soviet troops approached auschwitz seventy five years ago. while the atrocities there had been documented worldwide, people struggled to leave them. the world eventually recognize the magnitude and horror of the holocaust. she has devoted her life to telling her stories through -- to as many people as possible. without further ado, it is my pleasure and honor to introduce irene weiss. [applause] >> thank you very much for inviting me here tonight. in 2015 and 2016, i was asked to testify in the trials my family and i were part of the hunt gary and transport to auschwitz that arrived during the time they worked there. in addition to being a coplaintiff, i needed to have had close family members who were murdered there. i was not required to recognize them, who served as guards while i was a prisoner in auschwitz. i, along with other coplaintiff'ss was called to testify about what we saw in the role they played as guards in facilitating the efficient process of genocide. in the spring of 1944, my family was deported to auschwitz from hungary. i

on the 22nd i arrived in auschwitz on the 25th of january. where we were. imagine a train i don't know how many flat cars carry coal or and we were guarded by ss units patrolling all around. when it got dark there was no movement of trains on the roads on the rails because they were picked up by american fighter planes you see locomotive. the train stood at the station all night everything was Ãbin the morning it was a wet morning. snow was coming down and a commotion behind me. edit overhead bridge. look back and i see people with baker's baskets throwing chunks of bread into the open cars. >> they didn't stop? >> some of them were college misers. three days later we arrived in mount townsend. the train comes to a stop there's a bridge over the river a big river i could see ice flow going down the river. i said, this is it. this is the end and i couldn't figure out why the train didn't go across the bridge. the bridge was damaged by bombings and there were many à missing and people were falling through the cracks and they were gone and we we

but let's have a look at another clip from if the accountant of auschwitz. this one shows a professor talking about some of the questions. >> what was very important about the trial in germany was in a way it was exact opposite of what the terrible trial. i've and the terrible trial focused on the particular pathology of a very brutal guard. the trial in munich is the first trial to come along and say we don't really care if you were cruel or not. your job description was basically facilitating an act of xe exterminatation and that was your job description. >> just to be sure that we're clear, the first trial, the so-called ivan the terrible trial was a trial held in israel of john demanuke where he was mistakenly identified as perpetrator who had served and then subsequently tried and convicted in a munich court in 2011. i think in your book, debbie, one of the osi researchers says maybe he's not ivan the terrible but he's john or ivan the not as terrible, something like that, right? >> yeah. >> the slightly less terrible over the death camp. yeah. but he w

and i kept thinking, how good i had it in auschwitz one.ocumentary with the foundation, we finished it in a beautiful alps. and we were back there last year, people are living there, beautiful hotels, tourists all over, and there's an -- the town, big lakes in the alps, we were there in may, i think, snow on the alps, and i was liberated on may 6th. >> by? >> by an american tank unit called the 764th blank battalion. most of them from new jersey. [applause] i tell you that was a moment i will never forget. >> will you tell us -- i think -- i could listen to you talk all night so won't be a very good time keeper. >> we have another 40 minutes or so. >> a few hours. tell us about the -- that moment. >> so, the last -- everything fell apart. the reich was finished and they locked the camp and threw with the keys and didn't give us any remarkses and shut he water off, and and we were infested with lice and they carried a sickness and i was in a lower bunk with high fever, and somebody came into the -- i mean we were ghosts. those that were walk

honing was an ss guard at auschwitz from early 1942 until 1944. monitoring arriving prisoners as they were selected for work or sent to the gas chambers. he also helped direct and control people during the separation of families. it was on record that gruning denied any personal responsibility for the mass murder at auschwitz. he said he was morally guilty but not legally. he said he acted out of a sense of duty and was just following order orders. he believed the jews were enemies of the germany people. he simply did his part so that the camp functioned efficiently. he referred to the killing as the hungarian action. or tending to the arriving jews. reverting to nazi jargon from when he worked at auschwitz. never saying gassing or murder. he described witnessing an ss guard bashing a baby's head against the side of a truck, an action he described as inappropriate. after all, he explained, the baby could just have well been killed in another less messy way. for instance by shooting. this was his way of showing that he had empathy. it showed that t

how did auschwitz feel? what auschwitz was like. and suddenly pavel says boo. big black bold letters, boo. and look at the difference in the size of the figures. pavel, you could tell, is an adult. look at artie. what is artie? a child. a child. a survivor and a child. but at least what artie gets from going to see pavel is some idea about being validated as a son of survivors and understanding that the holocaust is an unmastered and unmasterable trauma. you can't depict it. it's unmasterable. can you do your best, you can try, you can perhaps give some indication but you can't contain it. it is just too overwhelming. okay. let's sheer the last page of the book. what do we see here? well vladdic is talking about his experience. says they are reunited after the war. we lived happily ever after. is that true? they did not live happily ever after. vladdic was miserly, mean spirited, yelling and screaming all the time. my wife tells me i do the same. they weren't too happy. although, my wife and i are happy. so what happens? near the end, he says this. so let's sto

the death march, forgive me. >> 75 years ago i was auschwitz on the 22nd-- i arrived in auschwitz theich was occupied czechoslovakia and we arrived in the afternoon and i didn't know where we were. imagine a train, i don't know how many open flat cars carrying coal or -- and we were guarded by ss units that were patrolling all around. when it got dark, there was no movement of trains on the road, on the rails, because they were picked up by american fighter plains. you see the locomotive would. so the trains stood at the station all night, everything was blacked out and there was a big air raid and in the morni morning, it was a wet morning and snow was coming down and it was a commotion behind me and there was an overhead bridge. and i looked back and i see people with bakers baskets throwing chunks of bread into the open cars and the ss guard are saying, don't throw bread, these are jews. so i said, my gosh, people still care for us, you know, that gave me, i think, gave me three months to go on. that was truly a high and these people just kept throwing bread. >> they didn't stop wh

over 100,000 hungarians died in auschwitz. talk about trauma, my god. in september 1986 after eight years of work, the first part of maus was a critical and commercial success. at least 15 foreign editions are coming out. i have gotten four serious offers to turn my book into a tv special or movie. may'68 my mother killed herself, left no note. lately i have been feeling depressed. alright mr. spiegelman, we're ready to shoot. now here's the pile of corpses. as you go down the page and the image gets larger, you see it. what does this mean, we're ready to shoot? he means ready to shoot the movie. spiegelman thinks mean ready to shoot the jews. it's a clever way of getting the message across on holocaust imagery on the second generation. questions? okay. let us continue. here is a very interesting panel, which we'll get to in one moment as soon as i get my notes together. what's going on here? well, arty is speaking to francois, reminiscing about his childhood. what does he say? he talks about his ghost brother. he got killed before i was born. he was on

someone found the documents in auschwitz museum their selection and name on it.for a pharmaceutical company. it was july of 1944. selection was in july we do it selection was. it was usually in the middle of the night. the loudspeakers were turned on and we heard very loud. [inaudible] it means attention attention. all of the inmates on the barracks run naked for selection and we knew selection was certain death. the next morning i went to my father i had to go to my work and be counted every morning and be lined up with the daily drill. onyx good day to take a nap but it was in a military fashion for three to four hours. people work collapsing and died on the spot. the strain of standing was so difficult. i managed to see them at night and the quarantine area. my father gave me a blessing through the wires. told me if i managed to survive i need to tell the world what happened here. and i never saw them again. >> host: i was going to ask you, i know leslie would ask you, you have such acronym at sea about talking about these most tragic, horrible memories. i kno

so how old were you when you went to auschwitz? years old. and i stayed in auschwitz until liberation, which was about nine months later when we were liberated. >> smith: so we made a little announcement about the fact we were starting this project. i get a call the next day from a lady called eva kor. i didn't know her at that point in time. and she says, "i want to be one of those 3-d interviews." >> maio: "i want to be a hologram." >> smith: "--a hologram." i want to be a hologram. >> stahl: stephen smith, executive director of the u.s.c. shoah foundation, and his wife and colleague heather maio smith, were running the project. >> smith: i said, "well, i'm traveling, i'm very sorry." "where're you going?" "oh, well, i've got to go new york. i'm going to d.c." "when are you gonna go to d.c.? i'm going to d.c." turns out we were going to the same event in d.c. i arrive at my hotel she's sitting in the lobby, waiting for me. >> stahl: when eva, on the right, and her twin sister miriam arrived at auschwitz, they were pulled away fro

not auschwitz. because i think it is totally [indiscernible] but auschwitz is vast. if you imagine smoke, smell, dirt on the roads, shouting, nazis, dogs, complete oblivion for the people who came off the train. -- trains. even for someone like myself, an experience like that, it is really important. and the other thing that happened while we were there as there was a survivor, who was telling israeli soldiers about his experiences in the camp. so these were young men and women from israel, from there, who did not really know anything about it. what i would suggest, is in europe, hitler's decided to completely extinguish the jewish community. some had been in europe for over 1000 years. and one way to teach kids, or to make it more immediate, i think, and you guys know this better, is to appoint people in the room and say to them, ok. you guys are going to disappear. the entire third or fourth or fifth of the class is going to disappear. how do you feel about this neighbor or that neighbor? how do you feel about not having this person in your class? i think that is t

the first is about the question about whether or not there should be direct bombing of auschwitz. the war refugee board was receiving recommendations from jewish organizations and from the american public about how to save lives. among these recommendations was bomb the rail lines leading to auschwitz, bomb the crematorium themselves. the war refugee board received this request many times. a lawyer who had become the head of the war refugee board, initially in the summer of 1944, forwards this to the war department without comment. by november of 1944 he's convinced this should happen. he says i strongly recommend the war department give series consideration to the possibility of destroying the execution chambers and crematorium through direct bombing action. you see here the assistant secretary of war. mccoy responds as he always does, by saying this is not a war aim. the department consistently said we will study the problem, or we have studied the problem. there is not evidence the ward apartment deeply studied this problem. he always says it's militarily not possible. we know

we debate or historians debate the question about whether the rail lines leading to auschwitz should have been bombed. we take up that question later. what this map is supposed do is provide a foundation of thinking about what was militarily possible. that certainly wasn't militarily possible in 1942. by 1944, it's absolutely possible. but the u.s. government decides not to do it. we're looking in this last section of the exhibition at individuals who are trying to pressure the u.s. government to take action. one of the great stories is of this man who works for the polish underground. he is in his late 20s in 1943. the polish underground smuggled him into the warsaw ghetto. he witnesses the transit of jews to one of the killing centers. nine months later in the oval office talking to fdr about this. you see here the log, fdr's appointment book, the polish ambassador is couldn'ting ings white house. he meets with fdr, tells him about the atrocities he witnessed and pleads with fdr at the end of the meeting, what can i tell the polish people? fdr says in effect, tell them we shall win

jews were often sent to auschwitz to be killed. they were all in the little camp where people where that the germans did not care much about. the food was not a good quantity. the death rate was high. this was a camp that had special art wire around it. wiesel and his father were both in the little camp. wiesel was in the infirmary when the camp was liberated. years and saw him several ago and gave him a map of the camp that he had never seen. >> i think you have given me a pretty good summary of your service. i want to thank you for allowing me into your house to sit down and talk to you. i have a few questions i would like to ask you. do you believe it is important that we have museums such as the one i represent to further educate and enlighten future generations? >> i certainly do. it tickets two years of intense effort to gather the memoirs and put out the book. we were doing a museumlike effort and that. >> do you believe it is important that middle school and high school kids continue to learn about world war ii? i learned v

had survived auschwitz. and with this photograph searched the world for her 2 daughters. and found them. when the news came that i was a stolen polish child and had to go back to my home country. and there my moods he began to tell me about my siblings who i had forgotten in the course of the fall here. october. so for that reason i was not so reluctant to return to poland. but at one spot of i wasn't afraid. but going back was hard. had forgotten her native polish. but she could communicate with her mother her. german. was lucky that she maintained contact to her german morty. and the 2 women also became friends. was now daughter to both of them. i had 2 moments. and these 2 mamas loved each other very much but they understood each other and we all. believe the dolls when they said they had not known who early to really was the result wrote to the polish red cross. was born in post 9 and after she became ill in a children's home in college was then brought to bad cold scene. that is where i picked up little an april 25th 1944 mediated by the former lebanese born associat

had survived auschwitz. and with this photograph searched the world for her 2 daughters. and found them. when the news came that i was a stolen polish child and had to go back to my home country. and there my musi began to tell me about my siblings who i had forgotten in the course of the 4 years . october of the abscessed they were out on the river on the ocean so for that reason i was not so reluctant to return to poland. that i had. spotted of i wasn't afraid at all or skinny a boy or girl. but going back was hard a load you had forgotten her native polish. but she could communicate with her mother who spoke excellent german. o.d.u. was lucky that she maintained contact to her german moti. and the 2 women also became friends a low deal was now daughter to both of them. i had 2 moments. and these 2 members loved each other very much. but they understood each other as we all. believed the dolls when they said they had not known who elites are really was the reason dar wrote to the polish red cross. so was born in post 9 and after she became ill in a children's home in co

we are going to watch a brief video about auschwitz not long ago not far away. that's exhibition now on 50 museum and then a program will begin. thank you very much. [applause] ♪ ♪ >> the deliberate destruction of art has been a technique of war since the war began because if you destroy the foundations of a people's culture, their places of worship, the beautiful things they decorate their homes with, their proudest creative achievements, then you zap their spirits and undermine their ability to fight or even to identify as the people. we've seen this in the last few years in the news and iraq in syria with the islamic state destroyed mosques, shrines and ancient sites, and hundreds of thousands of people in that region saw the things they cherished destroyed and assumed it would be the next victims. at a low risk strategy for the islamic state, resulted in a huge wave of refugees, a problem we are dealing with steel. so "hitler's last hostages" explores the many ways in which for hitler also the deliberate distraction and looting apart is a key strategy. hitle

research on the origins and history of deutsche bank is it your view that the banks financing of auschwitz is crematorium's. >> is not quite that simple but supporting the nazis was much more than financing auschwitz and with that chemical factory that supplies the poison gas. yes you know this deutsche bank was the company that the jewish owned businesses and took over the local banks off the customer ranks and it took the goal the art of the jewelry boxes so in fairness what large german companies were doing to survive at the time so that's not you need to do something evil but it is clearly a party to genocide and that's with the benefit that doesn't explain it away but the reality is we don't know for a fact we knew it was happening but i think we can apply the reasonable standard to this looking back. >> one of the board members was the ceo of deutsche bank. how could he not have known? but it is safe under the assumption that deutsche bank do about this and did it anyway and it is dangerous to make too many historical comparisons that is in comparable but it is true there is a 150 ye

dear husband said, after going into surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, i looked like a survivor of auschwitzhe said, "you must do something to build yourself up. get a personal trainer." and that's when i started, in 1999. sometimes i get so absorbed in my work, i just don't want to let go. but when it comes time to meet my trainer, i drop everything. and as tired as i may be in the beginning, i always feel much better when we finish. david: did marty's mother ever give you any advice when you met her, about how to be happily married? justice ginsburg: she gave me some wonderful advice. we were married in her home. and she said, "dear, i'd like to tell you the secret of a happy marriage." ♪ david: ok, so you met your husband, marty. you were married for 56 years. justice ginsburg: yes. david: you met him at cornell. is that right? justice ginsburg: yes, we met when i was 17 and he was 18. david: and what is the likelihood of a woman at cornell meeting somebody they marry, and that person wants to take care of child-rearing, and also cooking, as well as sharing all the other burdens of being

when the nazis came, she and her parents were sent to auschwitz. her parents were murdered there, but she lied about her age, telling the soldiers she was 18 and not 15, making her eligible to serve forced labor. she would survive being sent to several camps, including one return trip to auschwitz in a death march to bergen belson. she was still just 16 and a survivor at her liberation. she would soon move to sweden and came to the united states in 1947 upon discovering an aunt and uncle who had moved here. she'd become an x-ray technician and married harvey feldman with whom she'd raise a family. their son joseph himself, a medical doctor, working in east orange, and i spoke to him earlier today. and daughter tina. and she and harvey would see their children marry and give them three grandchildren. harvey, her husband, it should be noted, is currently in morristown medical center, also with covid-19. please, everybody, keep him in your prayers. margit was active in her synagogue and with the jewish federation among other organizations. but margit'

which would have been the case at a place like auschwitz. still, over 50,000 deaths occurred at buchenwald through brutality and machine gunning. were killed in a few days. i think in retaliation for some germans being killed. maybe some german prisoners had been killed in russia. that may have been a reason for doing it. case, there were some 56,000 deaths attributed to buchenwald. we arrived there week after third army had liberated the camp and we were the first camp administration. our little team and the week there, captainen ball put me in charge of buchenwald. here i was at 22 in charge of 20,000 liberated prisoners. it was rather amusing and a tremendous responsibility. fortunately, because i spoke french and german, i was the only member of our team who was able to communicate easily with the prisoners. almost all of them spoke german although they came from many countries. so i was very the occupied for weeks then. as soon as the war was over -- which i recall was may 8 -- we were able to get trucks and send people back to germany

more to admit refugees, and might have undertaken policies including the bombing of the railways to auschwitz that might have saved lives and whether undertaking policies including the bombing of the railway to us ofauschwitz might have saved lives. [explosions] on october 11 1939, economist alexander sox delivered a historic letter from albert & two friends -- from albert and einstein to franklin roosevelt. in the letter, the physicist described in the potential for an atomic weapon and warned that nuclear research was underway in germany. (music) roosevelt responded to a einstein's letter by authorizing a scientific committee to study whether an atomic weapon was feasible. later, he approved the creation of the manhattan project, a top-secret effort to build an atomic weapon. at a conference in september of 1944, fdr and winston churchill agreed to keep the weapon project secret from soviet leader joseph stalin. what they neither new was russian spies were keeping stalin informed of progress. a-bomb was not ready for testing until after fdr's death and germany's surrender. in july of 1945,

but they haven't collected it in the sense of auschwitz and we know why it happens and we know what they went through. so we had to piece this togethe together. because we are talking about working as the archaeologist so of communist indonesia and ideology. so this is a political story. not just of what happened but of how hard it is to discover what has happened. and the polls, especially now tell a very different story so yes, this is a story that is very politically motivated. and then to have christian and jewish polls in the soviet labor camp together because they share a language with the ukrainians and the soviets and now the polish nationalism is very strong. and then the jews have all of this as they start educating these children. and then to speak to nationalism. >> how does the work on that influence? >> i didn't know this but but then it was in part it with these communities and in the beginning and that formed in the book and then something happene happened. >> and research and the holocaust and the person that mediates with the traumatic past and after that initial meetin

to admit jewish refugees and might have undertaken policies including the bombing of the rails to auschwitzt could have saved lives. [ explosion ] on october 11th, 1939, economyist alexander sacks delivered a letter frommal beert einstein to franklin roosevelt at the white house. in the letter the distinguished physicist described the potential for an atomic weapon and warned that nuclear research was underway in germany. >>> roosevelt responded to einstein's letter by authorizing a scientific community to discover whether it was approved and later approved the manhattan project to build an atomic weaponch at a conference in hyde park in september of 1944, fdr and winston churchill agreed to keep the bomb project code name tubaloyes secret from jose stalin and russian spies were keeping stalin informed about the progress. fdr was prepared to use atomic bombs against germany and japan but a bomb was not ready for testing until after his death and germany surrendered. in july 1945 president harry s. truman authorized the use of atomic bombs against japan and bombs were dropped on japanese cit

research on the origins and history of deutsche bank, is it your view that the banks financing of auschwitz which i assume included its crematoriums, was that, did they know of what they were doing? >> yes. well, it's not quite that simple, but first of all their support of nazis is just more extensive than the construction oshawa spigot also finance the construction right next door to a chemical factory that provided poison gas. you guys know this. deutsche bank was the company that contacted many -- -- jewish owned businesses all over europe as germany conquered those country. it took over the local banks and stock stop lending and kind of help get juice out of the companies that off the customer ranks. it took the gold of the nazis had taken out of the teeth and out of the jewelry boxes of jews and others and sold it to provide the nazis with hard currency. in fairness to the bank, which sounds ridiculous from what i just said, this is what large german companies were doing in order to survive at the time. so deutsche bank is not unique in having done something evil. it is clearly a part

there was no story in the sense that there is a story of auschwitz, we have art spiegelman. we know what happened, if you go to a concentration camp you know what they went through so i had to piece this thing together and piecing it together is not so easy because we are talking about, you have to work as an archaeologist in a way, you have to dig through decades of communist amnesia, american liberalism, all these ideologies that for which you understand the past so in other words it is almost a political story, not just the story of what happened but a story of how hard it is to discover what happened because everybody tells a different story, the soviets told a different story, the polls, especially now with the current polish government tell a different story. designers tell a very different story. so yes, this is a story that was very political and things shifted so you could have christian polls in jewish polls in the soviet labor camp together and they would sort of get along because they share language and have these other people, oppressors or the ukrainians in the

this with us this year for the 1st time in 3 tickets i walked much of the cursed tracks between auschwitz and birkenau in memory of the 6000000 killed but even in these trying circumstances we will keep the flame of memory alive if. rael a ceremony was held without a live audience messages of remembrance connecting with the current crisis. the outbreak of the corona virus requires the world what fight against the virus and no less important it shows the importance of national sovereignty. unlike during the holocaust this time we're going to fight the danger on time. songs of sorrel and stories of survival as time passes how did number of survivors decreases personal stories about this darkest of times become more and more precious. some sport now in football spanish side barcelona will be selling the naming rights to its stadium for the 1st time in its history to raise money for the fight against corona virus also known as camp is $1.00 of the most iconic stadiums in world football and has held its name since opening in $195057.00 now the club's charitable foundation will be tasked with f

this with us this year for the 1st time in 3 tickets i walked much of the cursed tracks between auschwitz and birkenau and memory of the 6000000 killed but even in these trying circumstances we will keep the flame of memory alive. real a ceremony was held without a live audience messages of remembrance connecting with the current crisis. the outbreak of the coronavirus requires the world what fight against the virus and no less important it shows the importance of national sovereignty. unlike during the holocaust this time where they defy the danger on time but look at all those above. them a cool songs of sorrel and stories of survival as time passes and the number of survivors decreases personal stories about this darkest of times become more and more precious. the day starts after this. friday john minus 30 celsius. the german polar research station scientists want to send them. there on the frontline of climate change research and take a mock of their findings. disappearing i. am talk to close on monday. in 60 minutes on t w. in the. climate change. it's. not some sort of people. goin

this one says this year for the 1st time in 3 decades i won't march on the cursed tracks between auschwitz and birkenau in memory of the 6000000 killed but even in these trying circumstances we will keep the flame of memory alive. in israel a ceremony was held without a live audience messages of remembrance connecting with the current crisis. you political one of the outbreak of the coronavirus requires the world what fight against a virus no less important it shows the importance of national sovereignty unlike during the holocaust this time we're going to fight the danger on time. songs of sorrel and stories of survival as time passes and a number of survivors decreases personal stories about this darkest of times become more and more precious. china and south korea have cast doubt on media reports that north korean leader kim jong un is greatly ill after undergoing heart surgery beijing junks closest ally said it had seen no signs indicating that the 36 year old was critically ill that sentiment was echoed by officials in seoul who monitor their volatile neighbors movements very closely

when the nazis came, she and her parents were sent to auschwitz. they were murdered. but she lied about her age, telling soldiers that she was 18 and not 15, making her eligible to serve forced labor. survived, including one return trip to auschwitz. just 16 and a survivor of her liberation. she would soon move to sweden and came to the united states in 1947 after discovering and and an uncle after moving here. she would become an x-ray technician. her son, joseph, a medical doctor working in east oregon, i spoke to him earlier today, and woulder, she and harvey see their children marry and give them three grandchildren. is currently in the moorestown medical center with covid-19. please keep them in your prayers. market was active in her synagogue. but the legacy is best captured in her work to ensure that the horrorsver forgets the of the holocaust. she would share her story with tens of thousands of students across the state and serve as a founding member of the new jersey holocaust education commission and the holocaust and genocide institute. words, just as despa

it is the only museum or memorial complex from the former prison camp and former auschwitz stockouts style one - - dock out style but i wanted to capture that wide range it also geographically it is inevitable because it is such a centralized place so a lot of what is happening ends up happening in moscow but i want to resist that temptation from a characters live and work in moscow and the last important criteria at the beginning as i want to find people that they were confounding to me. and i don't know where i landed on the compromise. i wanted to emerge and still not able at that place. there is no character in the book who i would say all the way good or all the way bad or more sympathetic to the humanitarian aid worker that my heart goes out to. she dried tragically in a plane crash in 2015 before he began actively reporting for the book so he is a big boy he knows what he is doing maybe he knows better. so i don't feel that about him and he could answer for people want to hold him to account like the fake news that was on channel one so i do feel he has engaged in compromising

father was a resistance fighter executed by the nazis her mother was deported to auschwitz for her husband's actions and ended up in the machinery of the german occupiers oppression people and how long were you in the camp possible. i was probably here for around 8 or. before that in the race office in poznan and they had determined that i corresponded to the so called area . jets and the germans wanted to german eyes children of the area and race. that are said get away yourself right. 3 people. 3 life stories. with this in common. all 3 are victims of heinrich humors racist mania. the race fear s.s. visited occupied poland in 1941 and traveled through the vote to go district. in 1039 poland had been carved up between the soviets and the germans. sections of the western part of the country including the so-called racecar to lie and were incorporated into the german riteish other regions were placed under german civil administration. kamal as vision was to make sure many of the mightiest nation in the world. by bolstering the population with new progeny from abroad mainly from eastern europe

. >> my mother was a very determined person and in the holocaust and auschwitz and came out believing the best was always yet to come and history was not that important but what you would do tomorrow is d really important. >> so if you open a compound going beyond petroleum. >> that has a big impact and so i decided to go into private equity to set up a fund with no hydrocarbon energy. and several companies that are alive and well and doing things today around the world and then changes the way people thinkin about energy. and the world's largest renewable energy fund and against all the odds and with the investment return. and also to produce a proper return on investment and to say and private equity and what you are we also make money and also hydrocarbons that the second chapter is titled make. >> and that is at the root of all progress. >> my whole life with the lyearly days it is very important we don't everyone in the world whether carpentry or something to wear or something bigger like a full house. and that is very human and as opposed to the factory that is producing somethi

brother would also stay behind, had tried to flee and they been captured by the nazis and was sent to auschwitz so his experience was very different in that sense. >> thank you. >> you're welcome. >> he married in germany or he came here and -- >> fred, he married a woman injured after the war and they had two children, and he divorced later. so at the end of his life he was living by himself when i met him in west virginia. but he had sort of the a quiete after this remarkable couple of years, really couplebl of month. he lived in anonymity and he liked it thatty way i think. at the end of his life there was a movement by holocaust survivors group to give him the medal of honor, the highest congressional honor that there is. he had actually been put up for that award seven years earlier by the military, and they turned it down. he got several come he got some purple hearts, he got some silver stars and some nice metals which he showed me when i met him there. you can see them in this photo. but they passed him over in 1946 for top honors, the congressional medal of honor. and at the time of hi

my mother was a very determined person and managed to survive the holocaust in auschwitz and came out believing the best is always yet to come and you don't look back history is not that important but what you do tomorrow will be really important. >> so really the company went beyond petroleum. >> i kind of did it's very difficult to start a company with a big impact but you do need to have that in this area. so i decided to go into private equity to set up a fund that purely dealt with no one - - non- hydro come one - - non- hydrocarbon energy so respond to several companies that are alive and well and doing things today around the world which is changing the way people think about energy. and was the world's largest renewable energy and surprisingly against all the odds made good positive investment return. it also gave a proper return on investment many people when we started this in private equity i was very often introduced as that person and what you get is a good warm feeling that you are not making money but that's not true we made a lot of money but we also made very good non

she had to lie about her age just to survive at auschwitz. telling them she was 18 and not 15.e made it her mission to tell young people about the holocaust. there's so much more to her story. in her honor, we're encouraging everybody asking you, if you have a minute, read about her, read her message and never forget. that does it for our hour. thank you for letting us in your homes during these extraordinary times. entertainment giants coming together for one world tomorrow. a special to support the world health organization an the global fight to end covid-19. the event will be hosted by jimmy fallon, stephen colbert, jimmy kimmel. it's on all the networks of nbc. our coverage continues with my colleague chuck todd after a quick break. you're first. first to respond. first to put others' lives before your own. and in an emergency, you need a network that puts you first. that connects you to technology and each other. that's built with and for first responders. firstnet. the only officially authorized wireless network for first responders. because putting you first is our job.

there's no other auschwitz or.house style memorial complex on the actual site in all of russia, it's the only one so i wanted to capture that wide range of russian life and also geographically, i wanted there to be as little moscow as possible, moscow was inevitable because rod russia is such a centralized place so what's happening happens in moscow but i wanted to resist the temptation to have all my characters live and work in moscow and the last important criteria was one i alluded to at the beginning which was i wanted to find people whose compromises were confounding to me, that i couldn't fault them or answer them and i didn't know where i landed on the moral permissibility of their compromise. i wanted to emerge from my time with them still not able to cast a conclusive judgment on them and it really did end up at place red there's no character in the book who i would say is all the way good or all the way back, there's some who i am more sympathetic to, the humanitarian and aid worker doctor lisa, someone who's my heart really goes out to, she died tragically in a plane crash

by reference, was a very determined person and had managed to survive being in the holocaust in auschwitz and came out believing that the best was always yet to come and that you didn't look back in history was not that important but what we were going to do tomorrow was really importantnt. >> talking about the huge personal problem once you left bp at the top why didn't you open a new company going beyond petroleum? >> well, i kind of did. it's hard to start a company which has a big impact and you do need to have quite a big impact in this area. i decided to go into private equity and set up a fund which purely dealt with non- hydrocarbon energy and respond, as a result of that, several companies that are alive and well doing things today around the world which are changing the way people think about energyin. they're not the only companies in the fund i set up was the world's largest renewable energy fund and it is surprisingly against all the odds, made people good, positive investment return. not only does it do the right thing, which i believe it did, but it also produced a proper r