confederados. so i think that's very interesting as well. so what was it like to be a confederados?hip and various other factors that came with the experience. it's true that slavery still existed in brazil. brazil was the last country abolish slavery in the 1880s. howeve$tíb for any southerner hoping to acquire slaves they would find that for one thing they couldn't afford them. they were much more expensive in brazil. also slavery as an economic institution and social institution was on the way out any way in brazil. although, as opposed to the united states, it wasí?Ñd abolished eventually through peaceful means. that is within brazil. there were actually military elements that contributed to its abolishment, most notably the war of the triple alliance which involved para guy, brazil and argentina. if a slave were to enlist in the brazilian army for that war, he was automatically guaranteed his freedom once he had served his time as a soldier. so those factors were leading to the abolishment of slavery in brazil and of course disenfranchised southerners had not the means to acqui

-- who had been on stonewall jackson's staff, to get people from this area to go to brazil as as confederados. he made an especially strong appeal to mrs. thornton who lived over here on beach street because her husband was killed at sharpsburg, loevited their home here but she had four young boys and he said they have their chance of full development to get out of here and go to brazil. her local minister, the pastor of the presbyterian church told him to leave his parishioners alone that he would their spiritual advisers. the reality is they opened up but it was to be an outreach to our kind of people there. >> thank you. >> i just had a quick question. do you think the majority of the people, do you have any information on this, left for political reasons, not wanting to live under yankee rule or was it more economics hoping to reestablish a slave institution in brazil or elsewhere? and also, do you have any information perhaps about the states that they were more likely to have left were deep south states like alabama, mississippi or upper south states, which i would think it would be dee

as well. i mean, for the most part the confederados really had to stick -- really7< had to stick together much in the way that immigrants do when they come to the united states today. if their mastery of english isn't very strong, they tend to develop sub committees within the larger community to pool their resources and get along. that was the situation with the confederados. they were immigrants just like any other kind of immigrant in a country where you don't speak the language. >> thank you very much. >> thank you. >> this will be our last qu question here. >> hi, i'm theresa from do yo charlotte, north carolina.her th do you know if there were otheran countries other than brazil that some of these exconfederates or even some african-americans who were freed but they may have immigrated on their own to other countries in south america or some other place. >> oh, sure. yeah. you know my research was specifically on the confederados who immigrated to brazil, but there were some that did in fact, go to mexico, even though i it wasn't as inviting, it was geographically closer and other south