very quickly not only to summarize but take what was the morally uplifting set of comments by arthur brooks that they're not for the most part morally uplifting and elevating. at though local bubble total spending in there are 11 states that spent more on corrections than higher education. look at us in comparison to other countries, the united states is second >> >> the impact of mass incarceration has now spread evenly across the population. although blacks and hispanics represent 30 percent of the population comprising over 50 percent of the incarcerated population because they dwarf the rates 3.five times larger than the whites. a large body of research has tried to look carefully at the causal role that race plays and finds that for similar sentences black and hispanics to be likely sought stopped and searched and convicted and rested to harsher penalties even controlling for defending characteristics prosecutors are 75% more likely to charge black defendants with offenses that carry mandatory minimums. also disproportionately concentrated with individuals of high rates of mental illne

so far that i thank you and would you like for you to welcome arthur brooks who are is the president of aei who will come up and give a few remarks. thank you very much, everybody. [ applause ] >> thank so much, valerie. what an honor it is for me and my colleagues from aei to be here and participate in this event. thank you to the white house for hosting and the brennan center for being involve the with this as well. aei is a think tank in washington and my colleague are dedicated to human dignity and human potential. and there are relatively few subjects that scream out more than what is on hand here today. there are going to be a lot of facts you're hearing from the panel. i'll ask you to consider three. the first is that only a third of america's incarcerated have any access to vocational or educational programs while in prison. thus leaving them entirely ub prepared for life after prison. the fact is that about half of the incarcerated are functionally ill litter sat. the third follows from the first two facts is that 60% to 70% of all parolies end up back in prison within the f

and arthur brooks, those of us who work on think tank row, we look for authors who have moral compass and thanks to all you did. >> thank you. please watch for more conversations on this incredibly important topic. >> we will have ongoing functions about helping people earn what they deserve. this is the ultimate goal of the center. >> as this comes to a close, the u.s. senate is about to gavel in following the week's break for spring. they will offer speeches until five and then work on a bill to combat the threat of corporate trade secrets with a final vote expected at 5:30 live eastern. now we take you to live coverage of the u.s. senate here on c-span2:

what we do for a living to solve actualize with that earned success arthur brooks talks about. and they all talk about happiness like what do we need? if i were to ask you are you an artist? teacher? writer or a policy analyst? that is what we're doing with our lives. and if we agree it is how we earn our way then what does that system will like a those parameters? so that is the underlying philosophy there are plenty of charts for the policy wonks also a deeply philosophical thought. what we found out is to put people in that position that it is risky to go to work. so it is strict and hard to deal with. so when you hear that people are working the problem is they are told they can work a few hours a week gore a month. a lot of people were tripped up over the rules. but then they left them in a position so though whole psychology the value of the programs becomes greater. so for example, the director of health and human services and did an example of a woman in this position and what it would look like. and then to live in the suburbs getting cash, food stamps, additional food

arthur with ou brooks that we should talk about not wasting lives. in order to get there, we need to make sure that what the federal does makes sense and is backed by evidence. unfortunately that is a broader phenomenon. bringingistration is better evidence to bear around a whole array of federal policies, but they're still case that far too little of what we do actually makes sense or is backed by specific evidence that it works. that definitely applies to criminal justice. it is very rare in academic literature to find not an 80-20, but a 100-0 type of situation, which is what applies to the way we have gone about trying to deter crime. effectively what the evidence strongly suggests is that the severity of punishment matters much less than it certainty and we put much too much evidence on the length of prison sentences and much too little on providing certainty. that should not be surprising to us. behavioral economics suggests something that happened 1520 years from now -- 15-20 years from now will affect something much lesser than something that

really essential to human happiness, what we do to self-actualize, to get that earned success that arthur brooks talks about. and scholars from aristotle to socrates and on have all talked about happiness, and they all look at what do we need. and we all know, probably the first question i would ask you is what do you do, right? are you an artist, are you a teacher, are you a writer, are you a policy analyst, and that's how we identify who we are and what we are doing with our lives. and so if we agree that we have the right to pursue happiness and if we agree that happiness is tied up with what we do for a living and how we earn our way, then what does a welfare system look like under those parameters? does it help people be happy, or does it not? so that was, basically, the underlying philosophy be hind this book. so, yes, there's a lot of policy analysis in there. there's plenty of charts for policy wonks and all that kind of stuff, but it's also a deeply philosophical thought and idea that we wanted to address. so what we found out when we started looking at welfare programs is that they act

more progressive organization and the speakers will include, again, doug, but also people like arthur brooks lobe from one side of the biit and you'll be hearing the business case. first of all, wrouyou know, firf all, making sentences increasingly longer has rapidly diminishing returns in terms of deterring aim careen in terms of keeping someone off the street from committing crimes because older people are much less likely to commit those crimes. at the same time, it can have substantial collateral damage. reducing the skills someone has and thus the ability to get a job when they come out which can actually lead to more recidivism and more crime. having a devastating impact on the family of the person, on their children and their economic mobility and economic future. and if you just do without even counting those collateral benefits, council of economic advisers is shortly going to be coming out with a report on this topic and the report finds that if you increase spend -- among other things if you increase spending, incar ration by $10 billion a year would result to net benefits to soci

progressive organization and the speakers will include again, doug klos egan but also people like arthur brooks and diane loeb from one side of the spectrum and you will be hearing the business and economic case. the issues that a range of researchers found is that first of all, making sentences increasingly longer has rapidly diminishing returns in terms of deterring crime and also in terms of keeping someone off the street from committing crimes because older people are much less likely to commit those crimes. at the same time, it can have substantial collateral damage, reducing the skill someone has and us the ability to get a job when they come out which can actually lead to more recidivism and more crime . having a devastating impact on the family of the person , on their children and their economic mobility and economic future. and if you just do , without even counting those collateral benefits, the council of economic advisers is surely going to be coming out with a report on that topic and the report finds that if you increase spending on incarceration by $10 billion a year , that woul

and arthur brooks. of those of us who work here on think tank row, we look upon arthur as our moral compass, especially with your new book. thanks for all you've done. arthur. >> please watch this space for more conversations on this incredibly important topic. i'm sure the most newsworthy items is the nomination by -- [ laughter ] >> we'll have a conversation about what it means to have policy and help people earn their success, which is on which this entire discussion is centered. i thank all of you on behalf of all of us. >>> campaign 2016 continues today with the wisconsin primary. tune in for complete election results, candidate speeches and viewer reaction. takes you on the road to the white house on c-span, c-span radio and c-span.org. >> american history tv. this weekend on lectures and history. >> old kinds of obstacles falling by the wayside. lincoln has decided when the time is right, he will enact a new aim for a war effort that would add to the union human freedom. >> at 10:00 on "reel ameri

and arthur brooks. those of us who work here on think tank row, we look upon arthur as our moral compass, especially with your new book. thanks for all you've done. arthur. >> thank you, walter, and thank all of you. please watch this space for more conversations on this incredibly important topic. i'm sure the most newsworthy items is the nomination by -- [ laughter ] >> we'll have a conversation about what it means to have policy and help people earn their success, which is the moral compass on which this entire discussion is centered. i thank all of you on behalf of all of us. >>> nato secretary-general jens stoltenberg is in washington, d.c., today to talk about challenges the alliance is facinging. c-span will have live coverage of his remarks at 4:00 eastern as he outlines nato priorities for his warsaw summit this summer. >>> we're also live at 6:00 eastern when hillary clinton holds a rally in pittsburgh. pennsylvania holds its rally on april 26th. >>> also, donald trump is campaigning today in n

nyu which is a more progressive organization, speakers will include doug but also people like arthur brooksu will be hearing the business the issue thatse a range of researchers found is that first of all, making has rapidlynger diminishing returns in terms of deterring crime and keeping someone off the street from committing crimes because they are less likely to commit those crimes. at the same time, it could have lead to morecould recidivism and more crime. having a devastating impact on the person and the children and their economic mobility and .conomic future if you just do without counting those benefits, they will be coming out with a report on the topic and the report finds if you increase spending on incarceration by $10 billion a year, that would result in net benefits to society that range from negative $8 billion to positive $1 billion. in contrast, increased spending on police, increased wages through a higher minimum wage, increased education all have positive net benefits in terms of their impact on crime reduction. >> can you give me a percent of gdp ? mr. furman: i don't h

arthur brooks said recently at the american enterprise institute, the doe fund is an extraordinary success, not just because of its numbers -- it does have lower criminal recidivism and higher work attachment than virtually any other program for the homeless in new york, but because it specializes in taking care of some of the most difficult members of our society. the hardest cases and that's what impressed representative tipton and i on our visit last week. my friend from nevada was talking about mentoring and that is so essential in my view to the idea of educational attainment because truly if the best program to end poverty is a good job, we've got to stop the horrendous dropout rates that we have. we got to have people that have the kind of mentoring they are not getting potentially from their family or in their school system only to be able to stay in school and think ahead about their future, to have aspirations for their future and if we can close that gap of staying in school, we can close that learning gap as well. some programs in my district that have impressed me in this rega

is a center think tank and the nyu is a more at progressive organization, and include doug, ll arthur brooksdan lowe, from one side of the spectrum, and you'll be hearing the business and economic case. the issues that a range of that, ch has found is first of all, you know, making sentences increasingly longer rapidly diminishing returns in terms of deterring crime. and also in terms of keeping someone off the street from committing crimes because older to le are much less likely commit those crimes. t the same time, it can have substantial collateral damage, reducing the skill someone has, and the ability to get a job when they come out, which can lead to more recidivism and more crime. having a devastating impact on the family of the person on children, and their conomic mobility, and economic future. do, without st counting the collateral enefits, council on economic advisors will shortly be coming out with a report on epic and finds, among other things, if you increase spending billion aration by 10 year, that would result in net benefit to society that range from negative 8 billion to