now, atoms: atoms are mostly empty... because this is grossly exaggerated. i've drawn these very, very big compared to what this is. a better thing would be like if i draw the nucleus here, then out across the street the electron would be. the atom is as empty of matter as the solar system is as empty of masses. you know, you got the sun and then you got mercury, venus, mars, keep going out. if you got out in outer space you see the solar system down there and you throw a dart and let's suppose that dart doesn't respond to gravity. and you throw a dart, and you wanna hit either the sun, the earth, venus, mars, pluto... if you wanna hit one, what's your chances, big or small? very small. small, honey, the solar system is mostly emptiness and only occasionally would there be a direct hit even if you took showers and showers of particles which didn't interact gravitationally now. if they interact gravitationally, they'll come right up and hit you, but no gravity, they go right on by. well guess what, gang? there are neutral particles, thousands and thousands go

in fact, helium stays in the atom form, just one atom. doesn't gang up into molecules, and a helium atom is very fast. and let's see if we can see why. let's suppose we have some helium gas in the room here. would that have the same temperature as the air in the room? let's have a helium balloohere and it's in contact with the air in the room. won't it come to the same temperature? yes, it will. the air in this room all has the same tperature. that doesn't mean every molecule is going exactly as fast as the other. it means on the average they are. the average kinetic energy per molecule is the same for everything that has the samtemperature. so helium atoms move faster on the average than others because they are... smaller. let's use the equation to guide our thinking. remember we talked about kinetic energy before, gang. let's get in a little physics here. now, this is kinda-- this is a little deep physics. that's the expression, kinetic energy. that is also proportional to temperature. to say two volumes of gas have the same temperature

a very -- it is called the atomic brain trust. a very powerful and influential group of scientists who made controversial recommendations. against the air force's nuclear powered bomber, against the aec's own program to launch a crash effort to develop civilian atomic power reactors. the gac believed they were too dangerous. but most importantly, against the hydrogen bomb. in october in 1949, the gac will advise almost unanimously that we -- this country should not perceive the development of the next step of weapons of mass destruction. they are nuclear super or hydrogen bomb. it will take effort away from the atomic army of the country. basically the stockpile will suffer. but even more importantly, they impose it for ethical reasons. it's an evil thing considered in any light. and even a weapon of genocide. you can imagine it was a controversial recommendation. it split the aec itself and certainly opposed by edward teller who since 1942 had been promoting the hydrogen bomb and by 1949 is in effect the scientific head of an h b

it takes one million atoms to store data they have found it can be done with 12 atoms. >> why do we do this? if we make something that works, it's revolutionary. >> they used this electron microscope to do their research. portions were handmade with an occasional peel piece from an aluminum beverage can. they are subjected to a temperature of 460 degrees below zero. >> they hold still and we can see them and watch them and actually operate on them. >> they started out with the goal to see if a single atom could retain digital information. smallest number was 12. what made this possible was rearranging clusters of atoms so head to head.ead to foot >> the current is large and then we come back down. so the image we will see is on the surface. >> scaling down to one million to 12 atoms could lead to much smaller devices that run on less power. >> packing more storage storj is very important. take this prototype, very first hard drive with the capacity of five megabytes. compare that to the iphone with 3200 times more storage. >> challenges remain with the need of the atoms to be at sub-ze

what is your opinion on the decision to drop the atomic bomb? certainly something controversial today. was it as controversial in 1945? >> it took a lot of courage on the part of president truman to go ahead because he recognized that there was a good chance that once that bomb was dropped that the japanese would surrender, and that's what happened. so as it turned out, he made a gutsy decision and turned out to be a good decision because the war was over. >> mr. yellin, did you want to comment as well? >> i was over japan strafing in august 6th, 1945, and when i got back to iwo jima, i was told he jumped on my wing and said we dropped one bomb and wiped out a city and it's over. i said what are you smoking? i want some. i've been asked that question many times. in 1988, my youngest son married the daughter of a japanese imperial air force fighter pilot. and i've been to japan many times. i had been at a debriefing about bombing japan or invading japan which was going to start in november of 1945. our squadron was going to land, be the first squ

if there was not a lawrence, there would have been no atomic bomb on the schedule. and he is the sourcer's apprentice of the story. he is the man that built the great idea that he was sort of the pure scientist. he wanted to push forward the fran tears of mileage. that same machine will be modified and used to instead separate the uranium for the bomb that is dropped on hiroshima, hence, the unintended consequences. lawrence is in the context of oppenheimer and teller. oppenheimer steals the show. the man who at berkeley whether he was teaching here took sand script so that he could read the hindu classics in the original. a man who is very much worldly, almost exactly the opposite, in fact, of lawrence who was the meat and potatoes man. next slide, please. so the book is about all three men. what i told friends is the atomic gildamesh. it is epic in scope and ambition. next slide, please. one figure that i didn't expect to be major figure is oppenheimer's brother who is eight years younger, frank. it was said that his face was that of an overgrown fire boy but terr

testing, firing long-rang ballistic missiles and enriching uranium and will allow the international atomic energy agency to inspect facilities. in return, the u.s. will supply the country with 240,000 tons of food with the prospect of more in the future. the u.s. stopped supplying the aid three years ago. north korean officials want to hand out food by mid-april. residents will celebrate the 100th anniversary of the birth of the country's founder, kim il-son. they want to move forward on an equal footing. secretary of state hillary clinton says u.s. officials will move cautiously. she told a congressional panel that the administration still has profound concerns. nhk world reports from washington. >> i said that it is our hope that the new leadership will choose to guide their nation on to the path of piece by living up to its obligations. today's announcement represents a modest first step in the right direction. >> reporter: clinton warned that the u.s. will be watching north korea closely and will be judging the country's new leaders by their actions. weary of progress on north korea's

energy there as traitors in south korea and calling for atomic power to be phased out. mourners gathered in the city of sendai in remembrance of the disaster and to discuss or shave a year after the tragedy when i was joined live from vermont by arnold gundersen is an advisor of women's associates. very warm welcome to the program so there are reports that even though the plant is now shut down fusion products such as uranium are still generating heat so what is the status of the plant right now and the nearby city. good morning and thanks for having me that the heat is being generated and will be generated for years to come not from fission but from the splitting of the atoms that occurred in years past all those atoms are still radioactive and as they decay they're going to generate heat for for many years to come there's contamination out at least thirty kilometers and in some areas. perhaps as high as sixty kilometers people should not ever return in addition i was just been in tokyo and took five samples and those live samples were high enough to qualify as radioac

there's the atom bomb and the degradation of the environment, and space travel.t's been a dramatic part of my life. [ whirring and beeping ] i became interested in the theme of space very early. i was able to get a tape of the sound of space as it was recorded by voyager ii. when i listened to this tape, it made even more real for me what i have imagined it to be like in outer space. it's probably impossible for me to do what i'm trying to do, which is to make real to myself the vastness of outer space. it's something i will never see personally, that i will never hear personally. i would have loved to be able to go up in one of the shuttles. the jet propulsion lab is right nearby here in pasadena. i can go there anytime i want to. and they're very open to the public. i've watched the flybys of planets when the pixels come in, and the photos of space and places that no one's ever seen before. stellar winds, solar flares -- there are all kinds of possibilities that enter my art. [ beeping and whirring ] i always have five or six works in progress at the same time.

and then, as now we were the only country to have used an atomic weapon in hiroshima and nagasaki but it was clear it wasn't just us anymore. the soviet union had a number of successful tests. so president eisenhower en hower in the adams for peace speech talked about the hopeless finality that two atomic cole lassie are doomed to eye each other indefinitely across a troubling world. he talked about the acceptance of the probability of civilization destroyed the anail nighlation of the irreplaceable heritage of man chiend handed down from generation to generation. >> condemnation of man kind to begin all over again. the age-old effort from safagery toward decency and right and justice it. >> is not often that presidents talk this deep, right, talk about the united states not wanting to drive the human race back to the stone ages or the desire of our country not to be recorded in history as one of the great destroyers. but that is what eisenhower said outloud in the adams for peace speech. it was amazing and it was awful. it was awful because what eisenhower announced in that speech wa

like taking a pile of atoms and seeing what sorts of molecules you can make. decades later, scientists would begin to understand the properties of molecules by determining their invariance under symmetries that mix up the atoms. in a similar way, galois discovered that the ability to solve a polynomial built out of some roots depended on the invariance of those numbers created from the roots after permuting the roots. permuting: it means mixing up, or shuffling. and in order to see what we have is a group, let's actually think about shuffling, but card shuffling. here's a familiar old deck of cards, and notice that any shuffle or rearrangement of the deck leaves it invariant. in our new language, it's a symmetry of the deck of cards. notice that if i do two shuffles in a row...i get another shuffle, so closure. notice that for every shuffle... there is an inverse shuffle, just the one that undoes the shuffle. not doing anything at all gives me the identity shuffle. and take my word, associativity works. so the shuffles of a deck of cards are a group, and it tu

ran source, stole atomic secrets, changed world history. i mean this is a long ball hitter who doesn't need an ernest hemingway to pad out his resume. so i concluded that it was not likely that golos got it wrong. that, you know, he probably did have the meeting with ernest, we don't have ernest's side. let me be clear about that. only have one source but it's not likely they got it wrong or needed to exaggerate it for any reason. so how can you explain this? so why would ernest say, yes, to the kgb especially in january 1941 when the soviet union doesn't look too good to motion people on the left. that's the period at which hitler and stalin are in bed together. what the explanation i came up with is is pretty much three words and it's the spanish civil war. in the mid '30s, this was a really passionate cause for many people, something like the vietnam war in this country, you were either for it or against it. there wasn't much in between and ernest went to spain three times as a correspondent and he saw this as one of the defining struggl

atomic floods. trying to run its intentions farmers. will north korea into the fold of. the two thousand and twelve nuclear security summit. on the parties. download the official policy on vacation joe hockey phone or i pod touch from the i choose obstacles. one jonty life on the go. video on demand all g.'s mind bold colors and r.s.s. feeds now in the palm of your. question on the t. dot com.

"we don't have any belief in the atomic bomb and don't pursue it.our religious principles and beliefs forbid the acquisition and use of such weapons of mass murder." he was on repeating that message again -- [everyone talking at once] and i'm sorry we don't have the video because the video is in house here. i don't know where it is. >> i don't know where it is either, but -- [everyone talking at once] looking for a video. he said israel is like a cancer on the body politic of arab world and we're going to cut it out. so there's a slightly different -- giving a different speech at that point. >> well, what is that, metaphor? [everyone talking at once] >> we're going to destroy israel, which they have said over and over again for decades. >> he was flat-out saying this is against the koran for -- atomic bomb! [everyone talking at once] >> why are they sending all this time and money building atomic weapons? >> they say for medical reasons. so they're -- [everyone talking at once] >> let her in! >> they're risking the -- [everyone talking at once] >> b

he talked about the hopeless finality of a belief that two atom atomic colosi is doomed to eye each other indefinitely across a trembling world. he talked about the helpless acceptance of the proeblt of civilian detroyed. >> condemnation of man kind to begin all over again. the age old struggle from savagery toward decency and right and justice. >> it's not often that presidents talk this deep. talk about the united states not wanting if drive the huge race back into the stone ages or the desire of our country to gnat be recorded as one of the great destroyers. that was what he said out loud in it was amazing and it was awful. it was awful because what he announced in that speech was a plan to make nukes, not just the thing to end the world but a positive thing too. we went from being a country that kept nuclear so information so secret that as vice preponderate harry truman didn't know we had the bomb until f.d.r. died. he had to become president before anybody told him we had the bomb. we wanted to be the only one in the world with nuclear weapons but nuclear power under eisenhower we w

the international atomic watchdog assesses north korean pledges for its nuclear program. board members of the international atomic energy agency are urging north korean leaders to follow through on their promises. the new leadership announced last week they would take steps towards denuclearization in return for food aid. american negotiators are pushing the north koreans to honor their commitments by allowing early monitoring by iaea inspectors. the u.s. member of the board outlined the details of the agreement at a meeting in vienna. north korean officials agreed to halt uranium enrichment temporarily at their nuclear facility and say they'll allow iaea inspectors to visit the site. japanese and chinese board members welcomed the agreement. the south korean delegate said the u.n. agency should wait to see if pyongyang will do what they said they would. the nuclear director said he will send a senior official to north korea as soon as officials agree to meet. >>> analysts with a u.s. think tank think north korea may be pressing ahead with its nuclear program. they say re

and it will allow the international atomic energy agency to inspect facilities. in return, the u.s. will supply the country with 240,000 tons of food with the prospect of more in the future. the u.s. stopped supplying the aid three years ago. north korean officials want to hand out food by mid-april. residents will celebrate the 100th anniversary of the birth of the country's founder kim il-sung. the officials say their u.s. counterparts have promised to drop their hostile stance and want to move forward on an equal footing. secretary of state hillary clinton says u.s. officials will move cautiously. she told a congressional panel that the administration still has profound concerns. nhk world reports from washington. >> i said that it is our hope that the new leadership will choose to guide their nation onto the path of peace by living up to its obligations. today's announcement represents a modest first step in the right direction. >> reporter: clinton warned the u.s. will be watching north korea closely, and will be judging the country's new leaders by their actions. wary of progr

we were the atom bomb generation. play football paddle your boat stance on have a good time don't worry about anything else will look after your country. france is keeping its nuclear arsenal because it needs the nuclear deterrent to discourage various threats to its vital interests. that is the doctrine that was established in the sixty's and it is still valid today. that their leaders of the church and i've been one since one thousand nine hundred sixty three have never agreed with nuclear testing. but if we cannot agree to weapons of mass destruction and so must it's not possible they are forgotten it's not just since the french tests we were against the american nuclear tests in the marshall islands of washup . long before france in one nine hundred forty six the united states and then great britain chose the pacific to conduct their testing but their tunick mushroom clouds were poisonous radioactive debris fell on to the surface of the earth and threaten the health of people all over the planet in one nine hundre

. >> this crazy world of ours, we have atom bombs.ion is not how to use them, the question is how do you restrain yourself from using them? that's particularly when you're commander in chief, any fool can get this country into trouble. it takes a wiseman to get it out. >> as candidates campaign for back at 14 men who ran for the office and lost. go to our web site cspan.org/contenders to see a video of the contenders who had a lasting impact. >> should your president have widely ethical standards and be an example to children in this country? ask yourself that question, please. shouldn't his life make him a role model for your future children? should anyone you elect to this office always keep his promise? >> cspan doi.org/contenders. >>> with politics and public affairs programming throughout the week and on the weekend, people and events telling the story on american history tv. get our schedules and see past programs on our web site. you can join the conversation on social media sites. >>> good owning and welcome to tonight's meeti

the other is that there was a container vessel around atomic -- nuclear reactor. so, because of that, these two reasons, the level of discharged amount of radioactive material in fukushima is 1/7 of chernobyl. there was no death toll, immediate death toll from fukushima. in chernobyl there was 31 immediate and there was a lot of people affected, more than hundreds as you know. so, that is the great difference. even if they are on the same scale. and as a result, radiation level in tokyo and u.s. and france is not that different, almost equal now. tokyo is as of today. u.s. and france i have figures from some time ago. i think you can say it's almost equal. however, nuclear reactors are not operating now. we had 54 nuclear reactors. this is rule three. one being united states with 104, two france with 57, and japan, 54. and about 11 was stopped because of earthquake and tsunami. however, today, only two operating and all 52 is shut -- is not operating. why? this is because every 13 months you have to put nuclear reactors into maintenance, and after that you would p

international atomic energy agency. at the moment because as we know. and the current director general mr amano. has strong ties to the american secret service documents revealed. showed that he was actually meeting an american ambassador and promising to do. in favor of the united states. records that have been the report last record from november of two thousand have been. urging serious claiming. words. of program. all these. claims are come from very questionable sources and not from. its white bed thanks for being on the program search you're. talking to us from vienna much appreciated thank you. living up to date on some world news in brief similar top stories for you a double bombing in northern iraq has left at least thirteen people dead the first blast happened to a car exploded outside a crowded restaurant as people rushed to the scene to help then a suicide bomber detonated his belt filled with explosives twelve others were injured and what the suspect is al qaeda attacks. france's president says the country has got too many foreigners or the

the the atoms for peace is more complicated than that there definitely was built and there was always a dream by the way going back to mary curious times and if you could tap into this energy which really was an amazing discovery you could have all these wonderful peaceful uses they didn't really understand where you would go with this but there was always the dream that this would be beneficial to mankind and you know there are a lot of well meaning people and always have been in the nuclear industry kind of generous it was on the plate is it is and i say that with with you know. some of them are not all of them but but once the weapon really the origins of atoms for peace under eisenhower was a need to find a happy message to give the public well you increase your weapons stockpile and it was really a p.r. campaign from top to bottom where they got a man from time life who was inside operations during the war they use they found out all the media and used it on a bash oddly to promote the idea of peaceful nuclear energy. and it it flowed everything flowed from there this this is a v

god forbid that such, such a regime would have atomic bombs? threat to the united states. to american lives, to israel, certainly. to america's alallies, to the supply of oil. it would spark a mad nuclear arms race, that could turn israel into a nuclear tinder box. this is a tremendous threat to the world. to the security of my country? certainly. but to the security of your country and to the peace to the world, i think it's something that must be stopped. i can't stress that. even though people don't see that, sometimes -- sometimes people don't see a danger coming at them until it materializes. churchill called it the slumber of democracies. he said, democracies tend to sleep and they are woken sort of at the last mome by the jarring gong of danger. well, if i could start sounding the jarring gong of danger, not to disregard all the dangers that are fought, we are trying to stop this danger from materializing, but also understanding the enormous consequences of not topping it. this could be -- not stopping it. this could be a different world

. >>> nuclear industry officials from around the world have gathered in seoul to discuss atomic energy safety. global leaders are also scheduled to meet next week at the nuclear security summit in south korea. nhk world's kim dae-young has more. >> reporter: some 203 representatives took part in the nuclear industry summit on friday. they exchanged views on how to make nuclear energy safer based on lessons from last year's accident at the fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant in japan. one participant said public trust in nuclear energy can be restored if they share lessons learned from the accident and learn from them. another said sharing information on nuclear technology is difficult. because it often contains confidential data. but he argued that cooperation between private companies as well as governments needs to be sanctioned. the participants issued a joint statement that said the nuclear industry will get more actively involved in global information share and discussions through organizations such as the international atomic energy agency. several countries have scrapped nucle

. >>> nuclear industry officials from around the world have gathered in seoul to discuss atomic energy safety. global leaders are also scheduled to meet next week at the nuclear security summit in south korea. nhk world's kim dae-young has more. >> reporter: some 203 representatives took part in the nuclear industry summit on friday. they exchanged views on how to make nuclear energy safer based on lessons from last year's accident at the fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant in japan. one participant said public trust in nuclear energy can be restored if they share lessons learned from the accident and learn from them. another said sharing information on nuclear technology is difficult. because it often contains confidential data. but he argued that cooperation between private companies as well as the government needs to be joint. he joined the statement that said the nuclear industry will get more actively involved in global information sharing and discussions through organizations such as the international atomic energy agency. several countries interest have scrapped nuclear energy

north will hold talks during the official's visit. >>> an international body monitoring monitoring atomic testing has welcomed north korea's nuclear moratorium, but it says it will still keep a close watch on the country. the executive secretary of the tiber toth spoke with nhk in vienna on thursday. >> it's important that north korea for the first time pledged not to carry out nuclear tests. his organization will closely monitor the north's moves so the international community will determine whether it's keeping its word. the ctbto has more than 300 facilities around the world. the group monitoring radioactive materials in the atmosphere and tremors caused by nuclear tests on a 24-hour basis. >>> syrian rebel forces have pulled out of a town that's at the heart of the protests. government troops have been shelling homes for nearly four weekts. member of the rebel force say they don't have enough webs to fight back. and they've seen an increasing number of civilian casualties. deserters from the government side formed the backbone of the rebel free syrian army. a senior member of the grou

north korea's chief nuclear envoy says his country will soon accept inspectors from the international atomic energy agency. the move comes under a recent agreement with the united states. late last month pyongyang told washington it would suspend uranium enrichment activities in exchange for u.s. food aid. >> translator: we'll allow iaea inspectors into our country in the near future. we're taking concrete measures to fulfill our agreement with the u.s. >> ri spoke after attending an international conference in new york. he said the event made it possible for north korean and u.s. representatives to hold detailed discussions on bilateral issues. ri said the end of hostile relations between the two countries will serve as the basis for resolving their outstanding problems. south korea's chief nuclear envoy lim sung-nam also attended the conference but he didn't meet with his counterpart from the north. he said north korea has not abided by agreements reached at summits in 2000 and 2007. >>> a scuffle broke out between a north korean delegation and south korean lawmakers on monday at the u.n.

aggressively implementing the sanctions, we this position from the recent report by the international atomic energy agency pointing out all of the suspicions and questions about iran's pursuit of nuclear weapons. and we have seen finally a response from iran that they're willing to discuss their nuclear weapons program with the p-5 plus one. so we think that the sanctions are affecting the thinking of the iranians in the leadership. but we have to remain vigilant. we have to keep the pressure on. >> thank you very much. i got a question and answer in 44 seconds. >> or you could yield back and give others more time as i did. >> all right. well, that appeal, too. >> thank you, sir. thank you. and being the wise legislator that he is, dr. paul, elected to stay here. and sow gets to ask his question. congressman paul of texas is recognized. i learned not to say anything negative about ron paul. >> welcome madam secretary. i do want to get your comments on a bit of the stir that was caused by the apology over the koran. i think you expressed a point this doesn't help your job any by stirring up t

five plus one dialogue, and of course there's their nother meeting coming up with the international atomic energy administration, so we will see whether the iranians may be changing their minds. >> i have to tell you i am skeptical about putting any significance in that but nonetheless it's not my testimony that we are here to hear. is your testimony and it's obviously important testimony. director clapper in a recent interview defense secretary panetta said if iran decides to pursue a nuclear weapon capability, quote, it would probably take them about a year to be able to produce a bomb and then possibly another one or two years in order to put it on a deliverable vehicle of some sort in order to deliver that weapon. do you disagree with the defense secretary panetta's assessment? >> no, sir, i don't disagree and with respect to the year, that is i think technically feasible, but practically not likely. and there are all kinds of combinations of implications that could affect how long it might take should the iranians make a decision to pursue a nuclear weapon and how long that might take

atomic floods. chancy run transients its intentions are honest. will north korea into the fold. of the two thousand and twelve nuclear security summit. on r.t. . so france's influential rates of. growth of leukemia for example a thirty eight times expects. breast cancers more than centonze chose cancers fourteen times i will forget the exact date as bullish huge numbers as not nothing that you have ever found in any epidemiological study anywhere ever there is a wedding that brings victory. to its creator. he's not alone some are more severe than others we have something that is foreign without skulls without organs and sometimes with their legs totally missed but means death to those who its point is such. a man. owns to those who choose the splendid. and the celebrates and they don't realize said stella feeling that their own future concept albums this is just a fact that so subtle. i have. leakage and i show you so they stand for much i have leakage. wealthy british style science holds us both out. of. the. markets why not scandal. find out what's really happening to the glob

nuclear inspectors into a secret military facility where it's suspected of that atomic weapons research is being carried out by president obama is vowing to use any power necessary to stop iran from getting a nuclear problem including us standing by israel despite its threats which are these along with the public. next party here's how there is a much more peaceful way to ensure iran doesn't develop a nuclear weapon. we're sitting down with thomas pickering that served as ambassador to many countries including russia israel india and he also served as the u.s. ambassador to the united nations from one thousand nine hundred ninety two ninety ninety two pickering thank you very much for joining us thank you for having me you co-wrote an audi called titled envisioning a deal with iran where he replied that in order to afford a confrontation with iran the obama administration should open the plan matic channels with tehran and learn what the rank and try to make some kind of a deal what kind of a deal do you envision we envisage a deal that might invent have in fact two parts to start with

atomic clouds. chance iran to fix its intentions after. the of kuwait into the fold.

atomic clouds. chance iran trumpets its intentions promised. to north korea into the folds. of the two thousand and twelve nuclear security summit. on the parties. will fund for the future is not all sun and games as barcelona host the biggest tech gathering of the year in this digitized world stay connected like never before and a whole host of new services means smoother living is now only a quick call right away. but don't get lost in the crowd with one russian blog that proves all the stereotypes wrong with technology update here on our t.v. we've got the same shirt covered. if. the same. if. you. see. a mission in. credit take three months for charges free. arrangements free. still child free.