thatwhen he used's former in chief of the army air corps. of the army air corps. thatwhen he used to fly1er in chief of the army air corps. thatwhen he used to fly apache unit when he used to fly apache helicopters in afghan fryston. as for the duke of york, his two of his former army units have been passed to on the princess of wales and sophie, duchess of edinburgh. so kate's becomes commodore in chief of the fleet air arms. it's a nod, i think , air arms. it's a nod, i think, really, to her grandfather, kate's grandfather , who served kate's grandfather, who served in world war ii and actually flew alongside prince philip, the former duke of edinburgh in 1962. sophie duchess of edinburgh. she is going to become colonel in chief of the royal irish regiment. as i've already mentioned, three extra roles for prince william and princess catherine. kate is also going to be commander in chief, colonel in chief, even of the first queen's dragoon guards , first queen's dragoon guards, which is which is also known as the welsh cavalry. and charles

congress and lobby for change and legislation that would allow african-americans to join the army air corps. they flew from chicago to washington, d.c. in a two seater lincoln ptk biplane. it had a decade of wear and tear and was really brought to its breaking point. they had difficulty from the very start of the flight making it to washington, d.c.. it was fraught with mechanical issues, technical delays, but through all of that, they persevered. they refused to give up and they finally made it to washington, d.c.. while walking the halls of congress, they crossed paths with one senator. the senator was harry s. truman. after hearing about the flight and being shown the worn-out biplane that brought them from chicago, the senator from missouri, the show me state, told them, "if you guys have the guts to fly that thing to washington, i have the guts enough to see you get what you are asking for." true to his word, then senator truman wrote legislation to show training for all americans, free of bias, under the civilian pilot training program. by the end of that year, congress passed the new

staff of the army, which is the leader of the armed forces, of course, then and also included the army air corps, which became the army air forces, the war. and he was in charge of of the entire army national guard and regular army. he also was the pusher behind creating the joint chiefs of staff in their first meetings with the british, he saw the cooperation that was taking place the british chiefs of staff and wanted that same kind of organization in the united states. and so so that they created this this joint chiefs, which we'd never had before for better communication, cooperation. we are here in the library at the george c. marshall foundation with melissa davis, who is director of library and archives for the foundation. let's do a little bit of a tour inside this library, beginning with this table and this map. tell us what we're looking at. so this is a copy of the last core level d-day map in existence. it belonged to general leonard giraud, who graduated from vmi in 1911. he is in this picture on the left. he was the corps commander of omaha beach and is the copy of map that he carr

so william's becoming colonel in chief of the mercian regiment, as i said, army air corps's and the royalmmodore of raf valley. the queen is royal army chaplains department at the duke of edinburgh. princess royal, duke and duchess of gloucester. they have all got more military titles as well as for the duke of kent. another working royal. there are no new titles or responsibilities for him. he turns 88. can you believe it, in october? so as i said, it's the summer months, a bit quieter in terms of the royal diary. so the king is his time to do king is using his time to do a bit of housekeeping, but it's showing that down showing that slimmed down monarchy, patrick monarchy, isn't it, patrick getting everything bit more getting everything a bit more streamlined year ahead . streamlined for the year ahead. >> i'm a walker there are royal correspondent outside the wonderful buckingham palace and yes, the next hour, i will be yes, in the next hour, i will be talking about the prospects a talking about the prospects of a prince harry deportation, where they him to, they would deport him to, t

reshuffle sees prince william take command of harry's old army unit as colonel in chief of the army air corpsgiven three new roles, one of which is commodore in chief of the fleet air arm , a title previously held air arm, a title previously held by prince andrew. this is gb news across the uk on tv, in your car on digital radio, and on your smart speaker by simply saying play gb news now it's back over to tom and . ellie back over to tom and. ellie >> welcome to britain's newsroom with ellie and tom. the time is 10:07 at. >> and before we go into our top news stories this morning, we want to bring you some updates, of course, on these four days of strikes just announced or just enacted, rather, by junior doctors. the health secretary, steve barclay, has reaffirmed his pay offer that was set out really some months ago. now, as a final offer. and despite this, junior doctors are still pushing for an extraordinary 35% pay rise. we'll be digging into this more later in the programme. >> yeah, do let us know what you think about that story. vaiews@gbnews.com. we know that you will have an opinion

reshuffle sees prince william take command of harry's old army unit as colonel in chief of the army air corpse princess of wales has been given three new roles. one of which is commodore in chief of the fleet air arm. that's the title previously held by prince andrew. this is gb news across the uk on tv in your car, on digital radio and on your smart speaker by simply saying play . gb news. >> welcome to the anderson's real world. and tonight i'm joined by simon danczuk ex—labour mp. we've also got emma best, who today is our right in the corner. she's the deputy leader of the conservatives in london and sits on the assembly . conservatives in london and sits on the assembly. simon. on the london assembly. simon. good to here. is this time good to be here. is this time you back by popular demand .7 you back by popular demand? yeah. rwanda. yeah i saw recently that you'd been got married in rwanda to a lovely young lady out there. correct. so it begs the question, is rwanda a safe developing , decent country? >> absolutely . it's a really >> absolutely. it's a really decent country. it's one o

reshuffle sees prince william take command of harry's old army unit as colonel in chief of the army air corpse princess of wales has been given three new roles. one of which is commodore in chief of the fleet air arm. that's the title previously held by prince andrew. this is gb news across the uk on tv in your car, on digital radio and on your smart speaker by simply saying play . gb news. >> welcome to the anderson's real world. and tonight i'm joined by simon danczuk ex—labour mp. we've also got emma best, who today is our right in the corner. she's the deputy leader of the conservatives in london and sits on the assembly . conservatives in london and sits on the assembly. simon. on the london assembly. simon. good to here. is this time good to be here. is this time you back by popular demand .7 you back by popular demand? yeah. rwanda. yeah i saw recently that you'd been got married in rwanda to a lovely young lady out there. correct. so it begs the question, is rwanda a safe developing , decent country? >> absolutely . it's a really >> absolutely. it's a really decent country. it's one o

reshuffle sees prince william take command of harry's old army unit as colonel in chief of the army air corpsthe princess of wales has been given three new roles, one of which is commodore in chief of the fleet air arm . that's the fleet air arm. that's a title previously held by prince andrew. this is gb news across the uk on tv in your car, on digital radio and on your smart speaker by simply saying play gb news now it's over to . michelle news now it's over to. michelle >> thanks for that. tatiana michelle dewberry with you until 7:00 tonight alongside me, a face that i've not seen for a while. so i welcome back warmly baroness claire fox, the director of the academy of ideas , and paul embry, a firefighter and trade unionist. welcome to both of you. thank you . both of you. thank you. obviously, the ongoing conversation about your facial hair never goes away. whenever we see you, it's a very hot topic of conversation. he divides opinion , claire, about divides opinion, claire, about whether not facial hair is whether or not facial hair is a good thing for paul. >> i should a poll. we shou

in order to the south were a company from each of the service academies, from army, marine corps, navy, air force and coast guard and a composite company of service women, army national guard, air force reserve and coastit guard reserve, completing lined on southern end were representatives from 8 different veterans organizations. the procession moved along delaware avenue, hundreds, including thess press gathered attest front of the capitol awaiting the movement of mr. hoover's casket to capital as main stairs of capital were closed for the constructiontion of the platform. this would take place 1964 an election year, inaugural would be early in 65. more of the funeral procession town delaware avenue, and a word briefly aboutst black jack who followed caisson. a comparison horse, is a longstanding practice of having a horse of a deceased military officer or leader, in a funeral procession. black jack carried an empty saddle, sabre and boots reversed stir ups, he was a spirited gain hand black gelding named are in generalac black jack pershing. they fired a 21 gun salute. as caisson crossed

air force. general counsel sparks, veteran of the early aviation section of the army's signal corps, and distinguished for his record, both world wars. they becomes the first chief of staff of, the united states air force. a year or so after world war two, there were more than 300,000 of us in the air force. and now we had a uniform, our own. we used to be in the army. now we had a new look. and there were about 4000 of us left to. some of us used to be wacs in the army air forces, and a lot us joined up after the air force, a separate service. and. in october 1947, admiral test center in california history was made by this aircraft, the exact one and its pilot captain, charles yeager. this airplane and this pilot are about to be the first ever to fly faster than the speed of sound in level flight. of a b-29 will take the ax at 1:00 and launch her an altitude of about 35,000 feet. the x-1 is not a military aircraft, but a flying research laboratory designed to test the effects of supersonic flight upon airplane. it is powered by four rocket engines. its weight empty is less than £5,000, but it carries

army, navy, air force, marine corps. what we found is veterans of the marine corps showed higher for -- higher support for black nationalist, proud boys, and antifa. which means if you look at support for any of these groups, the veterans and marine corps are twice as likely to show support for one or more of these groups than the army, air force, or navy veterans. we also break down branch of service support for the specific ideologies and beliefs. and again here, we saw marine corps veterans showed higher support for political violence. and that true patriots may have resort to violence to save our country and higher support for the great replacement theory which is there is a conspiracy to replace nativeborn americans. both marine corps and air force veterans showed higher support for the qanon narrative of satan worshiping pedophiles running the country. the marine corps shows some increased support for both ideology and theory. we can talk a little bit during q&a about reasons for that. we also looked at overlap in

at the time of the collapse of the three combined armies and two tank armies, air defense and missile armies, as well as one army corps are stationed in us. there is also a nuclear arsenal and ships of the black sea fleet, the number of servicemen is almost 800,000 people, and the total staff of the armed forces, including civilian specialties, is almost 1 million people. but i imagined that the most important thing here is to take over the management of this group, a huge group, three military districts and the black sea fleet. the management was carried out in a very organized and extremely conservative manner for many decades from the naval year of 1992, the ukrainian army is rapidly decreasing in number, the arrival of viktor yanukovych to the post of president in 2010 only accelerates the collapse of the armed forces by the end of 2013 in ukraine there are only about 120,000 military personnel, and the conscription for military service is canceled in general, the improvement of the management system and the transition to an interspecies aggregation structure, the military reform also provides for the transformati

a company from the army and marine corps, navy, air force and coast guard and composite company of servicewomen. the army national guard, air force reserve and coast guard reserve including the line at the southern end, were representatives from 8 different veterans organizations. as the position moved along delaware avenue, hundreds including the press gathered at the east side of the capital awaiting the movement of mr. hoover's casket into the capital by way of the senate staircase as the main stairs of the capital were closed for construction of the inaugural platform, 1964 being an election year, the inaugural would be early in 65. you see more of the funeral procession moving down delaware avenue past the blocks of escort troops and a word briefly about blackjack, who followed the case on bearing president hoover's casket. comparison hearse, a long-standing practice, having a horse of a deceased military officer or leader in a funeral procession. blackjack carried an empty saddle, saber and boots reversed in stirrups, blackjack appeared in president john kennedy's funeral 11 months earlie

duties to help help the king i mean, the fact that william has become colonel in chief of the army air corps i mean , that is an significant. i mean, that is an organisation that you would have expected prince harry to have been the colonel in chief because he served with the 662 squadron apache helicopter. and dunng squadron apache helicopter. and during two tours of afghanistan . but of course, harry lost out on his military association is when he and meghan decided to up sticks and leave for america and mean and william, of course, is also become um a i think patron of raf valley where he served as a, a rescue pilot , of raf valley where he served as a, a rescue pilot, um, of raf valley where he served as a, a rescue pilot , um, when he a, a rescue pilot, um, when he was in the air forces. so yes , was in the air forces. so yes, but the big thing is the fact that , you know, prince andrew's that, you know, prince andrew's had another kick in the teeth basically because he's he's been demoted again most of his patronages don't want him anywhere near charles. >> i'm terribly sorry that i ha

army marine corps. maybe coast guard. the servicewomen army national guard air force reserve and they were representatives from a different organizations. as the procession moved along delaware avenue, hundreds gathered of these front of the capital by way of the senate their case as the main stairs of the capital were closed for the construction of the platform which would take place 1964 beingru election-year in our grp would be early in 65 so you see the funeral session past the troops. comparison horse's long-standing practice of having a horse of deceased military officer or leader and funeral procession. blackjacks carried an empty saddle and it was 11 months earlier. blackjacks was a spirited name for blackjack general jack blackjack. leading the case on from union station, the third fired 21 gun salute and crossover avenue and 48 air force plane cost overhead. when they entered the east plaza, troops continued on out of the area. they took their positions at the foot at 2:30 p.m. they held to the chief and removed the casket up the steps into the capital. hundreds watched from a distance. there is f the casket wit

william is going to become colonel in chief of the mercian regiment and the army air corps and the royaln, camilla, she is becoming patron of the royal army chaplains department , the duke of department, the duke of edinburgh, the princess royal, princess anne and the duke and duchess of gloucester. duke of gloucester , of course, being the gloucester, of course, being the late queen's cousin . they are late queen's cousin. they are all being given more military roles. but as for another working member of the royal family, the duke of kent, he is turning 88 in october. so no new or further responsibilities for him. but this is, i think, the king using the summer months for a bit of as i said, post—recession housekeeping and really emphasising who he sees as working members of the royal family, the key players in this firm. and it's another sign of things starting to slim down and be more streamlined. >> i think a lot of people watching might think this is all a bit anachronistic, isn't it? now i mean, making somebody like the princess of wales, a colonel in chief or something like that,

army corps of engineers. and she suggests that you should plant cherry trees along the potomac. and they listen to her. they heard her out and then they ignored her. these were army corps of engineers, air officials. they had been trained at west point. they were very convention know in their ideas of what the landscaping should be for a public park and it didn't include cherry trees. these were exotic, you know. so eliza kept at it and she tried probably at least three times over the years, over a period of 20 years. finally, the break came in 1909, when mrs. taft came to the white house. so helen taft and william howard taft were very interested in the development of potomac park. by this point, the land had been filled in and they're starting to develop the park. they were quite advocate cuts of this project because they both believed in the idea of having a large, beautiful park for public recreation. so, mrs. taft, who had been trained as a musician, decided she was going to build a bandstand down along the river and that it would be a place for public concerts and that it with people from all walks of life around the city, could come there and enjoy the music. well, this sounded a

each c of the serve academies accompanied from the army marine corp., navy and coast guard and composite company of servicewomen and army national guard, airorce reserves and coast guard reserve completing the line at the southern end more representatives from eight different veteran organizations. as the procession moved along delaware avenue.iz hundreds including the press gathered at the east of the capitol awaiting his casket into the capitol by way of the senate staircase as the main stairs of the capitol were closed for the construction of the platform, that would take place of 1964 being an election year and inaugural would be early in '65. there's more of the funeral procession moving down delaware avenue and past the block of escort troops. and blackjack that followed him during president hoover's casket and a comparison horse is a long standing practice of having a horse of a deceased military officer or leader in a funeral procession. blackjack carried a sad and will empty boots and appeared in president john kennedy's funeral 11 months earlier. blackjack was a very spirited name for gelding general blackjack pesing and when it

well as a broken ammunition depot and the forward command post of the 10th army corps of the armed forces. donetsk direction by air strikes by artillery fire, heavy flamethrower systems and units of the group east troops repelled two attacks by assault groups of the armed forces of ukraine in the area of ​​​​the settlement of the harvest of the donetsk people's republic, the enemy's losses amounted to more than 130 ukrainian servicemen , one tank, three armored combat vehicles, as well as a radiation counter-battery counter- battery station made in the usa, hit 29 drones , some of them over water areas of the black sea. in primorye, more than 600 people were evacuated from flood-prone areas to temporary accommodation centers. in total, you suffered 65, settlements flood caused typhoon hanun. he came to the region 2 days ago, more than a month's rain fell norman, seven multi-apartment and more than 700 private houses were flooded in 15 municipalities, there is an emergency regime in ussuriysk, one of the largest settlements in the region, a dam broke through, water rushed into the city due to drowning at the city m

support for any of these roofs, veterans of the marine corps are twice as likely to show support for one or more of these groups then the army, air force, or navy veterans. we also break down branch of service support for the specific ideologies and beliefs. again, marine corps veterans showed higher support for political violence. in the true patriots may have to resort to violence. and higher support for the great replacement theory which is there is a can searcy -- there is a conspiracy to replace nativeborn americans. marine corps -- but then air force showed higher results for the qanon conspiracy. marine corps shows some increased support for both ideology and theory. we can talk a little bit during q&a about reasons for that. we also looked at overlap in support for specific groups and endorsement of political violence. the reason is particularly concerning to see a law of importance. the good news is the degree of overlap and supporting the need for taking up arms against the country to support specific groups was pretty mild. it is a couple ways of looking at it. the overlap was great for antifa and the proud boys. but i

plus really in order for it to be really annoying, a large army corps of 40,000 people is needed, that’s 40, and i also want some kind of airover. and from the point of view of the counter- insurgency, we can’t dispose of our excess troops in this way. from time to time , one has to read enemy propaganda publications, in particular, units of one or another enemy, and so, look, look, for today, our gunners are in our direction, mr. colonel, in our studio

air. behind over the past week in the zone of responsibility of the luhansk severodonetsk army corps, the enemy has made more than thirty attempts to attack and seize the territory of the luhansk people's republic, so in the area of ​​birch bark crossing up to 14 times the enemy has attempted to break through, while losing at least 150 militants killed in the area of ​​novodruzhes-e , grigorovka, the enemy tried to break through 11 times. uh, his loss amounted to up to 100 people killed in the ivan daryevka wolf area. our troops repelled five the attacks and losses of the enemy amounted to 40 people, killed and wounded. in addition, thanks to the confident actions of the artillerymen in cooperation with the unmanned aerial vehicles of the second army corps , more than 20 units were detected and destroyed. artillery is exactly their dish, including one self-propelled artillery mount five armored combat vehicles up to eight vehicles five field depots with ammunition, organized work of electronic warfare specialists and troops air defense allowed to keep the sky intact. republic , having rep

army corps of engineers, the us coast guard are all assisting with recovery efforts in from those wildfires in maui. no active duty forces are involved yet. so far, 250 hawaii army national guard and airs are assisting recovery operations. army national guard helicopters have dropped more than 189,000 gallons of water on the wildfires. the army corps of engineers has sent debris removal teams and power experts and the army reserve has provided space to collect and distribute supplies. the governor of hawaii estimates the damage from the fires is around $6 million. and right now there are a lot of volunteers stepping up from many different places, looking for ways to help. i feel i have to do whatever i can. i'm here. my brothers and sisters are over there suffering. i have to do something. tour boats loaded with supplies are making runs from kihei to lahaina several times a day. local volunteers are collecting donations, including water, propane tanks, fuel, baby supplies. members of the nonprofit ariel recovery also arrived on the island this week to help in search and rescue and to provide medical assistance. this florida nonprofit is doing its part to help the victims of the wildfi

air of the fifth studio temporarily. over the past week, in the zone of responsibility of the lugansk severodonetsk army corps , the enemy made more than thirty attempts to attack and seize the territory of the luhansk people's republic, so in the area of ​​birch bark crossing up to 14 times the enemy made attempts breakthrough, while, having lost at least 150 militants killed in the novodruzhes-e, grigorovka sector, the enemy tried break through 11 times. uh, his losses amounted to 100 people killed in the ivan daryevka wolf area. our troops repulsed five attacks and the enemy's losses amounted to 40 people, killed and wounded. in addition, thanks to the confident actions of the artillerymen in cooperation with the unmanned aerial vehicles of the second army corps , more than 20 units were detected and destroyed. artillery them exactly the dish, including one self-propelled artillery slave five armored fighting vehicles up to eight units five field warehouses with ammunition, the organized work of electronic warfare specialists and air defense troops made it possible to leave the sky inviolable. republic having repelled

. ♪ >> the united states army ♪ ♪ coast guard ♪ ♪ >> the united states air force ♪ ♪ >> the united states state course. >> and now united states marine corpsundation of all the iconic monuments in our nations capital at the vietnam veterans memorial at the marine corps memorial and the air force memorial, and your honor those replaced today toal salute you n the vietnam veterans day. [applause] >> if you are enjoying and making history tv sign up for the newsletter using the qr code on the screen to receive the weekly schedule of upcoming programs, lectures and history, the presidency and more. set up for american history newsletter today and be sure to watch american history tv every saturday or anytime online at c-span.org/history. saturdays on c-span2 exploit the people of the events, at 7:00 p.m. eastern best-selling author david grant shares his book the wager about the mid-18 century mutiny before the british naval ship off the coast of south america and the court-martial that followed. at 1030. under p.m. eastern south dakota kristi noem on calvin coleridge and the lessons from separate politics, exploring the american story, watchi

army. ♪♪ [cheering and applauding] ♪♪ united states navy. ♪♪ ♪♪ >> coast guard. ♪♪ united states air force. ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ and now united states marine corps. ♪♪ ♪o salute you n national vietnam war veterans the. [applause] ♪♪ >> since 1979 in partnership with the cable industry c-span provided complete coverage of the halls of congress from the house and senate floors to congressional hearings, briefings and committee meetings, c-span is

army. >> [applause] >> ♪ ♪ ♪ >> the united states navy. >> ♪ ♪ ♪ >> the coast guard. >> ♪ ♪ ♪ >> the united states air force. >> ♪ ♪ ♪ >> -- >> ♪ ♪ ♪ >> the united states marine corps.orial, the navy memorial -- in your honor, those wreaths were placed today to salute you on national vietnam war veterans day. >> [applause] >> if you are enjoying american history tv, sign up for our newsletter using the qr code on your screen to enjoy weekly programs like -- sign up for the american history tv newsletter today and be sure to watch american history tv every saturday or anytime online at c-span dot org. >> weekends on c-span two are an intellectual feast. every saturday, american history tv documents america story. on sunday, book tv brings you the latest in nonfiction books and authors. funding for c-span two comes from these television companies and more. >> -- hi! >> friends don't have to be.

army speaks. for. itself. that is 80. two. the coast guard sometimes. sometimes. i. the united states air force. and united states space. have. guys are always so close. and. so. so. and. the united states marine corps corps. about to this. outstanding. major general, i'll leave you with one quick note before jim jim byron back. you should know across the country, the richard place at af the vietnam veterans memorial, at the marine corps memorial, at the air force memorial, navy were today to salute you on national vietnam war veterans day. good evening. my name is jane campbell and as president ceo of the united states capitol historical society, i have the honor of serving as the master of ceremonies for this event. i want to acknowledge that several of my board members are here, i have to be especially nice to them. they are my bosses. don carlson, my board chair, sean perry giles who else is here from the board way your hand. thank you very

army and they see that is in the air. it's not anchored to anything. now, the man oh, howard, was in charge of the 11th corps believes think that he really is anchored in those woods that nobody can get through. but what basically happens in this battle is just by two miles, two and a half miles in front of the union. stonewall jackson moves troops around and smashes into to the end. the right flank of the of the union position. and it's what they talk about in naval parlance, crossing the t you know, this is what happens. and he rolls up the 11th corps under under howard for about two miles. but here's where i think we begin to have a little confusion because people when they look at the battle say that's it, it's all over stonewall made the thing. everything's fine and lee has won the battle. but there's a great deal more to this that has to happen. this thing that jim was talking about and again without getting into too much detail. but but you have to say ids of the of the confederate army and they're separated by nine miles. they've got to come back together or hooker as jim said, can into the one and s

army speaks. for. itself. that is 80. two. the coast guard sometimes. sometimes. i. the united states air force. and united states space. have. guys are always so close. and. so. so. and. the united states marine corps corps. about to this. outstanding. major general, i'll leave you with one quick note before jim jim byron back. you should know across the country, the richard nixon foundation has place at all of the iconic monuments in our nation's capital at the vietnam veterans memorial, at the marine corps memorial, at the air force memorial, navy memorial. in your honor, those rights were today to salute you on national vietnam war veterans day.

then, of the marine corps, marched on the broad afaneh, which today is the parade ground for every branch of the army services. ♪ ♪ ♪ the 82 as the flying -- leave one of the greatest airs and all. the imd $36 flies overhead. ♪ ♪ ♪ the parade includes not only the military, but in the panorama of american life. president trump's state of missouri has several displace. one of them, a wagon drawn by mystery bowl. other floats depicted -- scenery of the various states. this is kentucky's. the vice president's home state. the state of texas looked moves down the avenue. (inaudible) but the streets of columbia this place reproductions of the capital and the washington monument. the massachusetts special float, honoring the early american settlers, who landed on the shores of that stage. the figure of uncle sam drives down the avenue. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ (inaudible) labor and fraternal organizations representing millions of their members from all over the country, participate in the inaugural festivities. the fine music of more than 40 pants, and many drum and bugle corps. ♪ ♪ ♪ near the white house, the excitement looms as the chief executive approach or. decker -- as he prepares t

corps. the department of the air force includes the space force, which is tiny but still expensive given the satellites. the army used to be our biggest budget service when it was bigger and very active in iraq and afghanistan. it has now become the smallest of the big three departments and a lot of activities have been shared across the defense space and represent almost $150 billion worth of spending. finally, if you are wondering, how do we spend, this is the breakdown on the -- title. we spent about three to $30 billion on operations and maintenance. the reason the 23 number is higher is that it included a lot of ukraine money. 3:30 is closer to what it was next year. there has been a valuation acquiring new weaponry. about $300 billion in investment for the future, 300 billion of operations which include civilian salaries but also equipment repair, training, recruiting, many other things. finally, almost $200 billion is for the men and women of the all volunteer force. now i would like to -- enclosing of this part of the conversation, setting the stage for the conversation that will follow. i would like you