batista invites american mobsters to run the casinos. basically running the state, milking the state in a blatant way and extremely violent as well. the secret police were going around, beating up and murdering opponents. it was this incredibly thuggish environment. fidel came to the conclusion, and many cubans came to the conclusion that this american-backed dictator could not be defeated by peaceful means. that they had to do something kind of extreme. so they decided to start an insurrection. this is way before the actual revolution begins. it's sort of the first volley. so in the east the major city is called santiago. a very beautiful place, very dreamy. it also has a barracks there, moncada. he and 100 of his friends, basically students, got together and sort of taught themselves how to shoot guns. not very well. and they made themselves uniforms to make themselves look like a soldiers. they piled into a bunch of chevrolets and buicks and dodges and sort of trundled off to attack this place that had like maybe 500 soldiers in it. a

live now to manaus, in the brazilian state of amazonas, where we can speak to romulo batista.eenpeace brazil. please tell us how bad is it? good night, mike. the fires outbreak in amazon is one of the biggest in recent yea rs. amazon is one of the biggest in recent years. in august 20, 135 fires higher than the same period in the previous year. this is even worse. it is important... can you trust these figures because the president says they are not true, lies or mistakes? yes, the government say they are lies. at the national institute of space research, well—known for their academy and respected from the science community, one thing we have to see eight of the forest have fires occurring right now. it is important because a fire is one of the ways they do deforestation here in the amazon. we talk about wildfires but the suggestion is that many of these are deliberately started ? many of these are deliberately started? yes, what we saw in the beginning of the year, this month, the organisation announced they would have a day of fire in the state and what we sow is an increase

with them on what about batista that if this muslim. if the muslim go to a community would not have joined on us we would have been a great nation. and in this ideology like it was in the nazis was a model. at 3 plans and they and they had also kept the ethnic cleansing for them was slim's in india because they did not have any place for us in india so if you understand this ideology you will understand everything like what is happening in kashmir and now we can understand that guy there was some. asters a whole was the ambassador or off him though and muslim community he was he was disappointed he had to this he was against the english children over us. he was said thinking of an independence for everyone that when. the english will leave the sea muslim hindus will always get independent but why did he call on pakistan movement because he had undistorted he had a very big my and he had a brilliant mind that had understood at that time. that this independence that they are they are born think this is not independence about us. but he ha

what were the circumstances that led batista to leave the country? >> there's a lot of analysis and studies done on that. he still had basically 40,000 troops. the guerillas ran part of the lowlands. they cut off santa clara, but that was one city. a lot of the generals assumed they would keep going and fidel himself thought it would take a couple more years at least. there's one book i find interesting called "the war of the flee". it was robert taker, a cbs newsman who becomes prorevolution and joins the revolution after fidel wins. he becomes a journalist for the revolution newspaper. he goes around carrying a revolver and everyone shakes his hand in the street because everyone knows him from the tv show. he writes a book studying guerilla warfare and how does it manage to win? he comes up with the argument that they don't militarily win. they create the conditions for collapse. they weaken the other forces, the morale goes. the soldiers don't want to fight. things start to crumble internality. if it was a pitched battle, you know, it would have b

to sing a song to batista towards the prison that wasn't very flattering so he was in solitary and justread and read and you could see his reading shift from the richer. then the politics and then economics to history to figure out how they did what they did. succumbing to us, it was an immensely disappointing time. he re-created a speech he gave at became history will absolve me where he laid out some of his platforms. so, yes he was originally sentenced for 26 years and ended up serving 26 months so it was a significant amount of time for him to get his act together. >> [inaudible] they might have been better off today. so the question is ho is has ise not been an embargo like there had been a revolution. that is an interesting question. the store is to make them just as we are trying to do now in iran. counterfactual, i don't really trade, but i am sur sure jeff wd be happy to answer. [laughter] >> this is your book launch. people have debated this for decades. but i think we came to the conclusion in the last administration be embargo outlived its usefulness with the relic of the co

batista is obviously corrupt and basically the country. eventually the whole assault got them out and they give up and decide to leave fidel in the mountains assuming that is set. but fidel has other ideas. within weeks of this incredible victory, incredible survival, he decides to send che , the other great leader, he decides to send them down into the low lands on what seems like a suicide mission to set up bases further into the islands. it's extremely beautiful, but quite exposed. they found that the people in the low lands were not that hopeful. the propaganda went out that they really shouldn't be supported. at this stage, this is where che decides to wear a beret. is going around because he had terrible asthma and he often could not walk. he had to be carried. suffer days they were going to look him around. and the losing. they kept draft, dragging him physically. he proves his leadership and he has his incredible endurance. and he sits up based there and organizes all of the other forces. on this project he meets a woman, she is a

. >> reporter: despite what we heard from the mess a officers, chief ramon batista told us the training last nine months we've reduced use of force related events by over 30%. points to the fact that we're making progress. >> reporter: but there is no universal measure of success. other city departments we surveyed like new york se ri deucing physical altercations between officers and the community doesn't necessarily mean implicit bias training is working. >> they judged a book by its cover. >> reporter: departments in hauds huh, oregon, georgia, and nebraska told us they track bias complaints against officers to determine success. but about 59% of departments who spornd spor responded to our follow-up questions say they don't have a way to know if implicit bias training is working at all. these officers say some of the new training is just for show. >> they start the video saying, we are not telling you to do this. we are here to present it. >> reporter: at the beginning of the session they say, don't do this but you have to watch it? >> correct. it kills morale because to pay for thi

the dictator the americans finally decided a couple weeks earlier that they could no longer support batista not only that, they would let him into the country so he flies to the dominican republic who welcomes him with open arms but suddenly suddenly everyone starts to filter out and they announce they just lay beethoven's knights the word gets out and people that come out with guns and they started take over and fidel himself is in the east in a farm and hears about it on the radio and guys are coming in and it's like, yeah, he thinks it's a military coup and then he realizes he's got to do something so he goes to santiago where he gives a rousing speech on the evening of new year's day where he claims a victory for the revolution and make sure to do it in a place where the spanish surrendered after the spanish-american war. part of the whole ruse of the revolution is the cubans have been trying for decades to get rid of the spanish and the united states intervened at the last minute and he saves the day that they decided to occupy cuba for three years in the military occupation and they r

rafael alves batista is a physicst who's studied the resilience of the tardigrades.hey were other places, they're the most resilient creatures known to us. other places, they're the most resilient creatures known to usm that why they're called moss piglets? exactly. it makes them sound very cute. what do they do? they essentially are just very tiny creatures and they are well known to us creatures and they are well known to us because they can survive, they can withstand very high temperatures and very high pressures. that is why they were sent in the spacecraft. so they were sent in the spacecraft. so they can survive temperatures, or ta ke they can survive temperatures, or take my 150 celsius which isjust incredible and they can be dehydrated and apparently rehydrated after ten yea rs. dehydrated and apparently rehydrated after ten years. exactly. so this is one of the most special qualities about them. when there dehydrated, some species, they return to an inactive state for the just shrink into a tiny mole and become very ha rd into a tiny mole and become very ha

the first who arrived were batista sympathizers who feared reprisals from the castro government. for the first time, because of cuban's proximity to the united states, united states is the country of first refuge, meaning refugees did not go to another country and then apply for resettlement in the united states. they went straight to the united states. especially to places like miami. the policy for cuban refugees at the time was such that these refugees would be given asylum, as part of a bigger, anti- castro, anti-communist policy. a number of requirements for early refugee populations, and these illustrated how the united states pursued its own cold war self interest is thought. first, as already mentioned, the u.s. offered a special welcome for people fleeing communism. second, the preference is given for refugees who were professionals or highly educated or skilled. this is in keeping with other immigration laws of the period. ultimately, while welcoming displaced people, has been seeing as a humanitarian act, these humanitarian efforts were often centered on the need of th

san juan batista is farther into northern california, close to san francisco bay. the priest asked the governor of california for 12 soldiers that he could send out into the field to attack the village and retrieve both the horses and the fugitives that had run away from the mission. the governor granted his request because livestock theft was a serious enough problem. and the priest reported back months later that the expedition had succeeded in rescuing 49 of the 60 horses but in the priest's words sadly quote not a soul was brought back to the mission. when one considers the skill and courage of these horse thieves, it's not surprising that the missionaries met with such limited success. i love this image. this is an image that was taken or recorded in 1856 by some surveyors who were involved in surveying the central valley of california for potential railroad track, where might be a good spot to build a railroad. for what would ultimately become the transcontinental railroad. and this one is titled "plain between the san joaquin and king rivers." the interior c

. >> despite what we heard from the mesa officers, chief roman batista told us the new training is workingence of the fact that in the last nine months we've reduced use-of-force-related events by 30% points to the fact that we're making progress. >> reporter: but there's no universal measure of success. other departments we surveyed like new york saying reducing physical altercations between officers and the community doesn't necessarily mean implicit bias training is working. >> they judge a book by its cover. >> departments in hawaii, oregon, and nebraska told us they track bias complaints against officers to determine success, but about 59% of departments who responded to our follow-up questions say they don't have a way to know if implicit bias training is working at all. these officers say some of the new training is just for show. >> they instruct in the video, we're not telling you to do this. we're presenting it. >> at the beginning they're saying, don't do this, but you have to watch it. >> correct. it kills morale because to pay for this training we had to give up something else

the san juan batista. john rawls the virginia colony , secretary stated that 20 odd knee grows were traded for food and supplies. were tradedes for food and supplies. among those first documented africans to be brought to the colony were anthony and isabella. they were married, and in 1624, it is believed they gave birth to the first african child born in english america. they named him william tucker. in honor of a virginia planter. the descendents of anthony and isabella, the tucker family, are with us this morning. in fact, this weekend's 400 year anniversary commemoration event began with yesterday's ceremony at the tucker family cemetery eight miles northwest of your. - of here. another african-american family that is here today can trace its rates to charles city in the mid-1600s. i want to knowledge the organizations and agencies that of collaborated the past five years to plan and execute not just this weekend's commemoration events, but speakers, symposiums, panel discussions, cultural events, con