what about the famous doctor of auschwitz, live out his life, argentina? but in order to make sure that ikeman doesn't become a shoe salesman in argentina, hindler himself would have gone to arregentina if he hadn't been caught, escaped, recaught and then took cyanide, what i'm saying out of this million for 10,000 trucks, came a such smaller group to be dispatched to a port. hitler was get the jews out of germany, get jews out of europe, get jews out of the world, he accomplished two of those goals. my mother and i were on this 35 cattle cars to be taken someplace to neutral port, spain, portugal, turkey. we wound up as it was told you before in belgium, which was not a death camp, it was a labor camp, a starvation camp. i spent five months there. and after five months the negotiations continued and we in fact were taken by germany troop train, during the war, from germany to switzerland, why? because in order for ikeman and his cronies to get the loot, this was not in catch, because cash was useless, but in diamonds and jewelry and gold and little things

man manny's grandmother was killed at auschwitz. at the beginning of world war ii, there were over 600,000 jewish citizens in hungary. by the end of the war nearly 70% of all the jews in hungary had been killed. mr. mandel's story is available for each of you to learn and read about at the holocaust museum here in washington, d.c. manny and henry both worked there, give their time to make sure that the next generations never forget. rather than asking questions like some of the panels have been doing, i have talked with both manny and henry and decided it's more compelling if i let them tell their story in the totality of how they want to rather than me parsing it into questions. so without further ado, i will turn the floor over. please welcome manny mandel. [ applause ]. >> i know that -- is this thing on? can you hear me? okay. i know that some of you are from local areas here and some from all over the country. how many of you have been to the holocaust museum here in washington? good. i can go home now. [ laughter ]. >> the hol

the number he was given in auschwitz. he did not look down as he recited the number. 18991., he remembered the endless amounts of blood seeping from a wound on the back of his head, where a soldier's bullet had grazed him while he attempted escape with his sister. he made it back to the barracks, where a female cousin helped to all thee sticky wound way down to his feet and ankles. his sister a was in the camp when they tried to escape. she was not so lucky. he saw her body laying in the dirt by the barbed wire fence. he watched as a guard shot and killed her, and it was over in his mind. "she was like my mother," he said. "it was terrible." out of his entire family, only four would survive. many around him gave up. simply lost their will to live any further. they laid down in the frozen ground to die during the three-month death march to germany. henry did not give up his will to live on. it would have brought him here today. he thought of his sister. there was an older sister who had come to america. he thought of them

he spoke of his first real shower with soap after several years at auschwitz. he recalled the man in white wing-tipped shoes who included him in a group of prisoners chosen to work on the grounds of a factory for german manufacturers. "he was my savior," greenbaum said. the work laying out heavy stones to serve as a road in winter was grueling. but a special assignment sparing him from the bombings that the americans dropped on the camps to destroy the enemy. after a piece of potato amounted to a cause of celebration for this teenager. but nothing compared to the relief he felt when the american soldiers arrived in april of 1945. that marked his liberation. he was three weeks past his 17th birthday, a 5'8" skeleton weighing 75 pounds. adjusting to a normal life is strange, but not difficult. he reveled in small things, like the food pantry at the soldiers camp where he spent the first three months after liberation. he helped serve soldiers food. he never had to peel a potato or clean a dish. "you felt like having an orange, you just went and grabbed it." he now

his family was killed at auschwitz. at the beginning of world war ii, there were over 600,000 in hungary.ens by the end of the war, more than 400,000, nearly 70% of all the jews in hungary had been killed the nazis. manny and his mother a british troop to palestine. which may, three years later, state of me the israel. they came to the united states 1945. where he's lived ever since. those of 's story and many other holocaust survivors for each of you to the and read about at holocaust museum here in washington, d.c. and henry both work there and give their time to make sure next generations never forget. rather than asking questions some of the panels have been doing, i have talked with henry and decided i let re compelling if them tell their story in the totality of how they want to parcelling it into questions. so without further adu, i'll over.the floor please welcome manny mandel. [applause] >> is this thing on can you hear me? of you any of you, some are from local areas and some country. over the how many of you

no i haven't been in auschwitz because i didn't i mean there's no scene in there's not really a scene in the book which is set in auschwitz if there had been i would have got not yet well no i don't think there will be actually because i feel i would feel probably uncomfortable writing about it because i feel that if it was something that was so awful i think you know to try and describe it i don't think unless you've been there and you kind of in the right probably to write about if you've been there i think you haven't really read the right to write about it if you hadn't been there. and i had assumed it was difficult because when i wrote from zagreb i had to go to this place this awful concentration camp. in bosnia called years and of urge and. i felt i had to get permission from the people who had died there so i sort of stood in the sounds melodramatic but that's how it felt stood in the cattle the the wagons had transported the people on the train. the train is there so you can actually stand in these cattle cars and feel what it must have been like so i felt i had to sort of yo

reporter: meet eva, she is 88 and survived auschwitz. she recounts so people now and into the future can question her about what happened. >> my name is eva, would you like to ask me some questions about my life. survivors are worrying when we are not around anymore. who is going to continue telling the story, because this is very important. reporter: now at the museum of jewish heritage in new york, people can directly interview eva of how she survived auschwitz. >> one of the questions, what was one of your most terrible moment in the camp. one day my mother was selected to be gassed and we were separated and i thought, i had lost her. but through a miracle she was saved and three months later, we were reunited. reporter: she answered more than 1,000 questions. a film maker recorded the process. >> i think what is different about this experience is it puts you in an active role. instead of passively watching a movie or reading a book, you think of your own question. >> and this is more or less the only picture i have with my mother, fa

she's 88, and survived the horrors of auschwitz. in the future can question her virtual self about what happened. my name is eva schloss. would you like to ask me some questions about my life? survivors are worrying what will happen when we are not around anymore, who is going to continue telling the story? because we think it is very important. now, at the museum of jewish heritage in new york, people can directly interview eva about what it was like in auschwitz, how she survived, and how it's affected her since. one of the questions, what was your most terrible moment in the camp? one day, my mother was selected to be gassed. and we were separated. and i thought, you know, i had lost her. but through a miracle she was saved. and about three months later, we were reunited. over five days, eva answered more than 1000 questions about her story. and while she was doing so, a film—maker recorded the process. i think what's different about this experience is it puts the viewer in a really active role. so instead of sort of passively wa

she's 88, and survived the horrors of auschwitz.so that people now and in the future can question her virtual self about what happened. my name is eva schloss. would you like to ask me some questions about my life? survivors are worrying what will happen when we are not around anymore, who is going to continue telling the story? because we think it is very important. now, at the museum of jewish heritage in new york, people can directly interview eva about what it was like in auschwitz, how she survived, and how it's affected her since. one of the questions, what was your most terrible moment in the camp? one day, my mother was selected to be gassed. and we were separated. and i thought, you know, i had lost her. but through a miracle she was saved. and about three months later, we were reunited. over five days, eva answered more than 1,000 questions about her story. and while she was doing so, a film—maker recorded the process. i think what's different about this experience is it puts the viewer in a really active role. so instead

meet eva, she is 88 and survived the horrors of auschwitz. you like to ask me some questions about my life? —— like to ask me some questions about _ my like to ask me some questions about my life? —— my name is eva. survivors are worried about what will happen when we are gone, who will happen when we are gone, who will continue telling our story? because we think it is very important. now at the museum of jewish heritage in new york people can directly interview either about what it was like in auschwitz, how she survived, and how it has affected her since. one of the questions, what was your most terrible moment in the camp. 0ne questions, what was your most terrible moment in the camp. one day my mother was selected to be gassed. we were separated. i thought i had lost her. but by miracle she was saved and about three months later we we re saved and about three months later we were reunited. over five days eva a nswered we were reunited. over five days eva answered more than 1000 questions about her story. whilst she was doing so a film—ma

she's 88, and survived the horrors of auschwitz.uture can question her virtual self about what happened. my name is eva schloss. would you like to ask me some questions about my life? survivors are worrying what will happen when we are not around anymore, who is going to continue telling the story? because we think it is very important. now, at the museum of jewish heritage in new york, people can directly ask eva about what it was like in auschwitz, how she survived, and how it's affected her since. one of the questions, what was your most terrible moment in the camp? one day, my mother was selected to be gassed. and we were separated. and i thought, you know, i had lost her. but through a miracle she was saved. and about three months later, we were reunited. over five days, eva answered more than 1000 questions about her story. and while she was doing so, a film—maker recorded the process. i think what's different about this experience is it puts the viewer in a really active role. so instead of sort of passively watching a movie

she is 88 and survived the horrors of auschwitz.question her virtual self about what happened. my name is eva schloss. would you like to ask me some questions about my life? survivors are worrying what will happen when we are not around any more, who is going to continue telling the story? because they think it is very important. now, at the museum of jewish heritage in new york, people can directly interview eva about what it was like in auschwitz, how she survived and how it has affected her since. one of the questions was, what was your most terrible moment in the camp? one day my mother was selected to be gassed. we were separated. and i thought i had lost her. but through a miracle she was saved, and about three months later, we were reunited. over five days, eva answered more than a thousand questions about her story. and while she was doing so, a film—maker recorded the process. i think what's different about this experience is it puts the viewer in a really active role. so instead of passively watching a movie or reading a b

fifteen it was displayed in a truck office museum of contemporary art it was an exhibition about auschwitz in the film naked men and women of varying ages chasing each other in the gas chamber the videos come in for lots of criticism the museum's director says people are simply not understanding its sense but under pressure the film was removed from the museum website. sixty five thousand people perished at the start of concentration camp some died of hunger cold and disease many others though was shot hung or gassed account was liberated by the soviet army at the end of world war two i can discuss this now with the writer and political commentator i will do as he joins you on the other door the film did cause controversy when it was first on display why is it taken all this time now for the authorities to get involved. somehow it was brought to. public knowledge by the british press and the some israel and jews groups and big game really disgusted outraged and it's really a soul tearing experience to see how the broad. people i mean it's kind of through a perversion of course. where we're

last breath men and thus had a heart attack when water came out and not gas then she was sent to auschwitz meant to make munitions camp for the rest of the war and my parents met in munich after the war and came to america and the opening of my prologue is about listening to my mother every single might throw my childhood tell me her nightmares of the gestapo coming to our home taking her away or my sister and i. we're very typical second generation children suffering from the neuroses of second-generation children with a second generation firstborn boy. thank you for talking about it tonight. you have then a fantastic job of archival research. >> but let me just say that it with the questions rather than statements. speaking to the microphone. >> someone in the front? another microphone?. >> this is taped for c-span on booktv if you have a question coming to the microphone. >> i have of question the contrary thanks for doing this. family is made better listening to brilliant people telling interesting stories so thank you very much speaking of stories a few of those positive anecdotes' so

ruled that a ninety six year old german must go to jail for his role in mass murders committed at auschwitz in world war two oscar going and had argued he was too old and sick to be put behind bars he was convicted back in two thousand and fifteen. to end there now where the lower house of parliament has passed a bill proposing jail time for muslim men who tried to divorce their wives through a practice known as instant divorce well the bill outlaws the practice of ending in marriage by saying or writing the word arabic for divorce three times in succession india supreme court ruled in august that instant divorces were unconstitutional within twenty muslim countries around the world have already banned the controversial practice. and. is in delhi for us for more on this story issues good to see you how did this bill come about was it something that muslim women were pushing for. but what we've seen in the last couple of months here has been truly significant in the sense that you know this is a instant triple toe lock is a practice that has been outlawed in many muslim majority countries fo

ruled that a ninety six year old german must go to jail for his role in mass murders committed at auschwitz and world war two oscar groning had argued he was too old and sick to be imprisoned he was convicted in twenty fifteen to india now where the lower house of parliament has passed a bill proposing jail time for muslim men who are trying to divorce their wives through practice known as instant divorce the bill outlaws the practice of ending a marriage by saying or writing the word which is arabic for divorce three times in succession india supreme court ruled in august that instant divorces are unconstitutional more than twenty muslim countries have already banned the practice . in delhi for us ashish can you first tell us more about the idea of instant divorce and how it works in india. well instant divorce or instant triple the law is a practice whereby a man can divorce his wife just by uttering the word lock which means divorce three times in one moment this is different from another form of the lock which is spread out over a longer period of time usually about ninety days which al

ruled that a ninety six year old german must go to jail for his role in mass murders committed at auschwitz in world war two oscar groning had argued he was too old and sick to be imprisoned he was convicted in two thousand and fifteen some twenty thousand young christians have made their way to the swiss city of basel for a gathering of the thais a community the group is an ecumenical christian order founded by a swiss monk during the five day event the participants from more than forty countries will pray attend services and discuss social issues. singing and praying together in the city of basel that's one of the highlights of the teasy community meeting and a unique experience for many young european christians. cottage using especially the songs of the many young people singing together and praying together and the silence which gives you time for personal reflection that something special and completely different from the regular church at home i counsel meets such a lot of religious people which believes in god and is very good to said is this this is trust and this faith and this jo

today. 72 years after the liberation of auschwitz. why? you don't know my people as i do.t trust them. nobody spoke, a normal german family never really spoke about what our fathers, mothers, grandfathers, grandmothers have really seen. whether they were cowards, whether they were actively involved in the system. they are silent. this is like a swamp. that swamp was never drained. so here and there in germany you find nowadays, you find these poison flowers coming up. meadows full of them. but when you say there is suddenly a meadow full of poison flowers that is where i wonder whether that is fair. this interview is being filmed by three young german men in their 20s and 30s. why should they have to bear any sense of guilt or shame or responsibility? no. no guilt, no shame. acknowledge. really acknowledge. if you talk to these youngsters, really, you will find out a lot of uncertainty, or not really wanting to talk about it. they say why should we be taking high school trips to bergen—belsen? why should we have to, as kids, be fed this sense of our collective responsibili

we recently took our kids to auschwitz as a way to make sure this historical sense of how things caneurope, it's important to pass on. francine: is there a shortcoming in human nature that frustrates you when you do business? philipp: i struggle with people who don't have a framework on how they think. i find it important for people to develop an ability to think about the problem, no matter what the problem is, in a reasonably disciplined way. i think erratic thinking leads to erraticad outcomes. francine: where do you see yourself in five years? philipp: i used to be with a couple others, mark carney. we always used to be the youngest in the room. i noticed recently that in the last year or so when i'm standing in the elevator on the way up, new york, offices, i am realizing i am amongst the oldest. so i am beginning to think about that. i can certainly imagine being at blackrock. i think we, we have a tremendous five years ahead of us, in terms of change, challenges, and other than that, i have learned in life, you have to be prepared for surprises, and then react accordingly. but

fifteen it was displayed at a crackles museum of contemporary art as part of an exhibition about auschwitz in the film of the naked men and women of varying ages chase each other in the gas chamber. well the video has come in for a barrage of criticism museum's director says people are simply misunderstanding the sense of it but under pressure the film has been removed from the museum's website. i sixty five thousand people died and he stood huff concentration camp many starved or froze to death and others were gassed the camp was liberated by the soviet army at the end of world war two political commentator. thinks some in poland are trying to rewrite history. in our days we see constant attempts to rewrite the history of second of all war and the reason very strong feeling. that it's becoming more and more cheap i mean maybe the time i have to just. concentration camps there's nothing holy. about this long as they exist of course. just be tolerated by and want to foster. a two point five magnitude earthquake has been detected in north korea close to where the country recently conducted a

. >> reporter: author michael borenstein in an emotional return to auschwitz 72 years after he was liberated as a 4-year-old. that's him in this video. >> we are so lucky to be alive. >> reporter: when we last saw him borenstein's book "survivor's club" connected him to two women who were at his side as children. >> i just want to hug you guys. can we hug? >> reporter: only 52 children under 8 survived the nazi concentration camp. now michael has met even more. at a book event in detroit, saul schulman. >> i thought it would be special to see someone actually who was even younger than me. >> reporter: he was 6 when both he and michael were hiding probably feet apart in the infirmary. >> jewish soldiers would come in periodically and yell for everyone to go out. i decided as long as i could stay here, i will. >> reporter: like michael, it was a decision that likely saved his life. >> i didn't expect to find somebody who was there in the infirmary with me. >> reporter: he's met four other survivors. >> i'm a survivor, too. >> reporter: and michael's research has brought him something else -- t

we recently took our kids to auschwitz as a way to make sure this historical sense of how things canurope, it is very important to pass on. francine: is there a shortcoming in human nature that frustrates you when you do business? philipp: i struggle when people who don't have a framework on how they think. i find it important for people to develop an ability to think about a problem, no matter what the problem is, in a reasonably disciplined way. i think sort of erratic thinking tends to lead to erratic outcomes. francine: so, final question, where do you see yourself in five years? philipp: i used to be with a couple others, mark carney. we always used to be the youngest in the room. i noticed recently that in the last year or so when i'm standing in the elevator on the way up come in new york in our offices, i am realizing i am amongst the oldest. so i am beginning to think about that. i can certainly imagine being at blackrock. i think we, we have a tremendous five years ahead of us, in terms of change, challenges, and other than that, i have learned in life, you have to be prepa

a court in germany has ruled that a 96—year—old former ss officer known as the bookkeeper of auschwitz years ago oskar groening was convicted of helping to murder 300,000 people. the constitutional court rejected the argument by groening's lawyers that imprisonment at his advanced age would violate his right to life. more than 200 peruvian writers, including the nobel prize winning author mario vargas llosa, have signed a letter condemning president pedro pablo kuczynski's decision to pardon the former leader alberto fujimori. they called it illegal and irresponsible and said it was a disgrace for peru. president kuczynski pardoned him last sunday on health grounds. the organisers of berlin's new year's eve celebrations are to set up a "safe zone" for women for the first time. hundreds of thousands of revellers are expected to flock to the city's brandenburg gate on sunday. the new security measures come two years after hundreds of women were assaulted and robbed by gangs of men during new year's eve festivities in cologne. some of the attackers had migrant backgrounds. with just over

following beautiful plantation wedding young lovers head off to honeymoon in auschwitz. that's just gonna get all over you tube dot com does exactly that night and our podcast pray on i tunes and stitcher we're also a direct t.v. channel three to watch until next time goodnight. the village of collect she has been nicknamed sleepy hollow because for some unknown reason its local residents have found victim to sleep pathetic. troll this move. it was just daniel that you. would use if you choose you how do you have a show. called scene with the good of some that scent but also the issue and the sort of but i also go along with the question your story don't disappear it's a super thing you want to go back to the point of sweet. because i didn't grow out of the grass from where did you do what we have are doing to. the world. this with. my feeling there did you have both styles there off the guts. to both of us today the first. what politicians to do something to. put themselves on the line to get accepted or rejected. so when you want to be president. or some want to be ric

following beautiful plantation wedding young lovers head off to honeymoon at auschwitz. that's just the get over to you tube god cause the back to the days and our podcast is free on i tunes and stitcher we're also a direct t.v. channel three two one until next time good on. this footage is unique because there's a tribal lands on normally off limits to the public eric's allowed in because he's the so is personal don't. people here know him simply his door to eric he's rich famous some is on the sailing yacht some flying aircraft. up until. now i. know. he's considered one of the best neurosurgeons in brazil. that's happening almost all. our associates going to busy doing nothing is going to do the population much remote is going to the people on his own . going from the call it's more than just money it's more than just revolutionary it's affecting black all that sucking in every asset class nouns of the history of humanity into one glorious up to who knows where. the. sun comes. up i'm doing nothing but. was. close. cut. what politicians do something to. put themselves

twenty fifteen it was displayed at crackups museum of contemporary art as part of an exhibition about auschwitz in the film the naked men and women of varying ages chase each other in the gas chamber or the videos come in for a barrage of criticism museum's director says people are simply misunderstanding the sense of it but under pressure the film was removed from the museum website sixty five thousand people died in the state of concentration camp many of them starved or froze to death others were gassed the count was liberated by the soviet army at the end of world war two political commentator of a door askin thinks that some in poland are trying to rewrite history in our days we see in paul on the constant attempts to rewrite the history of second world war and there is a very strong feeling also in the israel of the it's becoming more and more cheap i mean maybe the time i have to stop to destroy all these sites of former concentration camps there's nothing holding them up this long as they exist of course a humiliation cannot be just be tolerated by any one of us. thirty two teams of foo

hi i'm reading a book called, auschwitz, number 34027, the knowit rubenstein story. cspan: why did you pick that up? >> well, i was a fellow presenter at history camp colorado of a couple of months ago and. nancy geese was the presenter and it is a wonderful story about this gentleman that is, survived that camp and then three others, and then came back to colorado, and is still alive and i t guess one of the most wonderful men that you ever want to meet. cspan: once again, what was his name, roger? >> caller: it is joe rubenstein. cspan: thank you very much. >> isn't it lovely and wonderful at variety of interests people have? i mean it is pretty amazing. i'm a hearing about books that i don't really know very much about. we sell hundreds of thousands of books, but the variety of interests. there are over a couple hundred thousand books publishing every year. no one bookstore can carry all of them. that is the beauty and democracy of selling books through a lot of different independent stores because each store will have its own sensibility and hearing all of your c

a court in germany has ruled that a 96—year—old former ss officer, known as ‘the bookkeeper of auschwitzison sentence. two years ago, oskar groening was convicted of helping to murder 300,000 people. the court rejected an argument by groening's lawyers that imprisonment at his age would violate his right to life. stay with us here on bbc news. still to come: giving a dog a bone — pioneering treatment saves this pet's leg. it's hoped it could be used to help people. the labour peer lord adonis is stepping down from his role advising the government on major infrastructure projects. in his resignation letter, he cites "fundamental policy differences" on infrastructure and brexit, accusing the prime minister of "allying with ukip and the tory hard right". earlier, lord adonis joined my colleague, martine croxall, in the studio. she began by asking him if he had resigned before he was pushed. i resigned, and i regret leaving the post, i am a huge infrastructure advocates, i was the guy who got pictures to going and we did some great work, planning in london, h s3 linking the northern cities,

depressing so don't read the book but it was called searching for meaning, and he was a survivor of auschwitz and a psychologist of and he describes what i will not describe in what he went through for years and that he says analyzing myself and what little sanity i had and my experience as a psychologist i am telling you i was no longer a man. that it took me a long time to become a man again. so, when th we pressure people o where they are no longer men, if he has done an honest day's job in his life and has never had an accident and we say we are going to replace you and you know what, here are two we ask that you can join the university of washington by don't you learn bioengineering, that is the next cool thing and he's 57-years-old. he might be an outlier that it is not fair that isn't what society is supposed to tell somebody we can't even get that simplistic idea in our head when it makes sense for the society to head in a direction that this level is the beneficial then those that are paying the price which they couldn't have a force on, society owes it to them to take care of them a

we recently took our kids to auschwitz as a way to make sure that this historical sense of how thingsope, it's important to pass on. francine: is there a shortcoming in human nature that frustrates you when you do business? philipp: i struggle when people don't have a framework on how they think. i find it important for people to develop an ability to think about a problem, no matter what the problem is, in a reasonably disciplined way. i think erratic thinking tends to lead to erratic outcomes. francine: final question, where do you see yourself in five years? philipp: i used to be with a couple others, mark carney. we always used to be the youngest in the room. i noticed recently that in the last year or so when i'm standing in the elevator on the way up here in london, or in new york, our offices, i am realizing i am amongst the oldest. so i am beginning to think about that. i can certainly imagine being at blackrock. i think we, we have a tremendous five years ahead of us, in terms of change, challenges, and other than that, i have learned in life, you have to be prepared for surp

our we put on our cover memorial stones for victims of auschwitz that individual people have bought andmind their country of what they actually did. no other country has grappled with their past the way germany has, and it is a model for the way others should. and south africa had truth reconciliation but yet it still has mass unemployment, yet we are facing a lot of turbulence in a country that this weekend will decide who will lead the anc forward. ex-wife.s i am just kind of wondering what the legacy of the truth and reconciliation phase was, and whether it delivered for south africa. gideon: we have a wonderful piece in the issue on exactly that point by a south african author. the basic gist is that there are many good sides to what south africa did with the truth and reconciliation process, and it did a wonderful way of bridging the transition from apartheid to afterwards, but did not redress the structural inequities in south african society and economy that underlay the sort of white supremacy. in that sense, you are still dealing with the structural legacy of a divided society

they survived auschwitz and difficult thing to remember. how has that shaped your views of public service? >> i don't know that it's shaped my view of juning necessarily. but it has shaped my view of public service. within the last five or six years i started talking about it publicly to try to help other people, including holocaust survivors. so at one event i tried to speak by using my grandfather's words to holocaust survivors and. and one of the things he told me was serve other people and fellow man is how he would say t and i would say that a lot of my life, even though i may not have realized it, has been dedicated to the types of things he's taught me. >> thank you. >> thank you, mr. chairman. mr. duncan, you know there are a lot of concerns about the supreme court's decision in oberg felt. and why it is important and not ab sol the role of the legislative branch our country's history is rif where it's needed to make sure we are all receiving the protections guaranteed by the constitution. and i think that you mention that you thoug