army, it is the army of america yes. what element of america and certainly part of the american revolution, the united colonies. so when does the continental army began, not necessarily part of the revolution but were going to see the story. so a couple of classes ago we were talking about the french and indian war and the french and indian war was a world war that fundamentally altered several different nations primarily france, from the north american continent, britain and the british colonies. many americans fought alongside the british soldiers and officers in the war. what were some of the things that transpired. okay so a lot of ways the british are looking down on the colonists for a number of reasons and that was or had to do with a lack of former military training and some of it had to do with how they dressed. wilson others a lot of resistance and a large over who holds a higher ranks of the colonial officer outbreak a british officer and as you recall the british officers are lower ranked freighted payout rat

and the seven days battles, they will drive the union army away from richmond take the army back into northern virginia and they invade maryland and solidify his reputation in virginia command and so when johnston is finally able to take the field again as recovered, what do we do with him rated and things are falling apart for the confederacy elsewhere so johnston is going to be sent to the last. and in the fall of 1862, is when be sent to the western theater and commanded best department, tremendous amount of territory and a big says from the appellations of the mississippi river and is responsible for the army of tennessee which is in tennessee, and of the department of mississippi and alabama which includes that offenders entered general - as a johnston new command and he takes office headquarters and chattanooga about any's going to be coordinating the efforts of those two armies and all the other military units in this vast department and is got a lot of challenges. that's right. [laughter] but seriously, he friday coordinate with these two armies with our defining union forces

june 27, pope will soon clement the army of virginia. lincoln has chosen pope for political purposes, not for his battlefield abilities. lincoln is not at this time ready to relieve general mcclellan. his other factors are going into this decision, secretary chase and edwin stanton have chosen pope because he will fight a hard relentless contest unsparing of southern populace especially in virginia. chase argues to lincoln and stanton about bringing him east and giving command primarily on the ground of policy and doing so with patronage. stanton told objective for pope is to humiliate mcclellan. imagine them placed in a situation you told your commanding officers this is not the command for me, it will not be successful. being placed in this position with sub context and minds and now you are expected to be successful on it. pope premieres again and says i just don't want this position, send me back west but the question comes in at this moment for historical debate, who else would be the right fit at this moment? can administration nee

an army that is defeated in 2025 would obviate an army that's planned to be great a decade later. soak to control and protect the land and the populations that live there, strong forces are an indispensable part of america's national military power and provide the decisive force whatever the sister services may say the decisive force and operations conducted on the land or a clear compelling and convincing case for the importance of land power and in maintaining the strategic balance. america must have that to maintain its position of leadership and also to safeguard our vital interests. i hope i provoked some interest but i look forward to your questions following the presentation. thanks so much. [applause] thank you. the next presentation is being delivered by a soldier, leader, coach of the individual i had the opportunity to work with over a number of years and as you begin the presentation, please tell us how it came together. one final which. as you know i read the book for the commitment and this was laying on the couch as i was getting ready to move to the next one. my wi

and what they have been arguing, that these two armies in the valley and urban mcdowell's army need to be united commander. and the port republican, they give in. the genesis for llincoln's trip to west point and calling pope east. he reveals there's going to be ab objective for this army. several, in fact. he says the first objective will be to protect washington. objective two, defend it the valley. and objective three, disrupt the virginia central railroad in the neighborhoods of schaar lotsville and gordonsville. by accomplishing these objectives and threatening the vital rail link with the valley, the administration, lincoln and stanton hope it would compel the confederates around washington, d.c. and opposites richmond's army that they would pull away from mcclel lance. stanton tells pope that moment he's been called east to carry out these objectives. it's at this point in the conversation that it stanton stopped talking and they just look at each other. and there's this long awkward silence. stanton finally says, general, you don't seem to approve the arrangements i have outlin

was the peach orchard key or decisive to either army? no. neither army benefitted. two, did sickles disrupt meade's defense? yes, he did. however, higher numerical casualties but on a percentage basis, kind of equal on a percentage basis. and again, i don't mean to be cold about this, but the army of the potomac could afford casualties more than the army of northern virginia could. three, he lost the positions even with increased support. four, did longstreet casualties taking meaningless positions? yes, he did. in my opinion, hood is chewed up fighting for positions november value. five, did he use the capture to advantage? no, and i would refer you to my book pickett's charge on that one. in my opinion these are the questions you should ask when evaluating sickles' move to the peach orchard. those are the things you should evaluate when you're trying to evaluate sickles at gettysburg. so yes, i seldom say this publicly, meade's military view of the neutral ground was proven correct. both robert e. lee and dan sickles overestimated it. and lee actually used peach o

and with the army of virginia. then to move to the pontoon bridge that the confederates maintained at the bluff just in case those federal should appear on the south side of the river. and his grand arranged and to speculate of the intention of their enemy and to respond to an inquiry earlier that afternoon by speculating that the enemy must be preparing to go south of the james. some of course the new all large body had moved south but then he could also be at harrison's landing just like two years earlier he could be resupplied for another movement against richmond south of the river. and all of those federal's boarding boats might be the regiments that had their terms of enlistment expire and headed home was thousands were doing that. we have to be guarded but that did not equate changing focus yet from richmond to petersburg so beauregard so he beseech the department was some combination of the army that attacked him. i cannot be responsible for consequences. when his appeal elicited no response, beauregard too

these guys are regular army. with all the benefits of being regular army, which means you're going to have to obey orders. which means you're going to have to outfit them whether it's uniform, whether it's musket, whether it's pay, which is a real challenge as far as our congress is concerned. and plies, which is also a problem as far as our congress is concerned. we're going to have the mutinies here, but they have to stay. these folks come and go willy-nilly. these folks they have to go where they're told to go. are you going to philadelphia, new york, valley forge, wherever, you've got to follow orders as part of this. they are much more disciplined and trained. a caveat to that, this is new. george has got his work cut out for him. we don't have major warehouse clothes we can run them out to fight the british. we're starting from square 1. these people they used to be militia. there's a lot of play in here. i don't want to make it sound this is army who's ready to go and take on the british army. it's going t

the confederate army. both terms, it's easy to say while he was doing this out of pragmatic reasons, not because he felt moral urgency and i'm sure there was a pragmatic motive in his thinking at the same time, he didn't have to. there is no compulsion for him to step forward and do that and get he does. does it mean robert has suddenly become racially enlightened? no. after the war is over, makes no effort to promote reconstruction. he has no interest whatsoever seeing black people and seeing them occupy, to the contrary, he is critical of reconstruction so domestic what lee does for some kind of enlightenment experienced the same time, don't depreciate it either. as part of the problem, robert e lee and the complexities, contradictions, always like mary chestnut discovered. always the? , that is the symbol of robert e lee. >> let's get into one of the questions, i have several questions from the audience were wondering if we can talk about prewar experience and getting into the civil war, let's take a pa

"transfer john pope to regular army. give one of her son as position in the united states army who has so gloriously achieved the just reward we asked of him." lincoln has become quite accustomed to pope's personality and relentless ambition. one of the things i love about how lincoln handles these delicate situation is he does it in a focusy sort of charm. plain and easy to understand but firm. i fully appreciate the achievements with their invaluable results. but you must know major generalships in the regular army are not as plentiful as blackberries. despite this, his victories along the mississippi were enough to promote john pope to major general march 21st, 1862. pope's service in the west was not done. pope would immediately take part in the following campaign of the siege against cornyn. now, during this again illustrated one of the personality traits we learned about, insubordination. during the campaign, pope would advance his column too quickly. and advance the strickture of moving no faster than the other el

sent in the army. since november last year, the to peer laugh and other groups, how falls and allies against prime minister abbey a hammered. and now they say, they have their eyes on the capitol, addis ababa? ah. we will talk to our guess in a moment, but 1st let's go to czar. dig albert aha. his if he appears minister for democratization and he joins us from addis ababa. bethesda eric, thank you for joining us. prime minister abbey armored is in the fall line, leaving the fight against a growing forces. could you give us a sense of what's happening on the ground? and the federal government is when new streaming collision and an office line in order forms are they are losing commanders are in disarray, following our claims to serve decision to resolve me from the for class that it was a memorial harkwriter saw things are to lead by the day or is it think something, reverse it. the time is on our side and deep it is moving big down. when you say that the tide is on your side. the, the rebels said that

the agenda is i want to go back to the army and if mead's not going to let me back into the army. maybe we can help get me to removed and that leads that leads into the gettysburg portion of the joint committee of the conduct of the war in the spring of 1864. now i hate hearing the joint committee referred to as the mead hearings on the battle of gettysburg joint committee had been going on for a long time. it goes on basically to the end of the war. gettysburg is only a portion of their testimony. but yeah, the guys running it the radical republicans for for a host of reasons. don't really like me me and they would be happy to me get removed from command and ironically get replaced with. joe hooker right and for anybody who says oh that could never have happened. how many times did george mcclellan come back to the army? so yeah, i was possible. so sickles is what he what mead calls and i meet i think meat is right sickles is what made calls an agent an agent of the joint committee of the conduct of the war and he testifies when he can you know in his behalf against sort of gener

this does not seem to be good news for your army. i was saying there is simply a wishlist deem and then i think we should have a 4 or 4. there was a whole then we add capacity to defending these for any aggregation, the limit to start using big time on the receipt. and if you have, if you happen to have india on the ground, you could have witnesses better. so this is changing by the date, the following types of decision to drain out of me on the front line. things are changing. so the idea of capturing has been changing into it into the un chief, the u. s. special old voice of the horn of africa have been basically saying that all the parties need to stop the fighting and give diplomacy a chance. do you believe that that is still possible, a diplomatic way out of the crisis in, if you the government will be yoga, has not problems said settling any differences between the problem is affecting our cities, killing our citizens. and the way things don't happen when crimes against humanity out of been committed. the idea of the difference

as this is happening, pleasanton wants to expand his army. he's gone -- he has two divisions but he wants this guy. he wants, this is not a soldier, he rides around in a wagon. he should not be commanding troops in battle. finally he gets the go-ahead to incorporate this division and is back to three divisions and who does he elevate? not a friend of mine. joe patrick who i consider very rash. he will promote three of his captains to generals who do very well later on. each of these is going to have a mission. buford is going on the west. they are looking for stuart, screening the army and moving but they are separated. you can see that here comes buford on the base of south mountain. greg is moving toward manchester and westminster and kilpatrick is right in the middle. it is kilpatrick who is past finding stuart. here is stuart. riding into hanover. it is june 30th. you see the yankee rearguard moving through hanover and you know you have to find lee. what do you do? let him go or attack? kilpatrick is with custer, further north. he will re

army record. he discovered a letter at west point, i was able to get a copy of it, and publish it here in the book, maybe for the first time. it's a rather mundane letter that armistead write to a fellow soldier. you see his signature, lower right corner. but look who signs the ps. w. hancock. armistead, w. hancock. pretty cool piece of evidence of those guys being together. doesn't mean much. it just shows they were together. 1846, mexican war happens. these guys want to go, they go at different times, arrive at different places, but they end up fighting in the same unit, the sixth infantry. through his career, armistead was always noted for his bravery. a number of officers write about him being the first officer into the ditch in the final attack. they also serve together in the post war occupation. between the time that the fighting ended and the peace treaty was signed, u.s. army occupied mexico. armistead commanded a small company and his lieutenant were hancock and another young man arrived

>> [speaking non-english language] >> you rejected the army controls?> [speaking non-english language] >> so now you are in charge and the protests, general strikes, civil disobedience, or ongoing. so far at least, based on information they have, 13 protesters have been killed because of resistance to your rule. people who have told the world they will not stop protesting, how are you going to handle that? >> [speaking non-english language] >> general, thank you for talking to al jazeera. Ñ■?áaa)aaaa [crowd chanting] women's rights! male announcer: good evening, in a landmark ruling the supreme court today legalized abortions. kathryn diss: almost 50 years ago, the supreme court gave women the right to abortion for the first time in us history. male: what about the baby's rights? you're all gonna go to hell. kathryn: the controversial ruling in the roe v. wade case has divided americans for decades. male: abortion is murder. kathryn: now the conservative south is launching its biggest challenge. philip gunn: on behalf of the state of missiippi, we are p

in the british army.and if you are a slave, and mount vernon british army become spy, you can escape and many of them did they try to pretty you didn't have to read the declaration of independence to note that you wanted to be free and on the other hand, there is also african-americans were fighting for the cause and washington's man servant billy the most famous african-american and around at the time because he's washington's man servant and everybody gets to know him. slavery becomes crucial issues certainly by the time the constitutional convention but i believe and this is where part company with 81690 and the 76 people is that the immersion revolution was part of the basis of the principles that were incompatible with slavery and that the prominent american leaders washington, madison jefferson, they all said that that is a contradiction and the great late historian of slavery, coined a phrase called the parish abilities revolutionary time. ... ... >> i see the revolution as a war as the end of slav

how are you going to reformed army, while the army so much in full control, was started working on that particular issue and also forming a one uniform unified army national army with an u combating doctrine. we cannot be back on our feet again unless we have a one unified uniform army. and we have democracy restored in order to maintain sedans, territorial integrity. it stretches resources, and above all, to suffer safe guard the constitutional rights. and wouldn't allow the civil power still function. so do you have a certain timeline for the present transitional period? are such as are, did the constitutional court and the transitional parliament and more importantly, dear any timeline for an election with respect to the elections? yes, we agreed upon the fact that the elections will be on or before june of 2023. the choice of holes will be left to the people under the ballot box. free and transparent by the end of this period was prime minister. now you are the prime minister or for country that the protests are still on. quin and the violence still in used a gas people just quite h

by lee's army.you they were next to useless in terms of combat. the only things that they really left were the 12 core and six corps. six core he needs as his federal needs is reserved, the 12 core is needed to hold calls the. that means it leaves two divisions of the second core falling cemetery ridge. and each one of those has already lost their game. so what's holding the back door to the union position? effectively not much more than 3500 men. whereas lee has an entire fresh unsullied division, george pickett's division. three big brigades of virginians who can be supported by another division of troops that have already been in action . yes, james long street after the war and i emphasize after the war insisted he had disagreed vehemently and coldly thiswas the wrong thing to do . i rather strongly suspect that much of wall street's protests went that way got elaborated and embroidered as time went by after the war especially after lee's death. i have a very strong suspicion that long street wh

army. his last class at west point graduated july 1 come 1839 and their commission is dated to that day. luis' commission dates july 10. all of those shenanigans he loses nine days in rank but it's good to know people in high places. so off he goes to the war zone and ease in florida almost immediately the second or third day there he's in hot combat but no longer the u.s. army makes a change in his command structure. the new command of all the u.s. troops in florida's brigadier general walker keith armistead. he said it as an aid in his experience changes dramatically but he gets in up-close view of how a general works and army. and they are 40 c. sent to a place called fort tollison and that's where he meets them young man named winfield scott hancock did was -- what's hancock's background his father benjamin has historic names and that would eat benjamin franklin hancock. they have twin boys in 1824 named winfield scott after the soldier and the other named hillary baker which doesn't se

army officer there. he had people working for him that -- but he was, because it's this opening up of the west and they open that post. but hancock was a quartermaster for a lot of his career. some of his people were with him later in life said that that's with a set him up, to be a great commander. he is -- when i didn't know, though, until we found the newspaper account with that one of his responsibilities, maybe one of his main responsibility, was supplying arms its troops. >> where was he? >> he is in what is now arizona, with the mojave, the army sent them in to do some battle there. so they are apart. that they are still connected to. >> hancock was still on duty when he died, wasn't he? >> yes. he remained a professional soldier and he would have resigned, if he had won the presidency, he said. it was really close. it was a close election. i mean, 9 million votes cast, he lost by 9000. if he had won the electoral college in new york he would have one president. he came very close to becoming pres

or british army. you've got to know your terrain. and you can use that to your advantage, as far as getting supplies, as far as being able to pick your battles. and using that to the best advantage. you cannot discount how important that is. >> did a large percentage of the militia have war experience from fighting? >> again, they don't necessarily have to have experience in a cut and dry battle. they have to have experience in something. they've got to have experience in fighting in general, that can be part of that. so they are not necessarily -- but they are very comfortable in the fields. that's the thing. so we can definitely use that to our advantage. would? else >> they are more tight-knit since they know each other. >> sure. they are connected. and i often have family ties. all the uncles and the nephews and the sun's going off to war together. but it's that family sort of thing that helps, again, the advantages. it is your home, your farm, so you are going to be that much more invested. and y

the stand taken recently by i the army chief._ we want the army chief.ant him to stop creating _ the army chief. translation: we want him to stop creating divisions _ the army chief. translation: we want him to stop creating divisions in - him to stop creating divisions in this country and to leave office. we want a civilian rule. we this country and to leave office. we want a civilian rule.— want a civilian rule. we are fed up with military _ want a civilian rule. we are fed up with military rule. _ want a civilian rule. we are fed up with military rule. we _ want a civilian rule. we are fed up with military rule. we have i want a civilian rule. we are fed up with military rule. we have had i with military rule. we have had enough — with military rule. we have had enough of— with military rule. we have had enough of them. they've done no good to any— enough of them. they've done no good to any arab— enough of them. they've done no good to any arab country. as enough of them. they've done no good to any arab country.— to any arab country. as you can see,

only 26% of army temperament army in the lower side of society. if you are a farmer, you can go, you served in your account as a militia. these were recent immigrants, servants, not the cream of the crop in one recent i think they need to be recovered notice as heroes in the war. i think i've dropped a portion of her question but i'll stop there. >> richard is in new york. good afternoon. >> thank you for taking my call. do you see any similarities medic committees on safety and expectant if you didn't support the cause and was going on today? >> i'm not sure what you have in mind in terms of shaming today, my tendency would be to compare not to today but what happened in the french revolution, one of the reasons it's so large a loyalist, 60 to 80000 that they weren't killed. if you refused to support the specific money and power, he went to the galaxy. so management was the third if you were a lawyer, your rights were not recognizing the way the tradition would have itld believed. there is no internet available in the 18th century the kind of sha

now, calmly is army operate people. it's called a state of siege in those eastern provinces for quite some months now. but the state to see to be likely by allegations of corruption. some people say is not effective because the budget has been stolen. but we'll be waiting to see if you've gotten an army can be any more effective in this fight. but certainly a lot of skepticism amongst certain people, especially in congress, if you've gotten his army, is really that, or if it's only there to, to see the adf, or if it has other agendas in eastern congo as well. all right, thank you so much welcome. web reporting from nairobi. the us x true state says any russian aggression in ukraine will trigger the serious consequences. anthony blinking is attending a mido of meeting if nato foreign ministers to discuss mobilization of russian troops on its border with ukraine. and he asked the tory actions of by russia would be of great concern to the united states as they would to lafayette and any renewed aggression would trigger ser

now we set up our army.s far as the chain of command is concerned, this is ultra important, follow the chain of command. all right. at the very top is the continental congress. they are supreme, the ones we answer to. it would be nice if they would supply us but we will work on that. going to advantages and disadvantages congress doesn't know what they are doing. they signed the declaration of independence but as far as their powers are concerned, extremely limited. we have our list, the second continental congress, print money but not raise taxes. this is where we start with the military complex. military answers to the government is the way it works. this is where it starts. the low hand is going to be your commanding general. who is that? george. who deserves his own holiday. awesome in so many ways. george gets the job in june of 75 but because he wears uniform of a meeting of the congress, looks the part he doesn't have the most stellar career as far as the military is concerned but he does have experie

in the american army they were. and the service of african-american continental army was the last time you had a genuinely integrated american military force until the korean war. so i feature billy lee in the book. billy is george washington's manservant and his with him the whole war. and washington freezing in his will. and on the other side was a man named harry washington who escapes from mount vernon serves with the british. and ends up being evacuated out of new york at the end of the war going to nova scotia and then eventually an interesting pattern but one black man serves the cause with the omcommander-in-chief. the other goes and pursues his own freedom but the british and eventually achieved it though what he gets he helps lead a movement , a resistance to britishrule claiming ironically there being taxed without their consent . but it's two different black men using different courses for the same reason. >> suppose we had lost the bwar, the americans have lost the war how would history be different bec

by lee's army. i mean, the were next to useless in terms of combat readiness. the only thing left on the 12th corps and the six core. the six core he needs as his reserve. the 12 core is needed to hold pokes hill or does that leave? at least two divisions of the second core holding cemetery ridge and each one of those divisions has already lost their brigade. so, what's holding that back door to the union position? really, not effectively, not much more than 3500 men. we're as francis lightfoot lee lee has an entire fresh, an sullied division, three big brigades of divergence, who can be supported by another division of troops that had already been in action. yes, james longstreet after the war -- and i emphasize after the war -- insisted that he had disagreed vehemently and told lee that this was the wrong thing to do. i rather strongly suspect that much of longstreet's protests that we got elaborated and embroidered as time went by after the war. especially after lee's death. i have the very stron

and this is more and all armies worldwide. but in reality, people say that your forces do not get the orders from the head of the army, but from you because i'm hanging. this is not true. i am the commander of that up to support forces. i received orders from the chief commander of armed forces, an intern id lay this order to that up, its support forces, and all is documented through official correspondence. general are ready to integrate your forces into the army as part of the security sector reform. and if so, how will that happen? and most importantly, when she will flood the form is an ongoing process. and we are part of the army. but these rumors are circulated by people with agendas. the latest political agreement spoke about with one unified national army. and the reform will entail all the branches, the army, and the rapid support forces, the police and security forces. we are marching ahead with reforms. in addition, that up it's about forces are not a unique phenomenon in sudan. many other countries have similar for