion the finishing blow. the new york times developed a common thing. the southern rebels were fond of shaking their heads. in view of his approaching campaign in virginia, they remarked he was here to forge successfully in beating the rebel. he never e

army or u.s. army war college. so, hello everyone, i'm so sorry could not join this fantastic lineup today. i was struck with a terrible curse from the travel gods with no reasonable way to make it to kansas today. so i hope you'll accept my sincerest regrets. and i hope i will be able to catch up with many of you at the society of history meeting in may or sometime in the future. and i will happily field questions via email and social media. in the short time i have, i want to use the narrow length of religion to examine the question of morale after tact. even this narrow framing of asking interesting questions about the morale and relation between morale and public opinions to explore this relationship i focus on first person accounts from chaplains and official records from the chaplaincy. today, i want to ask two primary questions. first, how did the declining support from religious organizations at home and the first-hand experiences affect morale in post-tech vietnam and second, how did military chaplains, es

the red army. so, for example, four different things at his -- as a partisan movement. three of them in adjunct to or support of the red army. one was to provide intelligence. now, again, on my table over here, we have a picture, ok? and this picture depicts one of those elements, a red army scout, dressed in the camouflage uniform, is consulting with partisan members. moving back over here to this display, we then see parts of the uniform and equpiipment that he would have worn. it's a camouflage outfit, a leaf pattern, as opposed to what they call the amoeba pattern. he doesn't have a helmet. he has a soft cap, a bag with a few items in it. that's his map case. he has binoculars. he has a canteen. he has a belt. and his compass. his weapon is the pps-41. again, lightly dressed. this is what he does. he provides intelligence. also, i ahhave another element that he would be carrying. this is a scout knife. very few red army soldiers were provided with knives of any sort, unlike the americans, who h

did they leave the army? stay in the army? were they jailed? what happened with them? >> yes, the case went on. i should mention the biggest factor besides these women, these otherwise ordinary women, the biggest factor was the public. the public got involved, the black press, spread the word out. all the way to california, oregon to the south to the north. people knew about it, white and black. and the public, men, women, black, white, everybody was writing in to the war department. the war department had to take action. what action they take is a bit convoluted but eventually the women did return to fort devons and they remained as orderlies. so you could read the book and say, nothing really changed. but things did change. they did have the attention of their higher brass. before they could not get the attention of even their local officers or lieutenants. now the war department, secretary of war henry simpson knew who these women were. , president roosevelt knew who these women wear, so did his wife eleanor. the naacp, the godmother of the wac, they had their atten

trotsky took the red army and said, i want to make it a working man's army.n you go to work, you don't wear a suit that has a raised collar and epaulets. you have a suit that has a laydown collar. on the -- as we saw front of that book, that was the early war uniform. it was a simple smock. the rank was on the collar. as the war progressed, there was more and more reference to the the, to the heroics of military achievement under the czars. so, a lot of the changes were made to kind of encourage that, to reinforce that. so, later on during the war, the uniform was now changed back to, in a sense, the czarist-type looking uniform. again, the medals came back. medals were prolific. the guard metal -- medals, the idea that there were famous cz arist units. now we were going to have elite red army units to raise morale and encourage the men to fight. so, i guess i would like people to take away from this -- i'll say, for example, that c-span is a source of much of the information that we use in our hobby. and i've heard numerous occasions, on various historical p

many of the officers of the society of the army of tennessee. the most decorated of union armies. to commemorate his military victory. the coincidence demanded ta distingui -- that distinguished illinoisans be among the speaker. there was the state governor and former governor add well as other noted illinois war generals. at the head table sat other western generals. the society's current president and command in general of the army william sherman and george armstrong custard. he complicates everything. he was still alive. that's not come kplat plicatcom. neither of their battlefield points need introduction. one time illinoisan, long time aot commander. national war hero and current u.s. president. nearly a decade after the war's end the nation's eyes no longer saw this president exclusively through the lens of war victory. politics hung heavy over this meeting besieging grant's post-war leadership. ra rampant white violence was sweeping away republican governments. a recent liberal insurgency with its epicenter in states erupted over radical led constitutional amendments given

army force in vietnam. this afternoon, we'll build on that conversation and talk about the ways in which the army and the nation's military leadership grappled with these issue in terms of manpower and force management. we'll introduce our panel for session three. beth bailey distinguished professor here at the university of kansas, norman kamp, meredith lair is an associate professor of history at george mason university and gary solis, add juncture professor of law at georgetown university. >> hello, everyone. good afternoon. i want to start by saying how pleased i am to be included in today's proceedings. this is a very special subject for me. i'm honored to be amongst all the distinguished historians that are, you know, speaking and attending. i was really an accidental historian. didn't set out to be one. didn't want to be one. but it came to pass. i am very pleased in 2015, the army general surgeon's office published my book, which is being illustrated, representing some 35 years off and on of an atte

of course, we all know that not only is johnson's army in the field, but there are other armies in the field. appomattox really is, read any popular book about the war. appomattox is a stand in for the end of the war. the fact that at least one third of lee's army was paroled at someplace other than appomattox, should remind us of three things. first, of grant desire for a swift and clear and to lee's army, and by extension the war. second, the history is often far messier and less precise than we would like to imagine. and finally, in keeping with the theme of this year's serious, but we still have a great feel to discover about the civil war. thank you. >> great talk any questions, anybody step up to the mic and ask the question? we have one coming here. state your name if you would first >> jean cavanagh, i am a native new yorker, transplanted to virginia. some of the prisoners, cans, and stuff in upper new york, how did they deal with that, were they given paroles? >> not immediately, not until mid summer. men who had been captured and sent to camp lookout or elsewhere would remain

rereply the army and ask for more cavalry. try the patience of hal okay and stanton and even lincoln who was his sincere friend throughout this thing. unfortunately for rosecrans, and lincoln and washington, they were completely caught off guard we he made the next movement to capture the important city of chattanooga. he did a -- again maneuvered bragg out. bragg had no choice but to rereceipt from him rosecrans thought bragg was in head long retreat. and he really wasn't. in fact he was about to be reinforced by trps from mississippi and froops from the army of northern virginia. which thanks to general gordon meade didn't have a lot to do to fend off old gordon after getties rk -- sorry that was kind of a low blow. the confederates showing a much better strategic sense of importance of cooperation across theaters brought those men in, achieved numerical superiority every oh the union foes and thanks to a terrible, terrible mistake on the second day of the battle drove rosecrans and his men from the feemd in disarray only ge

southern armies, most of the southern army supplies had to come from the north.where and 18th century supplies and wagon, drawn by horses, had to walk. greene sent a request in philadelphia, for clothing. their was in a state of decay. the clothing arrived five months later. 31 august at charlotte, by 10 september, still had not arrived it was the ever present problem of supplies being hijacked on the way, by officials. throughout the campaign, greene struggled to supply soldiers. on that problem he struggled. he tried to keep the army in the field. importance of logistics, is driven home by the fifth century spartan. without supplies, neither a general or soldier, is good for anything. 2500 years later, general omar bradley, was generalized and how he was grand commander in europe famously said, he discussed tactics. professionals discuss logistics. now, in addition, to the terrible logistical situation, the political turmoil and the nightmare civil war. the war was in the revolutionary war was a civil war between americans throughout the country. terror always

following the army's lead the navy, marines, coast guard and army air corps. created their own women's forces so none of these initially accepted black or plaque recruit. only the wac did a compromise i argue that the war department offered civil rights leaders whose demand for demanding for integration of the arm forces firmly rejected. this afternoon i will introduce fort evans wac strike in a narrative form as i do in the book. the characters and plot provide the context to explore army personnel policies and how they led to the strike, court-martial, and public interest in the case. and at the time it was a sensational trial. i will conclude with with a brief thought on why the forth evans strike is so little known today. i promise you a story. which i'll begin in 1944 when the four women at the center of the fort evans strike enlisted alice young was a middle class washington, d.c. resident with a well paid government job. because she also had some training as a nurse, recruiters assured her that the army needed her as a medical technician. johnny myrrh i

army command and gen. staff college and is happily living in tennessee. >> absolutely. >> we will turn it over to the first session. >> good morning, thank you so much for coming. i want to thanks beth-- think beth for inviting us out in the center of military history for supporting this as well. beth has already introduced this amazing panel so i will let you read it to me as we get started. the best place to start is 1971 and in that summer the armed forces journal published an amazing article. it's a scathing indict-- indictment of the armed forces called the collapse of the armed forces. you can tell this is not an uplifting assessment. the author is marine col. robert final and my guess is he's not excited about what he sees. this is how he opened the art of article. >> the morale discipline and battle worthiness of the us armed force is was lower and worse at any time in the history of the united states. those posers at valley ford had good right? the situation wasn't bad. it was really bad. social t

, ahead of the national army. conversely with the notable exception of those who premature pursued slave emancipation and whose generalship earned the president's trust. those who urged time were replaced. among them winfield scott. robert anderson, don carlos bull and, of course, mcclellan himself. all of them pro slavery democrats. unlike mcclellan, westerners would make good on such boths. in northern missouri in july '61, stephen herbert, a staunch republican wage add warfare. when his men learned that john mac afee was at his house in shelby county, he was arrested and required by general hurlbert to take transit in the hot sun. he says that hurlbut himself said he set him at it. still, it was admitted that it was doubtful any charges could be maintained against him. within two months of his release. mcafee had joined the missouri- legislature and presided over the secession legislature. second detachment shot -- in june of 1861, the commander, lieutenant colonel james m tuttle wrote this criticism. perhaps i

army in disarray. our battalion alone we were , understrength. i had half the people i was supposed to have. so i would submit to you that the army in europe was paying the price for vietnam, and it manifested itself in a number of ways. not enough people. the troops that we had, a large number of them were unmotivated. they just wanted to get out of the army and get as far away from it as possible. there were no funds for training or maintenance. the barracks were falling apart. 30thone point, in the infantry, in the unit i served, half of our vehicles were in storage because we couldn't man them, couldn't fix them, and couldn't fuel them, we did not have the money. so it was a bit disconcerting to go on our position on the german border to defend against the soviets and put up a little -- and put up little metal signs that said automatic riflemen machine gunner. ,i did not have enough bodies. i had signs. i had enough people to man the four tracks in my platoon, and that was it. the barracks were fal

the army of the potomac under joe hooker had many good qualities as well as bad ones but the army comes across the river to fight. outnumbers lee by about two to one. if you count all the ash and trash as a say in today's military, it's almost 30 to one but it was up or just up, some regiments were being dispensed but anyway when they come into confrontation across a few dozen miles on this broad front from chancellorsville to fredericksburg, hooker has the odds. he has more of everything. he manages to fail. will talk about why. but importance to gettysburg is, that again, the victory against such odds, against poker, initially getting the drop on lee is so astonishing that lee begins to feel his army can't be defeated, that the north just can't beat them. when you start thinking you can't be defeated, you're on the road to defeat. but even more critical and practical aspects of it was lee is literally fighting for his country and his armies life as chancellorsville. it's a near run thing. there several chances, and hooker and army of the potomac had to turn around even after jackson's

but you went beyond the army. we are talking about the housing problems and the fact that the first time we heard about housing problems was at tigger air force base. you were aware of that. in that meeting that we had, the trip we had together, what impressed me and i think it fits into this hearing today, was how well you did in communicating with the troops in the field. you were one of them. at that time, i thought you were really the guy for this job. >> thank you for saying so. when you were with us in june, you were the acting secretary of defense at that time, you said the u.s. national defense strategy remains our guiding document. that is really significant. that has not happened before. we had a hearing about this. this was put together by democrats, republicans, people who were top military people in this country. no one at any time since we adopted this well over a year ago has complained it was not done properly. at that time, you talked about why it was important. also, prior to that in march, when

what you grew up with in the army, i grew up with in the army, commitment to the nation, living the army life, honorable, that's what drives me. sen. duckworth: thank you for your many years of service and i look forward to your confirmation. >> thank you very much, senator duckworth. i want you to see, mr. secretary, it is the logicti cians cleaning up the battlefield. i want to thank you and your family as well for stepping up because it does take an entire family unit to make these things work. i want to further extend my appreciation for the fact you have not only served in the united states armed services as a member of the military but the fact you've also served in public service and the private sector. i think that makes you extraordinarily well rounded and fit for the capacity that you have been nominated for. so thank you very much for that. i would like to build upon the sexual assault, sexual harassment issue that senator duckworth and senator mcsally have mentioned. senator hirono always mentions it, as well. i have introduced a military special victims protection act, and i

army of tennessee. army of cumberland. there's a lot of work on that and officers and there's a good new book that deals with the mainly the officers in the western armies and their attitudes toward emancipation. there's a lot of work on the west. >> that book is christopher teeter's practical liberators. >> i don't think that chris really gets at the deep conflict among western officers over emancipation in the way he should have, but by studying the lower grade officers, and seeing the problems that they were facing and the decisions they had to make in order to contend with emancipation policies is entirely new. we just haven't seen it before. >> steve? let's talk a little bit more about mark twain. we were all fascinated by what you had to say, and i had many questions. one of them has to do with twain's anti-war feelings. so tell us a little bit more about that. what are the are roots of those anti-war feels? what are some of the manifestations you mentioned? one of his writings in particular is that it generalized pa

that is a different army. by 1970, that army is decidedly different. it is beginning to ask some questions as they see people getting on the freedom birds and going home, why are we still doing combat operations? and then laird comes out and says, now we are in a defensive mode. well, it doesn't feel defensive when you are running a patrol against the 33rd regiment. i think that had an impact on morale. >> the less combat there is, there are people in rear areas, and they got time on their hands. if you just look at the black market numbers, they skyrocket in 1970. everyone, not everyone, is trying to get their take before this thing is over. but there is still a lot of people doing what they are supposed to be doing and they are not involved in these illicit activities at all, but they see them being allowed to continue and they are involving officers, ncos, enlisted, all ranks. that has got to affect your morale, it has got to make you ask questions about what it is that we are doing here. but you can find that situation in almost any conflict, espec

wacs, army and navy nurses. eleanor roosevelt was a great advocate of women serving in the military. so these are the women in the four components who stepped up to be the leaders of each of the women's components. >> the women's army corps performs a full military part in this war. >> general's marshall and eisenhower partnered with with congresswoman from massachusetts and maine in putting forward legislation that gave women a permanent place in the military. so we didn't have to start all over again with what uniformed, where are these people going to serve. but we'd have a core of qualified women. that was called the women's armed services integration act which was passed in 1948. women could only be 2% of the force. they could not achieve a grade higher than lieutenant colonel or commander in the navy. you could see women just wanted to serve. also some critical points in that legislation, women couldn't serve on combat ships or aircraft. and there were other pieces in the legislation that dealt with pregna

these guys a regular army. they have all the benefits of regular army which means he will have to obey orders and you will have to -- whether it is musket or pay, this is a real challenge. supplies which are also a problem with congress. we will have muniz. they have to stay. that is one of the advantages of these guys. these folks, they come and go. these folks, they have to go where they are told to go. philadelphia, new york, valley forge, you have to follow orders. they are more disciplined and trained. a caveat to that is this is new. again, we are starting from scratch. we don't have a major warehouse full of rapidly weaponry, we are starting from square one. these people used to be militia, now they are signing a contract. there is a lot of play. i don't want to make it sounds like this is army who is ready to go and take on the british army. it will take a long time. we will see in the first couple of years, these guys need to get that experience. yes they have some experience but nevertheless it is a l

is you know and i did not agree with the army coming in but i've given up so in the meantime the army can give us a job. of the army cannot give us trouble because of the army you know has that legalization since all of these things so they're not as a whole needed in as it will be. so as i and i hear you can i know you're outside of south africa right now i just got to jump in and asked a man because he's in manama one of the precincts actually you've got the army right there in on what difference does it make it might help. yeah i just wanted to mention that we understand what the viewers are saying that the army is not trained for these types of policing but what do you do as a community you know at the should this but asian people as being hoping that perhaps the military might might bring a solution we are. pushing lucian we need solutions like i mentioned early on that this war on the cape flats so low intensity of war that's been spiking then it comes down in spikes again so this only out there should this but asian communities come together and come to this region most of the

drives bragg's army out of middle tennessee. he feels miffed that stanton implies this is not as important as the battle of vicksburg and gettysburg. again, rosecrans would pause. again he would try to patience of stanton and even lincoln who was his sincere friend throughout this whole thing. unfortunately, for rosecrans and lincoln and washington, they were completely caught off guard when he made his next movement to capture the important city of ch chattanooga. he thought he was in headlong retreat and he really wasn't. he was about to be re-enforced by troops from mississippi and from the army of norton, virginia. the confederates showing a much better strategic sense of cooperation across theaters. brought those men. thanks to a terrible, terrible mistake on the second day of the battle drove rosecrans and his men from the field in disarray. only general george h. thomas remaining on the field to salvage the battle for the union side. rosecrans would retire and he would prepare for the siege that ensued. he would fortify e

what the army is willing to act. people and you ask that the president's having chamonix actions then and having a new president not just still behind their back doors and that's something that the people are not ready to accept that they have madly all the people in just yesterday and since there's plenty to react with that they want clear and transparent elections so all the issues that have been kicking in are that you are going to have new elections we believe is current you know actually the army has been rejected by the ok well what needs to happen for a meaningful debate to take place between that and the army and the people in algeria. but you can see in our church that you have left the main most men's you have or merest members of governments are members of that we need to rehab trying to size your fortune to come about as they have been so that line. that knows you come back on track tonight's presidential elections that's the that's most useful that sems to our staying we don't negotiate with the army of

so, the army had a bit of a problem. it's tough to recruit when your dress blues look like the marine or air force uniform. what was the solution? just turn back the clock. here's david martin. >> reporter: the old guard is getting a new uniform. in addition to his dress blues, lieutenant colonel j. todd bu o burrows is being fitted for something in an olive green. what do you like about it? >> i'm a big fan of the uniforms of the greatest generation. >> i never saw anything look so beautiful in my whole life. >> reporter: the uniform you see in world war ii movies is exactly what mark milley told lynette lafleur wanted her to design. >> he admired the uniform. it was a great time in our history. >> reporter: this is a golden oldie. >> yes. >> i think there's a need for us to change our uniform. >> reporter: sergeant major of the army, dan daly, has become the chief model for the new uniform. wearing it to see and be seen events, like the army/navy game. the commercial world, it would be rebranding. >> we absolutely are.

so the army had a bit of a problem.ecruit when your dress clothes look a lot like the marine or air force uniform. what was the solution? turn back the clock. here's david martin. >> reporter: the old guard is getting a new uniform. in addition to his dress blues, lieutenant colonel j. todd burroughs is being fitted for something in an olive green. >> i'm pretty happy with the trousers. >> good, that's good. >> reporter: what do you like about it? >> i'm a big fan of the uniforms of the greatest generation. >> i never saw anything look so wonderful in my whole life. >> reporter: the uniform you see in world war ii movies is exactly what army chief of staff mark milley told annette lafleur he wanted her to design. >> he told me how much that he admired the uniform, that it was a great time in our history and he wanted to bring back that esprit de corps. >> reporter: so basically, this is a golden oldie. >> yes. >> i think there is a definite need for us to change our uniform. >> reporter: sergeant major dan dailey has be

this is not a fair standup such as our potomac armies are accustomed to. this preying, shooting, burning and hanging, firing into houses. occupied by noncombatants and burning town dwellings which sheltered only women and children are not the true means to put downtown rebel onand montgomery disagreed entirely. and, in fact, shaw went on to say he called it his indian mode of warfare and those are his words. great scene in glory about the burning of gary. >> that reference bring us back to talking a little bit about the setting -- the carolinas what traps pires in it? toe what is the story of new burn in the wake of the war and it's very interesting focal point to suggestion many many other things. we ought to be thinking about a coastal carolina theater and so on. tell us about newburn about the character in your story. >> i come to newburn through william singleton. i didn't just -- i didn't want to study newburn and figure out what happened there although it turned out to be very fascinating. but i think that following the sources, where we find refugee

band and army chorus. ♪ >> present arms.ay can you see by the dawn's early light what so proudly we hail'd at the twilight's last gleaming? whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight o'er the ramparts we watched streaming?lantly and the rockets red glare the bombs bursting in air gave proof through the night that our flag was still there -spangledes that star banner yet wave of the freed brave? ♪ e of the [applause] ♪ ♪ >> ladies and gentlemen, the president of the united dates, donald j. trump, and the first navy of the united dates, melania trump -- the united states, melania trump. he chief"]hail to teh [applause] [chanting "usa"] [cheers and applause] [cheers and applause] pres. trump: hello, america, hello. [cheers and applause] the first lady and i wish each and every one of you a happy independence day on this truly historic fourth of july. today, we come together as one nation with this very special salute to america. we celebrate our history, our people, and the heroes who proudly defend our fla

army. what was the result? the creation of a company that was phenomenal. individual whon was named -- the barber of seville and the marriage of figaro. he actually was a secret agent operating for the king of france. companym, he created a that by 1778 at 100 sailing ships that delivered hundreds of tons of gunpowder, weapons, cannons, other military supplies to allow the continental army to exist. ,ithout these military supplies it was doubtful washington could have been able to fight as long as he had. at the bunker hill, for example, before the ship started rolling in, they had two shots per person. by the time you get to december of 1776, a very crucial time, they are down to about three shots per person but a much smaller army, probably 3000 people. a very important asset here. three people connected with the interests of enough or of course benjamin franklin who at that point became the diplomatic head of the paris commission, u.s. his first diplomatic session of rock over interest.

our army manned the air. it ran the ramparts and took over the air force.ad to do. at fort mckendry, under the red glare, it had nothing but victory. when don came, there star-spangled banner waived defiance. [applause] pres. trump: at shiloh, antietam and gettysburg, our soldiers gave the last full measure of devotion for the true unity of our nation. and the freedom of all americans. in the trenches of world war i, and are resurgent named alvin york faced an inferno of enemy fire and refused to retreat. he said, i will not leave or stop. he shot his rifle 18 times, killing 18 of the enemy. one a fixed bayonets and charged, he killed seven more. the entire sherman -- german machine gun battalion surrender because of alvin york. a generation later, the army returned to europe and embarked withthe great crusade knives and rifles in hand. they scaled the cliffs of normandy, the 101st airborne like into the danger from above. all enemy flares, explosions and burning aircraft. they threw back to not see and -- nazinot see empire empire. the darkness of the batt

the united states army. ♪ ♪ the army goes rolling along ♪ the army's on its way ♪ you will always youes air force. ♪ ♪ >> the united states marine corps. ♪ ♪ >> the united states coast guard. ♪ ♪ >> the united states navy. ♪ ♪ >> honor guard, pass and review! right backwards face! right shoulder! >> forward march! ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ . >> mr. president, this concludes today's ceremony. >> ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's ceremony. please stand and remain in place for the departure of the official party. ♪ ♪ you again for joining us toda at the pentagon. please proceed back to the river entrance to meet your escorts. have a wonderful day. >>> here is a look at our prime time schedule on the c-span networks. 8:00 p.m. eastern, parents who lost children in the school shooting in parkland, florida, discuss school safety and gun violence. on c-span2, matthew al business, the acting director of customs enforcement talks about oversight. on c-span3 a hearing describes high prescription drug prices and the impact on patients. >>> c-span's washington journal live every day with news an

moved to the united states, joined the army. was reassigned to the 82nd airborne. sunday he'll parachute into normandy. i became part of a family of real american heroes, he said. the paratroopers of the 82nd. wilson, you should know that specialist rodriguez joined the army not two years ago. >> was assigned to the 181st airborne and earned the title of air assault soldier of the year. that's inspire but not surprising when the women of today's military have taken on responsibilities like combat nev like never before. [ applause ] i want each of you to know that their commitment to their fellow service members and veterans, sergeant first class brian hawthorne's grandfather served under general patten and under general mcarthur. brian served two tours in iraq, earned the bronze star in baghdad for saving the life of his best friend, and today he and his wife help other families. he is here to participate in sunday's jump. here just yesterday he re-enlisted in the army reserve. and this generation, this 9/11 generation of servic

it's the largest land army arab army in the region. and they're an influencer. we have to be conscious of those facts. >> my time is up, but i assume you have similar concerns with turkey and what's going on there? >> even more so. they are a nato ally and have been a capable nato ally, but their decision on the s-400 is the wrong one, and it's disappointing. >> thank you. thank you, mr. chairman. >> thank you, mr. chairman. secretary esper, thank you for being here. thank you to you and your wife for looking at the military housing situation. maybe i'll start there. can you give me a brief update on anything you've been tracking specifically about program changes, and some of the tenant bill of rights and things the army first started working on as being scaled up to the dod. >> about a month and a half ago i chaired along with invited secretary spencer and secretary wilson we sat down in the first quarterly ceo board of directors meeting with the opposing ceos and talked through a number of issues. we presented them with our draft bill of rights for feedback,

the army, navy, air force, coast guard, marines, and very soon, the space force. applause] pres. trump: as we gather this evening in the joy of freedom, we remember that all share a truly extraordinary heritage. together, we are part of one of the greatest stories ever told, the story of america. it is the epic tale of a great nation whose people have risked everything for what they know is right and what they know is true. it is the chronicle of brave citizens who never give up on the dream of a better and brighter future, and it is the saga of 13 separate colonies that united to form the most just and virtuous republic ever conceived. on this day 243 years ago, our founding fathers pledged their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor to declare independence and defend our god-given rights. [cheers and applause] pres. trump: thomas jefferson wrote the words that forever changed the course of humanity. "we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among

let'sjust see if we can debunk this myth that the army numbers are somehow in freefall.army, including the brigade both trained and untrained, was 85,430. as of the ist ofjune, one month later, the most recent figures we have, the total size of the british army, including again the gurkas, both trained and untrained, was 85,730, and that is an increase of 300. thank you very much, mr speaker. in 2010, there were 30,000 more fully—trained armed forces personnel than there are today. does that concern the minister? does it concern the government? and if it doesn't, why not? i am concerned in recent years that we did have a drop below the figure, but as ijust demonstrated, we are turning the supertankeraround. you can only increase the size of the trained strength of the british army is by having untrained recruits in the first place, and as i demonstrated we have seen an increase in the number of people joining the british army and that's positive. the snp asked about claims of the secret ministry of defence torture policy. mr speaker, the last time the secretary was at th

army and the western territories. they were outcompeted by eastern producers with cheaper access to indian saltpeter. beyond that though, we'll fight a war with mexico. but immediately after the war with mexico, there's gold. and there's all these new opportunities on the western plains. there are new native american tribes to trade with. there are mines to open in colorado. there's new land to occupy through the mexican secession. so, the powder business never goes down after the mexican war. it only goes up. that's compounded in 1853 with the beginning of crimean war where even britain can't produce powder fast enough to meet the demands of itself and france in the war with russia. so, the power in america is on upward trajectory through to the beginning of the civil war which begins to bring us to our interwar developments because technology hasn't been static during this time period. this new explosive has been developed called gun cotton in 1846. it's created by treating cotton with nitric acid. okay. america has

sharon lane was a nurse, army nurse. she was the only woman to be killed as a result of enemy fire in vietnam. we had other women who lost their lives. we had women who were awarded the purple heart. we can see here a bronze star. these uniforms by the way, they had to be starched. you can imagine a hot climate like vietnam. we called ourselves strak lax. you had to be strapped. you ironed your uniform and pressed it and were presentable at all times. this is a picture of president johnson signing the legislation that removed the restrictions on grade in 1967. here we are, the chiefs of the women's services components are there to include the nurses. in 1970, the first women were promoted to general officer. we sort of end this journey of women's service to the nation with women serving today in the global war on terror. this is a unique exhibit in that we at the time we established it, there was a woman who was a command major in afghanistan. reseech we asked her if she could help us tell the story of what women were do

is you know and i did not agree with the army coming in but i've given up so in the meantime the army can't give us jobs. and many of the army cannot give us all the counseling the army had a you know is that legal that they should see all of these things so not as a whole needed as it will be. so as i and i hear you night you're outside of south africa right now i just got to jump in and asked a man because he's in monaco one of the precincts actually you've got the army right there in on what difference does it make it might help. yeah i just i just wanted to mention that we understand what the viewers are saying that the army is not brain full of these types of policing but what do you do as a community you know at the should this but asian people as being hoping that perhaps the military might might bring a solution but it was a push in addition we need solutions like i mentioned early on that this war on the conflicts so low intensity of war that's been spiking then it comes down in spikes again so this only out there should this been asian that communities s. come together and c

is you know and i did not agree with the army coming in but i've given up so in the meantime the army can't give us a job. and any of the army cannot give us all the counseling the army had a thing you know is that legalization since all of these things so not as a whole needed as it was. so as i and i hear you night you're outside of south africa right now i just going to jump in and ask a man because he's in manenberg one of the precincts actually you've got the army right there in what difference does it make it might help. yeah i just i just wanted to mention that we understand what the viewers are saying that the army is not trained for these types of policing but what do you do as a community you know are there should this but asian people as being hoping that perhaps the military might might bring a solution but it was a push and listen we need solutions like i mentioned earlier on. this war on the complex so low intensity a war that's been spiking then it comes down in spikes again so this only out there should this been asian that communities come together and come to this re

you would think the army, there to protect us, is where members of the army should feel protected.ement that we got from the army, is that something you've heard before? is that their standard line? >> i've never heard that before. i'm sure that is their standard line. i don't mean to scoff, but for them to say that that commanders take it seriously, it -- i'm sure there are some commanders who do take it seriously and there are plenty who do not. that's part of the problem. >> then why tell your story now, for that problem exactly? >> i would like to tell -- part of the reason i told may story was for myself. you know, just to be able to talk about it and get it out there but alsohopefully to help other military sexual trauma victims so that they feel like they can have a voice and talk about it, too, and they don't have to accept this kind of behavior when the military, whatever branch it is, is covering it up on them. >> help me understand what the culture is. you are talking -- why is it that you can't come forward because you write in your piece that three judges on an army ap