the sky above the north and baltic sea has a very particular look and feel to it. behind every cloud a dramatic play of light may be lurking. in reality it only rarely looks as colorful as in a no notice compositions. is in kind of their decision are these are not realistic portrayals they're quite fantastical when you consider that these works especially his watercolors are supposed to be set on the north involved. in. our own images of these places just can't be reconciled with nor does images of them. and that's really a testament to his exuberant imagination. and to his need for self-expression the artist had little interest in helpless looked in reality but rather in how he could bring out its potential using shapes and colors. so a male naldo reminds us of something we often forget today that the sea is a force of nature that will never truly be tamed. here beautiful but europe has a lot more to offer we ask you to let us know where you would like to send us next thanks for all the entries maybe your dream destination will be featured in one of the upcoming e

the german danish painters view of the north and baltic sea is the focus of an exhibition on the island of fur that first no doubt always included a piece of coastline in the frame as a fixed point so the viewer had something to hold on to that soon changed. the new knowledge to have sights on his sleeve all his life immuno to always chose to live and work along the north and baltic sea coast. and. all his life he stayed incredibly close to the sea all he wanted to since this elemental force of the primeval nature of the sea this me of. a million old to hire the ship to take him out during a storm so he could experience its intensity with all his senses the wind nearly blew him away while the waves almost swept him overboard he got just what he wanted the full force of nature. it made such an impression on him that he drew inspiration from it for years the expression is interpreted and reinterpreted the storm at sea over and over with not a speck of land in sight. he took the viewer out into the sea itself. and yet the painter was fascinated with one other aspect of the sea. the sky abo

baltic sea as expected to become operational next year we discussed the issue with political analyst mathias dorn felt he thinks the building of the l.n.g. facilities in germany is a compromise to donald trump's demands. seeing this on one hand concession to the demands of president trump which he raced during the nato summit this year during other occasions but on the other hand there is also you know. decision to. the infrastructure it is not only the project which was discussed yesterday the question is who is going to buy who is going to buy the more expensive elegy gas you know. question if it is subsidized by the government or not the volumes are coming from the from the united states or from north america to europe a very very small basically they have east asian market which is much more you know interesting in the economic b.y.o.b. the european market. it takes. a lot of years until she is really. competitor for four pipeline gas from from the russian federation. shoes whether flung at speakers or banged on podiums make the occasional apparent same politics and now after the

on the way from the black forest to the baltic sea there are a number of tasks to be fulfilled that the journey is by moped is only one of the many routes if you know what i tell you are fish position sex drugs and. from the exam to cut off i would repeat this with his presence and if you're pretty good to me here do you mind this new dress for today we've got. a. good journey makes the brothers realise what they've missed out on how life has maybe passed them by. because i was a good said in a way the film is about the journey to oneself about finding oneself basically is a bit of a self discovery trip that's where the makers without them knowing that beforehand they don't plan it as such because. it's an absurd meineke grand tour with many comic episodes. as i'm sure they'd be first on the other craft as i go visit him a bizarre security community even let's begin our pump as a family on the vehicle we're going to answer versus could would you know for she would any friends of it's been so long as can say it's good. yes they've really are this is germany after all out there are rules.

on the way from the black forest to the baltic sea there are a number of tasks to be fulfilled that the journey is by mopeds is only one of the many rules. you know what i tell you now for fish position sex. because something cut off i think he considers first what's the measure of it's he didn't diminish recent events from. the journey makes the brothers realize what they've missed out on how life has maybe passed them by. it was a good set in a way the film is about the journey to oneself about finding oneself basically it's a bit of a self discovery trip to the makers without them knowing that beforehand they don't plan it as such because. it's an absurd meineke crime to tour with many comic episodes. as i'm sure like the first and the other tough that's like a visit him a bizarre security subpoena feed unless it's been a pump as if a moment of the it's all the guts of answer voters could well you know for she would any friends of x. . can say it's good. yes they've really are this is germany after all and there are rules. and finally the return of an alternate very successful german

on the way from the black forest to the baltic sea there are a number of tasks to be fulfilled that the journey is by mopeds is only one of the many rules. you know what i tell you now for fish position sex. pigs how to cut off a piece with us just what's the major proceeded to michoud your mom doesn't divert from. the journey makes the brothers realize what they've missed out on how life has maybe passed them by. it was a good sort of in a way the film is about the journey to oneself about finding oneself basically it's a bit of a self discovery trip that's where the make without them knowing that beforehand they don't plan it as such because. it's an absurd meineke crimes tour with many comic episodes. as i'm sure like the first and other tough that's i have this is ahead of us our security community even less was written our pump as a family no wonder the it's all my guts and answer versus could you know for she would any friends of it's none is considered it's good. yes they've really. this is germany after all and there are rules. and finally the return of an all to national succes

on the way from the black forest to the baltic sea there are a number of tasks to be fulfilled that the journey is by moped is only one of the many rooms. you know what if i tell you my fish position. because i want to cut off i'll drink peace with its crest what's the measure pretty good to me here in this new that's from. the journey makes the brothers realise what they've missed out on how life has maybe passed them by. because i was a kid said in a way the film is about the journey to oneself about finding oneself basically is a bit of a self discovery trip to the makers without them knowing that beforehand they don't plan it as such because. it's an upset meineke grand tour with many comic episodes. as i'm sure they do first on the other stuff that's i guess is ahem a bizarre because a community even less with a big enough pump as a family no wonder it's all the guts of answer voters could put you know for she would an expensive x. that has been salon is considered. yes they've really are this is germany after all and there are no rules. and finally the return of an all to national

countries plus finland and sweden the exercises are being held in norway the north atlantic and the baltic sea the locations being interpreted as a sign to russia with relations still tense over moscow's annexation of crimea back in twenty fourteen it's taken months to get everything in position fifty thousand combat troops and support personnel two hundred and fifty aircraft sixty five ships and ten thousand military vehicles moscow says this is an anti russia exercise doubly reporter lars sheltie sic is with the troops and the tanks. why. i know. blowing up obstacles. and building bridges in just a few minutes to capabilities that the german army is bringing to try to juncture. but i've these old school skills still needed in times of hybrid warfare and cyber attacks as a result after the ukraine crisis we saw that it is more important to change back from stability operations to hire tens of thousands of what we see and as an interest to move larger formations and heavy equipment and that's had not been trained and done with within the last ten years far from the russian border germany has s

the various maneuvers will take place over the course of nearly three weeks stretching from the baltic sea to iceland critics say the games could increase tension between russia and its nordic neighbors. at least seventeen people mostly students and teachers have been killed in flash floods that hit near jordan's dead sea the group was on a school trip when their bus was washed away police managed to rescue four than thirty people they were moved to hospitals in the area. and earthquake on the greek island of zakim those has rattled western greece and damaged buildings that quake hit overnight and carried a force of six point eight according to the european seismological center a few people have been treated for minor injuries. in ireland blasphemy is a serious crime that carries heavy penalties but like many of the country's religious traditions that could soon be about to change irish voters are heading to the polls today to elect a new president and they're also being asked to decide whether blasphemy laws should be removed from the constitution surprisingly the issue is uniting both ca

the various when movers will take place over the course of nearly three weeks stretching from the baltic sea to iceland critics say the war games could increase tensions between russia and its nordic neighbors. france's oldest zoo has welcomed a new arrival a baby born in an orangutan called java she is the first one to be born of the zoo in more than ten years the world wildlife and fund says the species is critically endangered with orangutan habitats reduced by half in the last two decades now an island blasphemy is still a serious crime that carries heavy penalties but like many of the country's religious traditions that may change soon irish voters are heading to the polls today to elect a new president and they're also being asked to decide whether blasphemy laws should be removed from the constitution the issue is uniting both catholics and atheists one man has been fighting the laws for years. the christian god is an evil maniac for giving babies bone cancer jews are of there for the devil all i said was that peace of halliburton was good enough for jehovah blasphemous statements lik

the various maneuvers will take place over the course of nearly three weeks stretching from the baltic sea to iceland critics say the war games could increase tensions between russia and its nordic neighbors. an earthquake close the greek island off as it can toss has rattled western greece and damaged buildings the quake hit overnight and cadge a force of eight point six according to the european seismological center a few people have been treated for minor injuries. turkish president john has urged saudi arabia to reveal who gave the order to kill journalist jamal khashoggi and the location of his body edge one also said the kingdom sponsored prosecutor will meet his turkish counterpart in istanbul on sunday saudi officials have not admitted that. it was premeditated. at least twenty people mostly students and teachers have been killed in flash floods that hit near jordan's dead sea the group was on a school trip when their bus was washed away police managed to rescue more than thirty people they will move to hospitals in the area. in ireland blasphemy is still a serious crime that carri

trident juncture the vast gathering is taking place in norway parts of the north atlantic and the baltic sea all twenty nine nato member states plus finland and sweden are taking part it's taking months to get everything into position fifty thousand troops and support personnel two hundred fifty aircraft sixty five naval vessels and up to ten thousand military vehicles are now in the region moscow has called the maneuvers quote anti russian exercises. now our reporter l'arche told to sick accompanied the troops and the tanks and said that the support. why. i know. blowing up obstacles. and building bridges in just a few minutes to capabilities that the german army is bringing to try to juncture. but have these old school skills still needed in times of hybrid warfare and cyber attacks as a result after the ukraine crisis we saw that it is more important to change back from stability operations to hire tens of thousands of what we see and as an interest to move larger formations and heavy equipment that's had not been trained and done with within the last ten years far from the russian border

for you now because a ferry carrying more than three hundred people is apparently on fire in the baltic sea it was in route from the german city of kiel to the little lithuanian town of color peda a spokesperson for the lithuanian military says that a helicopter has been sent to the scene and we will have more on that story as it comes in here on news but in the meantime we know that germany is coalition government has reached agreement on immigration reforms designed to make the country more attractive to skilled workers from around the world the government says that it will help the europe's largest economy fill more than a million vacant positions by moving excuse me removing hurdles for qualified non e.u. citizens it stresses the deal of voids new incentives for refugees. japanese prime minister shinzo ave has his cabinet but he left the key foreign finance economy and trade ministers in place the changes come as the country faces tough trade talks with the united states there was only one woman appointed to the new cabinet. the winners of this year's nobel prize for physics have been a

the various maneuvers will take place over the course of nearly three weeks stretching from the baltic sea to iceland critics say the war games could increase tensions between russia and its nordic neighbors. japanese prime minister shinzo abi is in china for the first official visit in seven years against a backdrop of trade friction with the united states the asian rivals are working to build closer ties are being met with chinese president xi jinping to discuss regional and global issues japan's leader hailed the visit a historic turning point in the relations between the two countries. china and japan have been locked in a territorial dispute over islands in the east china sea. joining me now from beijing is the debris correspondent. welcome what is from your perspective how significant is this meeting and why do you think it comes now. historic is a big word but for himself this is probably is torek he has been unwelcome all socially unwelcome in beijing for most years that's because of his nationalist retore x. and his unwillingness to address japan's wartime on the other hand japan

operation is called pride and juncture it will stretch into parts of the north atlantic and the baltic sea it's taken months to get everything in position now fifty thousand troops and support personnel two hundred fifty aircraft sixty five naval vessels and up to ten thousand military vehicles are now in the region moscow has called the maneuvers quote and anti russian exercise to. accompany the troops and tanks. why. i know. blowing up obstacles. and building bridges in just a few minutes two capabilities that the german army is bringing to try to juncture . but i've these old school skills still needed in times of hybrid warfare and cyber attacks as a result after the ukraine crisis we saw that it is more important to change back from stability operations to higher terms of awful provisions of what we see and as an interest to move larger formations and heavy equipment and that's had not been trained and done with within the last ten years far from the russian border germany has set up its operational headquarters and then always been into lands together with troops from france the neth

military exercise since the end of the cold war the drills kicked off last week stretch from the baltic sea to i explained military forces from thirty one countries are involved in the fortnight long maneuvers with over fifty thousand personnel two hundred fifty are craft and sixty five ships taking part in all the alliance has even made its own video guide to norway where a large part of the exercises are being held. need to know we're both norway. well while the drills focus on restoring the. aggressor capital has had to replenish one of its core supplies. devastating floods it's been a tough twenty four hours for its early reports after the break. i have the honor to once again the interview alister croaky is a former e.u. diplomat and founder and director of conflicts forum and of course we're going to discuss the middle east. seems wrong. just don't call. me. yet to stamp out this day become educated and in detroit equals betrayal. when so many find themselves worlds apart we choose to look for common ground. join me every thursday on the alex simon shore and i'll be speaking to guests

military exercise since the end of the cold war the drills kicked off last week can stretch from the baltic sea to iceland military forces from thirty one countries including alliance partners sweden and finland are taking part the war games will run for two weeks with over fifty thousand personnel two hundred fifty or craft sixty five ships involved. while the drills focus on restoring the region sovereignty after an attack by a quote fictitious aggressor they asked on the capital to replenish one of its core supplies. bar owners who are fighting an overwhelming force. living on a fracking company in britain is calling for rules on gas exploration to be relaxed the spike a string of tremors resulting from its drilling activities operations resumed to earlier this month after a seven year a bomb over safety concerns to the story this hour here's probably boyko. what happens when a company's just been given the right to start shale gas extraction but tiny earthquakes keep getting in the way that's the situation in lancashire in the north of england where energy company quadrangle off to months o

military exercise since the end of the cold war the drills kicked off last week and stretched from the baltic sea to iceland in fact military forces from thirty one countries and all are involved in a fortnight long maneuvers with over fifty thousand personnel two hundred fifty aircraft and sixty five ships taking part the alliance has even made its own video guide to norway where a large part of the exercises are being held this is some things you need to know about norway puddleglum one that means a lovely morning in the symbol of all you need peace through reindeer and we have loads of reindeer. is a region where some say the returns are bordered ski on the beads and it's everything well while the drills focus on restoring the region solver and attacked by a quote fictitious aggressor vs london capital has how to replenish one of its more core supply. yeah what's a pub with no beer. cars up in flames on devastating floods it has been a tough twenty four hours for italy we reports on the latest after this. you know world of big movies. and conspiracy it's time to wake up to dig deeper to hit th

military exercise since the end of the cold war the drills kicked off last week stretch from the baltic sea to iceland military forces from thirty one countries are involved in the fortnight long maneuvers with over fifty thousand personnel two hundred fifty ft and sixty five ships taking part in the alliance has even made its own video guide to norway where a large part of the exercises are being held. this is some things you need to know about norway. that i love morning. the symbol of peace through a new year and we have. is a region where something more to eat on the beach and it's everything. well while the drills focus on restoring the region's sovereignty after an attack by a quote fictitious aggressor the capital replenishment one of its core supply. after over three years of a devastating war in yemen the united states has called on saudi arabia to stop its bombing campaign there the u.n. has described the situation in yemen as the worst humanitarian crisis in modern history washington say both sides must stop the strikes on saudi arabia should cease its fire on populated areas the

military exercise since the end of the cold war the drills kicked off last week stretch from the baltic sea to iceland military forces from thirty one countries are involved in a fortnight long maneuvers with over fifty thousand personnel two hundred fifty aircraft and sixty five ships taking part in all the alliance has even made its own video guide to norway where a large part of the exercises are being. you know we're both norway. you know. focus on restoring the. aggressor the icelandic. core supply. hard to. break. it after the break. the bed. seemed wrong. to shape our lives just to educate and in detroit because betrayal. when so many find themselves worlds apart. just to look for common ground. i would hope to do something to. put themselves on the line. to get accepted or rejected. so when you want to be president if you. want to listen. to the right person this is what the three of the people. interested in the why. you're back with the r t international a fracking company in britain is calling for rules on gas exploration to be relaxed the spot the string of earthquakes resulting

a voluntary observation of the exercise nato exercises are already underway stretching from the baltic seain eastern europe all the way to iceland in the west of the continent military forces from thirty one countries are involved in a fortnight long maneuvers with over fifty thousand personnel two hundred fifty aircraft and sixty five ships involved political analyst chris bambery thinks that will fit into a larger picture of nato has built up on russia's periphery what they are troubled by is the arm to thrash around to explain why it's needle who's launching the biggest military exercise they've hired since the cold war along russia's borders and that military exercise isn't just a one off what we're see here we should remind ourselves is the creation of a permanent needs or presence on the very borders of russia they're in violation of promises given to former soviet president gorbachev that nato would not expound into eastern europe that has happened and therefore all of this must be put inside a perspective of that need to expansion and the fact that no need to or in the very borders

the settlement was built at the end of the shoreline an inlet on the baltic sea. it was a strategic location for trading precious metals weapons and pelt today it's a treasure trove of jests. behind me the eyes heat of a viking age settlement in the ninth tenth and eleventh centuries well the first glance it doesn't look like much because it's just a green meadow but it's usually in archaeology the real treasures lie underground and here behind us there isn't a square centimeter that doesn't contain archaeological finds. and we always say hey that was archaeologically contaminated. in the nearby viking museum visitors can inspect many of the original artifacts. it's one of chalets because shine is the most popular museum. over one hundred thousand people come and usually in search of the real vikings. the museum shows the vikings highly developed from the sun still the smiths are not for example the pill jewelry things that often surprise visit is. a question for you unlike the classic image of the vikings as warriors what i find after such an intense examination

the settlement was built at the end of the shoreline an inlet on the baltic sea. it was a strategic location for trading precious metals weapons and pelt today it's a treasure trove of jests. behind me the eyes here of a viking age settlement in the ninth tenth and eleventh centuries well the first glance it doesn't look like much because it's just a green meadow but it's usually in archaeology the real treasures lie underground and here behind us there isn't a square centimeter that doesn't contain archaeological finds. and we always say hey that was archaeologically contaminated. in the nearby viking museum visitors can inspect many of the original artifacts. it's one of chalets because china's most popular museum is over one hundred thousand people come and usually in search of the real vikings. the museum shows the vikings highly developed from the sun still the smiths are not for example all the pill jewelry things that often surprise visit is. a fortune for the profession pretty unlike the classic image of the vikings as warriors what i find after such an in

military exercise since the end of the cold war the drills kicked off last week in stretch from the baltic sea to iceland military forces from thirty one countries are involved in the fortnight long maneuvers with over fifty thousand personnel two hundred fifty aircraft and sixty five ships taking part the alliances eve made to some video guide to norway were a large part of the exercises being held. norway. focused on restoring the region after an attack by a quote fictitious aggressor. cause. troubles in italy next hundreds of luxury sports cars are being destroyed by fire in the northern italian port city of. those cars were awaiting export when sea water flooded the storage area. what a mess. in the u.k. company in britain is calling for rules on gas exploration to be relaxed despite a string of tremors lately resulting from his drilling. pretties operations resumed earlier this month after a seven year battle over safety concerns but then those tremors cobra probably boy could takes up the story what happens when a company's just been given the right to start shale gas extraction but tiny

trident juncture the vast gathering is taking place in norway parts of the north atlantic and the baltic sea all twenty nine nato member states plus finland and sweden are taking part it's taken months to get everything in position fifty thousand troops and support personnel two hundred fifty aircraft sixty five naval vessels and up to ten thousand military vehicles are now in the region moscow has called the maneuvers quote and russian exercise. all our reporter lars show for six accompanied the troops and the tanks and he sends us this report . my. mind. blowing up obstacles. and building bridges in just a few minutes to capabilities that the german army is bringing to try to juncture. one of these old school skills still needed in times of hybrid warfare and cyber attacks as a result after the ukraine crisis we saw that it is more important to change back from stability operations to hire tens of thousands of what we see and as an interest to move formations and heavy equipment have not been trained and done within the last ten years far from the russian border germany has set up its oper

the nato exercises are already underway there taking place from the baltic sea in eastern europe allthe way up to iceland in the west of the continent military forces from thirty one countries are involved in the fortnight longer neuvirth consisting of over fifty thousand personnel two hundred fifty aircraft and sixty five ships the alliance has even put together a tourist guide video from norway were a large part of those exercises being held this is some things you need to know about norway. that means i love morning in the weeds a symbol of our unique history reindeer and we have lots of reindeer. is a region where some say it's a bloody good ski on the beach and it's everything well it may be thirsty work because while those tools focus on restoring the region's sovereignty after an attack by a fictitious aggressor seems the icelandic capital said to replenish one of its core supplies. only through fighting the overwhelming force. other thoughts whet your appetite for more check out our. stories twenty four seven but we don't have time to show you here because there's so much on

exercise since the end of the cold war the drills kicked off last week and they struck from the baltic sea up to iceland military forces from thirty one countries are involved in the fortnight long maneuvers with over fifty thousand personnel two hundred fifty aircraft and sixty five ships taking part the alliance has even made its own video guide to norway where a large part of the exercise is a big help. you know we're both norway. while the. region after the. aggressor the. capital we can report. sports cars have been destroyed by the northern italian port city of. seawater for. the trees to explode. in the u.k. the fracking companies calling for rules on gas exploration to be relaxed despite a string of. resulting from its drilling activities operations resumed earlier this month after a seven year battle over safety concerns but no those tremors of come back again probably boy look at the story what happens when a company's just been given the right to start shale gas extraction but tiny earthquakes keep getting in the way that's the situation in lancashire in the north of england whe

so please exercises from nato that are already underway there taking place from the baltic sea in easterneurope all the way up to iceland in the west of the continent military forces from thirty one countries are involved in a fortnight long maneuvers over fifty thousand personnel two hundred fifty aircraft sixty five ships all involved in taking part the alliance has even put together a tourist guide video for norway where a large part of the exercise is a big help this is some things you need to know about norway. but we need a lovely morning in the weeds a symbol of our unique history here and we have lots of rain here you can see it is a region where some st guillen's are boarded ski on the beach and it's everything well maybe it's a thirty business to wall those drills focus on restoring the country's sovereignty after attack by a fictitious aggressor seems the icelandic capital is said to replenish one of its core supplies. overwhelming force. fracking company in britain is calling for rules gas exploration to be relaxed despite a string of tremors resulting from his latest drilling

smoking isn't bound on this beach on germany's baltic sea. and even though it's officially frowned upon people still smoke cigarette butts are the most common form of refuse found on the. each. coastal environmentalist in van i'm going to discover that in a number of litter collecting initiatives. they've responded by installing several receptacles for the cigarette ends. to me like how long should have been twenty meters and fifteen meters fifty meters but the environmentalist want to do more than that they want to change the behavior of the smokers. in just a few minutes they find fifty bots in a small radius around one of the ashtrays. it's not just the toxins in the cigarette ends that are the problem it's the material itself that the filter is made from. as it is in empty air we can see some here where the cigarette filter is still covered with paper and the ones that are older it has a border where the paper is no longer there it has already detached and probably brought it from that but it's the filter that's the problem is that the so

observation of the exercise the need to exercise is already underway than the taking place from the baltic seain eastern europe away up to iceland in the west of the continent military forces who thirty one countries are involved in a fortnight long maneuvers with over fifty thousand personnel two hundred fifty aircraft and sixty five ships involved the alliance has even put together a tourist video guide for norway were a large part of the exercise is a big help this is some things you need to know about norway puddleglum one that means i love morning. the symbol of our uniqueness the reindeer and we have lots of reindeer. skiing is a region where some say it's only since i boarded ski on the beach and it's everything or the drills focus on restoring the region sovereignty after an attack by a fictitious aggressor the icelandic capital is said to replenish the sympathy core supply. we're fighting an overwhelming force. trucking company in britain is calling for rules on gas exploration to be relaxed despite a string of tremors resulting from a sterling activities operations resumed earlier th

the nato exercises are already under way taking place from the baltic sea in eastern europe all the way to iceland in the west of the continent military forces from thirty one countries are involved in the fortnight long maneuvers with over fifty thousand personnel two hundred fifty aircraft and sixty five ships involved live to political analyst chris bambery now to discuss this further. chris thanks for coming on to the program now. get your opinions on this do you think stoltenberg is oblivious or intentionally when he's describing russia's boston drills as non transparent you know we mentioned there how many countries were invited and what could nato gain from considering the alliance was actually invited to observe. they still go in the sense of look stupid by saying that the response from all we have an issue does invitations we have these observers or exercise if we've played it by the rules i think the what they're in trouble about is that i'm to thrash around to explain why it's needful who's launching the biggest military exercise they've hired since the cold war along russia'

pipelines through germany one such route to north stream two would expand the liveries far the baltic sea is expected to become operational next year we discussed the issue with political analyst firestone felt he thinks the building of the energy facilities in germany is a compromise through don't trumps the months. i think it is on one hand concession to the demands of president trump which he raced during the nato summit this year during other occasions but on the other hand it is also you know. decision to. the energy infrastructure it is not only the project which was discussed yesterday the question is who is going to buy who is going to buy the more expensive us you know. question if it is subsidized by the government or not the volumes coming from from the united states or from los america to europe are very very small basically they have east asian markets which is much more you know interesting in the economic b.-y. a ball than the european market and it takes i think a lot of years until she is really competent tourer for four pipeline guys from from the russian federation. sho