and by the way, he served a few months longer than arthur goldberg. and in that case, richard nixon appointed harry blackman to the court, so it was a protestant which ended the tradition of a so-called jewish seat. now, it would take 24 years before another jew would be appointed to the court. in -- well, in the interim -- i'm trying to think who reagan nominated. >> many people. >> yeah, many people. yes! many people. but after robert -- oh, another ginsberg, douglas ginsburg, who had to withdraw his candidacy when it was revealed that he had smoked marijuana not only while a law student but also while a law professor at harvard. anyway -- >> shocking no one, but scandalizing the political establishment. >> and especially the reagan family and reagan's advisers. so, you wait a few more years. in 1994, bill clinton appoints ruth bader ginsburg to the court. and a year later, stephen breyer to the court. these were the only supreme court appointments that bill clinton had. he appointed two jews. ruth bader ginsburg -- now, none of these -- they and el

kennedy then appoints arthur goldberg to succeed frankfurt. arthur goldberg is the only one of the eight jewish justices to have served in the cabinet before. he was probably the best known labor negotiator in the country. he had negotiated the merger of the aflcio and president kennedy appointed him secretary of labor, and he served the shortest tenure, less than three years on the court because -- >> we're going to come back to this for sure. >> lbj persuaded him to live a lifetime position and he lived until 1991 to accept a position at the pleasure of the nation as ambassador of the united nations during which he had a falling out with lbj and he was out in two and a half years. >> so he's out and who's in? >> lbj's closest political adviser for many years, and if i could just -- the genesis of their friendship, if i could do it in a minute or two. >> are we going to talk about landslide lyndon? >> landslide lyndon. >> this is great. this is a great story. 1948, fortis and lyndon johnson had met in the new deal. fortis, was a new-deal lawy

arthur goldberg served. in 2012 they launched a series of conversations and the supreme court justices of the united states jail law pro fesser leaders this discussion and the impocket on the american people. those are available. now let's get to tonight's program so we can learn more about the supreme court justices. please welcome of greater washington. [ applause [ applause ] >> thank you. good evening everyone and welcome. i am delighted on behalf of the jewish historical society to thank the national archives especially susan who partnered with us for this annual program to commemorate. we also want to thank a supreme court historical society and its staff for joining us in tonight's program. a special thank you to a long time friend who first suggested they come to us as a speaker and help us connect with both dr. dalin, what a pair for tonight. i want to welcome frank gilbert, a past president of the jewish historical society. thanks to his generosity the society is fortunate enough to have justice's

foot note, who reads footnotes. [ laughter ] >> arthur goldberg told me that years ago. said don't write anything in a foot note if you want anybody to read it. in any case, i thought maybe they hadn't. then i got the transcript for the -- of the oral argument and charlie horseki, some of us know that name. he was representing the japanese american defense league and he said to the judges, go read the foot note. that foot note denies that there is any basis to this whatsoever. and it did. and it did. so they had read it. what were they thinking? my guess, my guess is they were thinking cicero. and while it was a guess, i later met someone who -- i hadn't got then source, he got the source of the conference and he said black walked into this conference, and he said, well, somebody has to run this war. it is either us, or it's roosevelt and we can't. and so we better let roosevelt do it. and that was the argument. you read the opinions and you see if you don't think i think it was the argument. i think that is what did it. by the way the only one who has it 100% right in d

went onto clerk for justice arthur goldberg, this court. he serve said with great distinction in the justice department, served as chief counsel to the judiciary at some point and served in similar roles. he's taught at harvard law school in the harvard kennedy school of government, at the college of law in sydney australia and the university of rome. in 1980 president catter appointed justice breyer for the first circuit and he was the chief judge there from 1990 to 1994. and then in 1994 president clinton nominated him as an associate justice of the supreme court to succeed justice blackman. he took his seat on august 3, 1994. he has also been a prolific writer, not just of judicial opinions. many books, wonderful articles on a very wide range of important legal subjects. both domestic and international. his most recent book, "the court and the world" was published last september. in a nutshell in my view and i'm sure you'll agree with me, justice breyer's career is powerful evidence of the unduring contributions that a single individual

he went on to clerk for justice arthur goldberg. he served this court with great distinction in the justice ser the senate judiciary committee at one point and served in other similar roles during that period of his career. he has taught at harvard law school at the harvard kennedy school of government, at the college of law in sydney, australia, and at the university of rome. in 1980, president carter appointed justice breyer to the court of appeals first circuit and chief judge from 1990 to 1994. then in 1994 president clinton nominated him as an associate justice of the supreme court to succeed justice blackman he took his seat on august 3, 1994. he's also been a prolific writer, not just of judicial opinions. many books, wonderful articles on a very wide range of legal subjects both domestic and international. his most recent book published last september. in a nutshell, in my view and i'm sure that you will agree with me, justice breyer's career is powerful evidence of the enduring contributions that a single individual can mak

arthur goldberg, united steel workers of general council. the brotherhood of local firemen and engine and the order of railway conductors. so who in that list do you want to comment on? >> well, it's a stellar list. you've got some of the great lawyers of that generation. solicitor general of the united states before this. >> he argued one of our earlier cases. >> yes. and he's going to argue another case you're going to be talking about very soon, brown. davis is one of the great lawyers, of course, of his generation. also we find with davis the steel industry had had multiple lawyers. and they realize having multiple lawyers isn't helping them. so they get davis. he's thought to be a really excellent advocate in the case. to some extent over shadowing the first jewish solicitor of the united states and is acting attorney general at the time. and of course gold brg has a very short argument in the case later. >> one of our viewers who's watching tweeted tom curry, a journalist we know well, he tweets about a davis won only 29% of the popula

in the 1960s justice arthur goldberg served on the archivist advisory council. including associate justice steven breyer, clarence thomas. yale law professor and constitutional scholar leads the discussion related to the constitution and the their impact of the american people. and those are available on youtube or ustream. now let's get to tonight's program. please welcome to the podium justice smith of the greater historical society of washington. [ applause ] >> thank you. good evening, everyone. and welcome. i am delighted of on behalf of the jewish historical society to thank the national archives especially susan clifton for partnering with us on this annual program. we also want to thank the supreme court historical society and its staff for joining us in tonight's program. and a special thank you to dr. arnoeld, arnold, a long time friend who first suggested dr. dallen first come to us as a speaker. what a pair tonight. i want to welcome frank gilbert, a past president of the jewish historical society who's also the grandson of justice lewis grandice. th

they were replaced respectively by byron white and arthur goldberg. without those two changes there's no way the court at that particular time would have embraced one particular vote. there were votes sweeping of the standard. >> this was by no means universally hailed. in fact, members of congress who were opposed to it immediately sought legislative actions. what happened? >> this is to me one of the most interesting parts of the story and one i knew absolutely nothing about prior to this. but beginning that day there were a whole series of bills and resolutions in the house and senate to try to overturn the decision one way or another to strip the supreme court of all jurisdiction and anything having to do with reapportionment. there were efforts to write a constitution amendment, pass a constitutional amendment which eventually all these districts came together and tried to make this happen, the senate republican leader from illinois, proposed amendment sort of three years in a row which essentially would have allowed legislatures to adopt the pla

arthur goldberg, a name familiar to some in history, united steel workers of general council.ttorneys for the brotherhood of local nomotive engineers. the brotherhood of local firemen and engine and the order of railway conductors. so who in that list do you want to comment on? >> well, it's a stellar list. you've got some of the great lawyers of that generation. beginning of course with john davis, who's famous for all sorts of reasons. he also wallace the solicitor general of the united states before this. >> he argued one of our earlier cases, didn't he, the shenk case? >> yes. and he's going to argue another case you're going to be talking about very soon, brown. davis is one of the great lawyers, of course, of his generation. the name, first name, famous law firm of davis polk in new york city. and what also we find with davis is that the steel industry had had multiple lawyers up until this case. and they're realizing that having multiple lawyers isn't helping them necessarily. so they get davis in a sense to consolidate the arguments. he comes in and he's thought to be

arthur goldberg, a name familiar to some. united steelworkers of american general counsel.d o'brien and harold hyers. the brotherhood of lower fireman and the engine local conductors. who do you want to comment on in that list? >> it is a stellar list. you have some of the great lawyers in that generation, beginning with john davis. he was also solicitor general before this. >> he argued one of our earlier cases, the shank case. >> and he will argue a big cause you will be talking about soon as well, brown. davis is one of the great lawyers, of course, of the generation, first name in the famous law firm of davis, polk in new york city. what we find with davis is that the steel industry had multiple lawyers up until this and they're fighting having multiple lawyers isn't helping them necessarily. so they get davis in a sense to validate the arguments. he comes in and he's thought to be an excellent advocate in the case. to some extent, shattering pearlman who will follow who happens to be the first jewish solicitor general of the united states and is acting attorney general

arthur goldberg, a name familiar to some in history.ted steel workers of america general counsel. clifford o'brien and harold heist, the brotherhood of local firemen and railway conductors. who in that list do you want to comment upon? >> it's a stellar list, you've got some of the great lawyers of that generation, beginning with john davis, famous for all sorts of reasons, solicitor-general of the united states before that. >> he argued one of our earlier cases, the schenk case. >> and he' argued one of the other cases we'll be talking about, brown. and davis, famous law firm of davis polk in new york city. what we find with davis is that the steel industry had had multiple lawyers up until this case. and they are realizing that having multiple lawyers isn't helping them necessarily. so they get davis in a sense to consolidate the arguments, he comes in and is thought to be an excellent advocate in the face. to some extent overshadowing pearlman who is going to follow. who happens to be the first jewish solicitor general of the united

solicitor general, arthur goldberg a name that will be familiar to some in history, united steelworkersamerica general counsel, clifford o'brien and harold heiss and the orlando of railway conductors. so who in that list do you want to comment upon? >> well, it's a stellar list. you have some of the great lawyers of that generation beginning of course with john davis who is famous for all sorts of reasons, he also was solicitor general of the united states before this. >> he argued one of our earlier cases, didn't he, the shank case? >> yes, and he is going to be arguing a big case you are going to be talking about very soon as well, brown. davis is one of the great lawyers of course of his generation of first name in the famous law firm davis polk in new york city. what also we find with davis is that the steel industry had had multiple lawyers up until this case and they were realizing having multiple lawyers isn't helping them necessarily so they get davis to consolidate the arguments, he comes in and he is thought to be a really excellent advocate in the case. to some extent oversha