more on the state of space exploration programs around the world, we are joined once again by asif sidiqqi. he is a professor with history of fordham university and specializes in the history of science and technology. welcome back. >> thank you for having me. >> growing up, at least people my age, there were two space programs that we knew of. it was the united states and russia involved in the space race. that's changed though. >> oh it's changed enormously. there are a whole host of players now in the space program, business. starting with the european space agency, japan, china, india. and they're all playing for the big stakes that the point. and they have pretty sophisticated, mature programs now. europe, japan, for example, and russia of course, another major player involved in the international space station, for example. a huge $100 billion project to build a giant space station. so all of these players are you know very much invested in the idea of space exploration right now. >> beyond the international space station, when we talk about say japan, china and india, what are their