talking to a broader public and figures charles a beard and arthur and your -- arthur/injure -- arthur schlessinger. they write and speak in a fashion compelling to not simply those practicing historians. the other part of the discipline i always found very important is historiography. you are trained as a historian to engage in debate, to question the conventional wisdom even among their own colleagues, to accept the idea that interpretation can be dynamic and always in flux. that training lends itself to someone who will ask those same kinds of questions in a broader arena. one of my formative moments came about when i was trying to decide where to go to graduate school. one of the places i looked at was u penn, to work with michael katz, who unfortunately passed away this year, whose work is for me also an example of how you can reach a broader public. when i went to visit with him i got off the train and i was walking somewhere to get to his office, and there was a big rally of civil rights activists. it was disconnected from u penn, and the person speaking was holding a copy. 48 21-year-old ge