but at that time there was actually the -- an economists name barry chestwick, who began too write about assimilation issues and how immigrants assimilated. as the graduate school at columbia attend one of his seminars and i was predisposed to be interested in issue. eventually i moved to california, some in california this is the early '80s i gap to see visually the everyday change that a very large migration flow was having on the labor market in southern california, and my memory went back to that september anywhere went -- back at columbia in the mid-70s when i was a student and that's one of the spark that led to my interest in immigration economics. so, i began to analyze and actually my cuban experience had a lot to do with it in the following sense if happened to leave cuba just about a week before the missile crisis closed down the door for many years. this was the paper i referred to earlier. basically offend that immigrants who lived in the u.s. a long time fare much more than immigrants in the u.s. to the short time. and you look at the data bright now, you clearly sense patt