baron cohen and his colleagues conducted behavioral studies of children and adults . since they started by testing hormone levels in numerous samples of amniotic fluid the liquid that helps protect the fetus in the womb. we've measured the testosterone during a pregnancy in the womb in the amniotic fluid so this is the baby in the womb and some women during pregnancy have a clinical procedure called amniocentesis where a needle goes into that fluid to take out some of the fluid and we can measure testosterone in the fluid and babies vary in terms of how much of the hormone they are exposed to so boys showed more and more testosterone than girls in the amniotic fluid. in the early stages of fetal development the genitalia show no signs of gender distinction but after approximately the 7th week of gestation a gene on the y. chromosome can activate a process that results in the development of testicles lyta testosterone plays a role in the development of masculine characteristics in several parts of the male fetus including the brain. looking at these long term the facts

we've come to the university of cambridge to talk to clinical psychologist simon baron cohen. part of his research focuses on how gender affects human behavior in general and the brain in particular. we've been looking sex differences in the mind between males and females on average and one of tests that we use is where you have to find a shape that's hidden in the design as quickly as you can. and we find that on average man are faster at finding this target hidden in the overall design. baron cohen and his colleagues conducted behavioral studies of children and adolescents they started by testing hormone levels in numerous samples of amniotic fluid the liquid that helps protect the fetus in the womb. we've measured the testosterone during the pregnancy in the womb in the amniotic fluid so this is the baby in the womb and some women during pregnancy have a clinical procedure called amniocentesis where a needle goes into that fluid to take out some of the fluid and we can measure testosterone in the fluid and babies vary in terms of how much of the hormone they are exposed to

but is that the truth labor and human rights lawyer baron cohen would believes there was a lot more than meets the eye when it comes to the rallying cry of humanitarian intervention and he joins us now to discuss his new book on the subject titled no more war how the west violates international law using humanitarian intervention to advance economic and strategic interest thank you for joining us today deb. hey thanks so much for adamy you ben as the title of your book suggests you know i want to ask you 1st what recent or or what good examples of this humanitarian intervention you know best exemplifies the misuse of phrase by the united states what are some examples that we've seen recently. well i think the one that really stands out as libya. it's one will recall in 2011. to us artist pated that nato bombing of libya between march of 2011 and in october 2011. this was under the obama administration and the 3 people who really pushed this operation were stealthed anointed the man it turned interventionist and that was hillary clinton susan rice and samantha power samantha power famousl