now batista has fled. now a new leader -- castro. certain to be dominant in cuba's new era just the young. -- begun. >> you are watching american history tv, all weekend, every weekend on c-span 3. to join the conversation, like a sonus on facebook at c-span history. >> next we visit the birmingham public library with items related to the history of alabama. >> i'm jim baggett. we're pleased to have our friends from c-span visiting today. we'll take a tour of the archives department where we have more than 30 million documents and more than half a million documents douming the history of alabama. then we'll look at documents in particular relating to the long story of race and the struggle for civil rights in the united states. in particular, this is appropriate when we're recognizing and remembering the 50th anniversary of the civil rights anniversary in the spring of 1963 and 16th street church bombing in the fall of '63. first, let's go down stairs look at our shelving and where we store a lot of this material. then we'll come bac

. >> they all worked with batista, the former dictator. >> batista was a brutal dictator, according toban figures, killed 22,000 people over five years, and tracked routine torture. he was supported by the u.s. government until late in the game. >> so how did this group of , fidel castro, che guevara, overthrow batista? and his group used a combination of guerrilla war, which they fund from several mountains, the two mountain ranges in the eastern province in cuba. then there was another group fighting from the other mountains. they tried to coordinate their activities within urban revolutionary group that was also causing repressive forces to put a lot of attention onto them. they were creating sabotage, propaganda. by 1958, was extremely unpopular. he had been a sergeant and not one of the old guard army people. he really was not in bed with the old cuban aristocrats, did not owe them any loyalty. he was in bed with the mafia. he was on good terms with them for the gambler and prostitution and all that stuff. he did not feel any kinship with the upper-middle-class or the aristocracy,

agreement with the countries because they say after the 1959 revolution, fidel castro saw the return of batistals. this is one of the issues that is bound to come up as cuban and u.s. officials meet to talk about resumption of normalized ties. they believe they will have a better chance of winning the return of these fugitives so they can at long last face justice. christine. >> patrick, thank you. >>> later today, house republicans will release a report alleging a culture of bias at the internal revenue service. it will claim that agents were advancing the political goals of president obama. >>> a four-star general will decide bowe bergdahl's state. he will decide whether to charge the 28 criminally for leaving his post in 2009. his decision will consider our report by bergdahl's former platoon mates who accuse him of deserti desertion. >>> last night's miami bowl ended in a brawl with the cougars and tigers. byu's christian stewart threw interception. chaos pursued. some throwing punches. others using helmets as weapons. >>> calls for calm after a war of words after the deaths of two new york

according to the usgs, light shaking was felt as far north as as san juan batista and santa cruz.tÑinjuries. >>> jeff ranieri is talking about the weekend forec time for that umbrella yet again. >> i know. another storm system is knocking on the heels of us right now out here in the pacific. totals, unbelievable. check it out. benudgtloehmann, over 10 inches. san jose 3.6. redwood city and mount tamalpai 7.34. you can see it at time, we did undergo a break there was a little bit0i=çç of blue skyddÑ . beautiful day outg:f÷ç here i l belvedere. temperatures primarily in the upper 50s and also low 60s with cloud cover across the bay. as we transition into tomorrow's forecast, just in case you haven't heard, that's when the next storm system is going to arrive. it does not nearly look as strong as what we dealt with earlier this week. but you putó=$,ñ a little bit o rainfall on top of already saturated ground, and it may still cause problems. we're look agent theha1 chance thunderstorms for the north bay and san francisco. and a mix of sun, clouds, and showers for the south bay penin

government for not only will the castro's golf but that generation who made the revolution or against batistare set to go to your are going to have a generation of people war and brought up during the revolution but have a different outlook. >> there is the impression that raul has been more open to negotiations. >> i think that's right. no question and the same way gorbachev wanted to ended the the war to restructure, cubes are interested in normal relations with the united states so they can restructure. >> we saw putin. >> we did. goal is toin's rebuild russia as a world power. the cubans are interested right now and what ever economic assistance they can get. i do not think the cubans want to go back to dependency they had on the soviet union which cost them so dearly. >> lessons for the future would be? >> so many. one is that the whole idea of incrementalism and the u.s. approach to cuba, you do this and you do that has not worked. the quid pro quo, reciprocity, calibrated response. -- and the one lesson as he goes to the summit is that he should go with a package of changes in the u.s.

yes, will it hell the oligarchs, rich people, people who stole land when batista was thrown out. it will help them, too. but it will also help the average cuban. >> didn't help china -- >> i agree. it's hypocritical to say we need to continue to demand human rights corrections out of cuba but not demand the same thing out of china. china is the big bear. the one you don't want to mess around with, don't want to tick off. everyone is like let's not tick off china. apply the same standards. >> bob loves it. >> dana, ted cruz you're aware of who he is, correct? >> yes, bob's friend. >> my man. >> comparing the spy swap. he calls them spies for sometht away, ted. >> he's also doing something reminiscent of the bowe bergdahl deal for sergeant bergdahl he released five senior taliban terrorists. in this instance he's releasing three cuban spies who were responsible for the murder of four american citizens for spying on u.s. military installations including the southern command. >> that is a fair comparison? >> well, i think it's a logical one. why not? the president didn't do a lot to

the world meets fidel castro when the young revolutionary leads an armed revolt against fulgencio batista met u.s. vice president richard nixon. but relations that started with this handshake quickly soured when in 1960, all u.s. businesses in cuba were nationalized without compensation. in response, the u.s. blocked off relations and a trade embargo. went downhill from there. >> i, john fitzgerald kennedy, solemnly swear. >> reporter: john f. kennedy. attempted to overthrow castro in the bay of pigs invasion. president kennedy moved forward with attempts to destabilize the cuban government with attempts to assassination castro with a poison pen. in october 1962, the missile crisis. fearing an invasion from the u.s., allowed soviet missiles on the soil causing panic. u2 spy plane spotted built by the soviet union. the showdown of the united nations, u.s. demanded their removal. >> it will be the policy of this nation to regard any nuclear missile, launch from cuba or against any nation in the western hemisphere as an attack. >> reporter: the soviet union blinked and the missiles were remo

those agreements, those treaties when cuba requested to send back to cuba people associated with the batista regime accused of horrible crimes. >> so you will not return this woman to a united states even though a court in new jersey convicted her of killing a state trooper? >> you know, governments and states have the legitimate right to concede and to give political asylum. and this is what we have done legitimately in the past for a certain number of american citizens. >> in the negotiations that led to the release of the american alan gross and another spy that you released in exchange for those three members of the cuban five and other things that were involved in this negotiation, did the obama administration raise the issue of this woman who was convicted in new jersey? was that ever put on the table as a demand in exchange for going forward with the normalization of relations? >> i don't have details to tell at this moment on this specific issue. there is also, you know by now, a decision was made by president obama to release the three members of the cuban five group who were still

us in the united states who has kids rooted like hell for that guy when he went up and defeated batista. we thought he was a democrat who believed in liberal values and he did not. can the people of cuba wholey in this country, who come from cuba, do you think they'll want anything less than justice? will they ever have peace of heart with those two men? >> we saw in south africa, there are processes of reconciliation that can occur after the bitterness of difficult moments passed. the question is, when will that bitter moment pass? and what will it take? because the fact of the matter is that, and the president in this historic step he's taking today reestablishing relations with the castro regime. there are some things he cannot do because the american embargo has been codified into law. it was really a series of executive orders put back to back that later in the '90s were codified into law. the edge of the embargo is very clear and it is almost so simple that if you read it, you say, okay. and it's this. >> what are the 123s? >> american embark over will cease to exist when the cuba

-backed dictator fulgencio batista. castro nationalized u.s.ed companies and allied his communist regime with the soviet union. president dwight eisenhower responded by cutting all ties with cuba in 1961, and imposing the embargo. a few months later, came the bay of pigs, the failed c.i.a. attempt to overthrow castro. and then, the cuban missile crisis, in october 1962, when the discovery of nuclear missiles in cuba almost plunged the u.s. and the soviet union into nuclear war. and in 1980, in the mariel boatlift, castro freed thousands of prisoners, and put them on boats to florida. looking back today, president obama said the policy of isolating cuba has not worked, and he singled out the longstanding u.s. economic embargo. >> though this policy has been rooted in best of intentions, no other nation joins us in imposing these sanctions. and it has had little effect beyond providing the cuban government with rationale for restrictions on its people. >> woodruff: lifting the embargo is subject to action by congress, and the white house said it

. >> hoy le quiero hacer un shot out a nuestra amiga ana batista, quien nos avisÓ a partir de twittertos son juguetes para niÑos de 0 a 2 aÑos. las cobijas o almohadas no podemos dejarlas en la cuna con ellos, ni taparlos ni que estÉn cerca de su cabeza. otra, la parte de las pinturas. que la pintura no se desgaste o cesÁrea, porque la pueden consumir y puede ser tÓxica. >> muchas tienen plomo. >> y cromo, que son de los contenidos mÁs nocivos. algo muy importante, las cuerdas. no pueden tener mÁs de 30 cm, que es aproximadamente esto. y muchos de los juguetes tienen algo que se desprende. si esto se sale, puede ser muy peligroso. tambiÉn, cuando tenemos hijas mÁs grandes, hay que tener cuidado con cuerdas de saltar. y por Último, tenemos todo lo que tenga alambre. esto se ve muy gracioso, pero tiene un alambre extremadamente peligroso. igual estas muÑequitas, que estÁn llenas de agujas. >> ¿y este perrito? >> los ojitos y la nariz se los arrancan y pueden atragantarse. y la parte de la baterÍa tiene que tener siempre este tornillo. muchas veces a las mamÁs no nos gusta el trabajo, pe

fidel castro on "meet the press" just three months after toppling the batista regime. >> an americanhe american people how you feel about the united states? >> why am i going to hate the people of the united states? i don't hate anybody. i have a cold with terrible chest congestion. i better take something. theraflu severe cold doesn't treat chest congestion. really? new alka-seltzer plus day powder rushes relief to your worst cold symptoms plus chest congestion. [breath of relief] oh, what a relief it is. ♪ music ♪ ...the getaway vehicle! for all the confidence you need. td ameritrade. you got this. (vo) nourished. rescued. protected. given new hope. during the subaru "share the love" event, subaru owners feel it, too. because when you take home a new subaru we donate 250 dollars to helping those in need. we'll have given 50 million dollars over seven years. love. it's what makes a subaru a subaru. take a deeeeep breath in... and... exhale... aflac! and a gentle wavelike motion... ahhh-ahhhhhh. liberate your spine... ahhh-ahhhhhh...aflac! and reach, toes blossoming... not that great

, he was able to portray himself as fighting against the united states as much as he was fighting batista. to some castro was america's fault. here's john f. kennedy in 1960. >> it was ineffective. we were never on the side of freedom. we never used our influence. today cuba is lost to freedom. >> since then the american government tried to turn cuba friendly by attempting to assassinate castro. by training to invade the bay of pigs and more recently, by trying to get up rising on the island. now after 50 years we're seeing president obama call for a different approach. but what i know deep in my bones is that if you've done the same thing for 50 years and nothing has changed you should try something different if you want a different outcome. and this gives us an opportunity for a different outcome. suddenly cuba is open to the world in ways it has not been before. >> joining ne now from havana, cuba, is nbc news correspondent jac jacob rascon. what has been the shift there? >> reporter: it's very interesting. unlike in the united states, there is no real controversy here. they don't real

. -- gettingent obama into the cuba thing, and i can remember back to batista, and what's his name came into power -- i cannot remember everything because i'm getting over a tbi, but what happened was -- host: to the topic of the of executivese action, do you have a question on that? caller: no, that i have a statement. host: we will leave it there. guest: cuba is another area where the president has used executive action. we have not seen what form that will take. there has been suggestions that we will see changes in how they issue licenses for people to travel to cuba, commerce legislation -- regulations, homeland security regulations. we do not know what form that will take. that is a somewhat different animal because we traditionally give the president more latitude on the conduct of foreign affairs. he has the power to appoint ambassadors. he has to do that with the budget congress gives him, so we will see an interesting showdown as the president tries to appoint an ambassador, to see if he can get the ambassador confirmed, and also located on the see if the congress is not appro

now batista has fled. a new leader is on the scene. fidel castro in many ways an unknown entity but certain to be dominant in cuba's new era just begun. >> you're watching "american history tv." 48 hours of programming on american history every weekend on c-span3. follow us on twitter at c-span history for information on our schedule, upcoming programs and to keep up with the latest history news. >> tom brokaw has reported for nbc news on world events for more than 50 years. mr. brokaw recounts experiences such as the fall of the berlin wall, the bush versus gore,000 presidential election and what soldiers are most memorable to him and shares anecdotes what happened before and after the cameras were on and reflects how the news media has changed in the 21st century. luke russert conducts the interview which took place at the newseum here in washington, d.c. this is about an hour ten minutes. [ applause ] >> thank you, peter. most importantly, thank you to all of you for coming out and supporting this wonderful institution. it's my favo

batista resigned to prevent more bloodshed and fled the country.is departure touched off wild rejoicing in the capital as the first rebel forces entered havana. at first, the celebration was peaceful as cheering crowds surged through the city. then the temper changed as they targeted the symbols of the overthrown regime and targeted the homes and businesses of batista's cronies.