that battle. the details he gives of the battle are correct, but clearly, of anyot on the roles of the unicef audit that battle. roles of any of the units of that battle. he maintained he was a veteran of the mexican war. one would suppose to be a mexican war veteran, you would have at some point travel to mexico, and he clearly did not do so any -- and he clearly did not do so. at the outbreak of the civil war, he tried to join northern infantry units, but he was too old and he did not serve in a unit at the beginning of the war. he did manage to go to frederick, maryland and get a job as a wagon driver teamster for a union regiment. and apparently, at the battle of falling waters early in the war. he would tell the story that he was actually on the site of the battle. but it doesn't appear that he was there either. and what is fascinating about it, he is presented as being a combat veteran of many wars, and it appears to me that the first was he actually saw combat on the afternoon of july 1, 18

the battle flag. how did the various, conflicting points of view evolve? and, what could we as a museum do to help people understand, and become more constructive in their dialogue -- surrounding the confederate battle fight. that's where my work again 25+ years ago. because, it had been in the news for the previous year. again, there is nothing new to all of this. we need to keep that in perspective. to all of you who know confederate flags, and christie alluded to this as well, know that there is no such thing as the confederate flag. for that matter, there is no such thing as the confederate battle flag. confederate flags are a very rich subject. the fights of the confederacy, 1861-1865 perhaps, your ancestors fought under the hardy pattern flag of the pole pattern flag or the ventolin pattern fight. or a simple state flag like this of the rock ridge reichel the 27th virginia infantry. these are all confederate battle fight. but this is not a conference about the civil war. it's a conference about

in the heat of battle.kes you so interested in him and makes you want to be here today? i come from a very small family. there aren't many of us small family. there aren't many of us to think about him. there is only really me that is left that has not a memory of him, because i didn't know him but just a memory of him, because i didn't know him butjust that connection with him and that time, because when i started toing the research i was younger than he was when he was killed and now i am much older than he was and that connection is always there. it is very personal. alistair mackie talking to me earlier about his great uncle william george robertson, and dan snow, i have met a lot of people in the last day or two who are walking round, clutching photograph, last letters from the front. it is a personal, very emotional moment for them to be here. it is an amazing moment to be there, these people are from all over the world. it was a huge allied action. i have read accou nts huge allied action. i have rea

of the battle the regiment that he said he was in was not at the battle. the commander he gives it was not a commander at that battle. the details he gives are correct on any ofy he is not the units that fought at that battle. he was a veteran of the war of 1812. instead of serving at the canadian border, he was involved in the defense of philadelphia and never saw active combat. hesome of the stories maintained that he was a veteran of the mexican war. one would suppose that you would have at some point had to have traveled to mexico, he clearly did not do so. he does not appear in any military records associated with the mexican war. at the outbreak, he tried to , butnorthern infantry unit he was too old and did not actually serve in a unit at the beginning of the war. todid manage to go frederick, maryland and get a job as a wagon driver for a union regiment. shots atrently heard the battle of falling waters early in the war. thetimes he would tell story that he was actually on the side of the battle. it doesn't appear that he was there either. is reall

over the battle flag. how did the various conflicting points of view evolve and what could we as a museum do to help people understand and become more constructive in their dialogue surrounding the confederate battle flag. that's when my work began 25-plus years ago. because it had been in the use for the previous year. nothing new to all of this. we need to keep that in perspective. all of you who know confederate flags know that there's really no such thing as the confederate flag and for that matter, there's no such thing as the confederate battle flag. confederate flags very rich subject. the flags of the confederacy 1861-1865. perhaps your ancestors fought over the van dorn battle flag, these are all confederate battle flags. but this is not a conference about the civil war, but a conference about civil war and confederate icons. when you're talking about the confederate flag as icon only one flag counts as christy said. whatever that -- the shape and size of that blue diagonal cross on the redfield,

the public should know to understand why there were so many battles over the battle flag. how did the various conflicting points of view evolve? and what could we as a museum do to help people understand and become more constructive in their dialogue surrounding the confederate battle flag? that's when my work began 25 plus years ago. because it had been in the news for the previous year. so again, there is nothing new to all of this. we need to keep that in perspective. all of who you know confederate flags and christy eluded to this as well know there is no such thing as the confederate flag and for that matter, there is no such thing as the confederate battle flags. confederate flag very rich subject. the flags of the confederacy. so perhaps your ancestor fought under this flag or this flag or simple state flag like this of the rockbridge rifle. these are all confederate battle flags. this is not a conference about the civil war. it's a conference about civil war and confederate icons. you are talking about the confederate flag as icon, only one flag counts, as christy

over the battle flag. how did the various conflicting points of view if all -- evolve, and what could we do as a museum to help people understand and become more constructive in their dialogue surrounding the confederate battle flag? that is when my work began 25-plus years ago. there is nothing new to all of this. we need to keep that in perspective. all of you know confederate there is no such thing as the confederate flag. for that matter, there is no such thing as the confederate battle flag. it is a rich subject. fought your ancestors under the van dorn flag or a simple state flag like this. these were all confederate battle flags. this is not a conference about the civil war. it is a conference about civil war and confederate icons. when you talk about this, only .ne flag counts the cross on the redfield. flaghappens to be a naval for those of you keeping track of a naval vessel. that is the flag we will be talking about today. that is the only one that really counts as an icon. we need to start the

as the battle goes on, it does not go well. the union forces will be driven by confederate through the streets back to what i called their alamo. that will be cemetery hill. that is their last ditch defensive line. he sees it as a defensive line. hancock declares it around 3:15 on july 1 of 1863. the army's start to converge more and more. it is like a summer storm. by the evening of july 1, the union army is around cemetery hill toward the center of town. they will have some divisions that will march their way back to an area called powers hill. this is a timely diversion, according to one man. it is a whole talk i could give on the confederate left flank. catching their attention long enough to make it so the confederates do not attack in cemetery hill. down to the south end of the film, round top is the home for the evening of john white gary's division. there were more troops than we saw. john buford and his troopers who are often forgotten about after the morning action, his troops end up down around the peach orchard area

this was, again, their iconic battle.ertainly, before world war ii, when you know about the marines fighting in the pacific, the battle of belleau wood stood as the main marine corps battle for heroism and this was basically designed as a park to honor the marines who fought in this area. so, standing behind me is one of the icons of the belleau wood battle. you'll see this structure in many photographs, paintings, and other depictions of this landmark battle for the marines. it was an actual private hunting preserve owned by the count and countess of belleau. they would come out here from paris, hunt wild boar and other animals. as you can see, the structure was heavily damaged and had been occupied by the germans and used as an observation post, and then american and french artillery had shattered it where it was no longer usable by the belleau family after the war. here you're looking at an artillery shell hole that had been fired by either the americans or the french. most likely using the 75-millimeter. to my right i

not in any major battles.ut certainly it's very po be that the stories that he told, it sounds like could very well be true. of actually being under fire. >> mike, tampa, florida, a veteran go, ahead. >> caller: good morning. mr. lengel, my grandfather served in the british army in the first world i. hammish langdon earl. he was awarded a commendation for bravery in combat. and that's just as an aside, just to mention his name. but what i'd like to you do is if you could please, give us a rundown as to the casualty count that each of these countries endured during the first world i, german, french, british and so on. thank you. >> speaking very broadly without giving the actual figures, i can't remember exactly. >> well i can run down figures for you and let you discuss them as we do it. germany, about 2.1 million world war i military deaths. russia, 1.8 million military deaths, france, 1.4 million military deaths, austria-hungary, 1.1 million military deaths, the united kingdom, 885,000 military deaths, the u

the way you win command of the sea was by decisive battle between great battle fleets. both the royal navy on britain i side and the german imperial navy or the high seas fleet eventually followed this concept, so their concept with how the war was going to happen is these two would fight the great battle at sea that would determine control of the sea. that didn't really happen except possibly at jutland, and i will talk more about the battle of jut atlantof jutland. i mentioned scalpel flow. that's not a great map and it's hard to determine what is what. essentially the point i want to make, here there's a wonderful anchorage. it's deep and you can put a lot of ships in there and it's north of the scottish mainland. it's a wonderful place to put a naval station, and easy to sort out of, and the main battle fleet was based there, and the battle cruisers were near that site. well the german imperial navy fought a few small engagements early in the war, but essentially by 1918 they became a fleet, the fact it was there and it could come out and fight a battle forces the e

he survived the battle. every 10 men, two wounded here or to wounded here or 200 there, too dead here or to get there. it's is something about the difficulty of the fighting. visitors spend a lot of time in front of this map once they read the caption. think it is a smudge or a bit of dirt. but it is the blood of a man who was carrying it. i'm quite proud of this gallery. it is the cbi gallery, china, verma, india. -- china, burma, india. a gigantic struggle was taking place in the asian mainland. our own purpose and our british allies was to fly supplies over the homeland mountains from and get to china to keep forces in the field. we called an entire theater china burma india. what we have here is a nice relief map of what it was like to fly the hump. taking off from somewhere in india or burma and then flying over the himalayas to get supplies and to china. flying over the himalayas is not these his flight the world. it would be difficult for modern aircraft. it was really difficult for 1940's vintage air

he fought in the battle of midway. and i merely point out the flight jacket because i have a soft spot for them and so do , many of our visitors. i see more people standing front of our aviator flight jackets, a beautiful example of craftsmanship. quite stylish. but they also hark back to that bygone era. in 1940, flight was not that old . and yet, it played such a major role in every single one of these encounters. perhaps particularly so in the war in the pacific, because of the vast differences between ships and the vast differences between islands. the war in the pacific could not have been fought without aviation, so i to this flight point jacket as one of mine y choice artifacts. realized theythey had to do something to keep up the pressure on the japanese empire into the japanese defenses. so they chose an assault on a small japanese island guadalcanal. , as we come around into the next gallery, you see our guadalcanal exhibit three, which is one of the most beautiful single rooms in the museum. it captures the

a battle fought in 1942 here in the coral see -- a signal moment, the first naval battle fought in which they'll fleet never came within line of sight of each other. they simply scouted and tried to find each other at long-range. this is pretty early on in the going, may 1942. i wouldn't say that neither side either side was particularly good at it, i think there was much stumbling around as they tried to navigate this new way of war. month, of course, june 19 42, would be the battle fought at midway, the big u.s. victory. the sinking of the four japanese aircraft carriers that changes the tenor of the pacific war. other aspects of the pacific war that were unique community unforgiving environment, the humidity, the heat scum of the jungle, the insect life, especially about american personnel were simply not used to and not immune to. so we have an entire display of medicine in the south pacific. so when i look and i see the portable x-ray machine, i know that we have also enter the modern world. we think of world war ii history, 70 years ago, but we were already using things like x-rays

the battle is iconic in history.here is no other world war i battlefield for the american that is set up like a national park service battlefield in the united states. in 1955 the monument was dedicated as he designed. he is looking tough with the shirt off. there were two regimens that ought -- fought. they were part of the second u.s. division. it was an army division during that period they lost almost 10,000 wounded and killed around 1800. >> edward lengel take us through how the battle of belleau wood and hold it -- unfolded. >> one army and marine brigade is moved up to the river in june 1918. is commanded by omar bundy. the marine brigade is commanded by --. pershing and others say as soon as the second division gets here, we need to throw it in the attack. the german offensive was already slowing down. it had stopped because the french fought so well. the germans were not driving to capture paris. this was an opportunity for americans, both marines and army to show what they can do. the marine brigade with su

come out here, come out here, bring your brother. >> battle, battle, battle, battle! >> let's roast! >> boy, you're so ugly, hello kitty said good-bye. >> oh!

>> yeah. >> battle, battle, battle!him, look at those pink sneakers, come on, get him. >> why are you wearing mom's sneakers? >> i borrowed them from you. >> how come you're wearing my belt? >> how come you're wearing a big chain? >> because i wanted to buy it. >> this is too real. >> the chain's not, though. >> the chain's not real, oh! >> why are you wearing the curtain from grandma's house? >> oh! >> it's called fashion. something you don't understand. >> oh! >> no, it's called ugly. >> oh! >> you know something about ugly every time you look in the mirror. >> oh! >> any volunteers, anybody want to roast me real quick? >> tell me why your shirt looks like a 5-year-old tried to draw a sunset. >> oh! >> take off your hat. i think i have something in my teeth, can i check? >> oh! you got me, you got me. >> i can see your nipples through your shirt, you need to get a bigger size -- oh, wait, they don't have one. >> oh! >> come on, what do you got on me? >> it's in the middle of the summer, why are you wearing halloween c

indeed, in the heat of battle. you so interested in his life and what happened to him and makes you want to be here today? i come from a very small family, so there aren't many of us to think about him. there is only really me that is left that has not a memory of him, because i obviously didn't know him, but just that connection with him and that time, because when i started doing the research, i was actually younger than he was when he was killed and now i'm obviously much older than he was and that connection's just always there. it's very personal. alasdair mackie. he's just one of the many descendants who was here today clutching photographs and medals of their relatives — many of whom gave their lives at amiens. and, crucially, this battle marked the beginning of the end for the german army. the allies were finally on? the road to armistice and eventually peace. from amiens cathedral, back to you, clive. thanks. great britain's adam peaty has won his third gold medal at the european championships in glasgow,

matz and secretary of the american battle monuments commission.provide the welcome message. [ speaking french ] >> good morning. what a wonderful beautiful day in this french countryside. in this beautiful american cemetery. ladies and gentlemen, from the french parliament and senate, the regional and departmental councils, madame mayor,, and that miller and distinguished guests and ladies and gentlemen. on behalf of the american people and president trump, good morning and welcome to the aisne-marne memorial day and world war i commemoration. the american battle monuments commission was established in 1923 by congress. that was established to commemorate and memorialize the service and the achievements and the sacrifice of u.s. armed forces. today we commemorate memorial day in 26 of our american military cemeteries located in 10 countries across four continents. i am honored to be here with you at this cemetery to pay tribute to the sacrifice these americans made in the cause of freedom. such as the men and women who lie here that they received

the battle itself is iconic in marine corps history.re is no other world war i battlefield for the americans that is set up like a national park service battlefield in the united states. in 1955 felix weldon dedicated this monument that he designed. it's the archetype of a marine. he's looking tough with his shirt off. there were two regiments of marines that fought in this area. they were part of the second u.s. division. it was an army division. during that period they lost almost 10 those wounded and killed, about 1800 of those marines were killed. >> edward lengel take us through how the battle of belleauwood and its significance. >> one marine brigged a is moved up to the marne river in 1918. it's commanded by general omar bundy and even the marine brigade is by general james harvard. jean marie degut and per shng and others say as soon as the second division gets here we need to throw it into the attack against this place called belleau wood. one thing to note here, the german offensive was already slowing down and it had practica

it would take more than this to get me out of my home. >> the battle of london was the battle of the and death, they got to their desks to spend 10 or 12 hours working, working, working. the british spirit was stronger than ever. the raf was flying higher than ever, not only higher, but further. operators. ep781. 10 aircraft. there was a big one the other night. this is your target for the night. the submarine shipbuilding yards. a widely important target. it has got to be hit hard. then the midst of life-and-death struggle, the british from strength to defend and counterattack with the few bombers they could get together. [victorious music] hit the charlie airborne, sir. can you hear me? >> ok, skipper. >> operator, is everything ok? >> it seems to be around here, sir. ♪ >> standby. i am going into a glide. [plane engine] [shooting] >> study. steady! -- [explosions] >> i got a bull's-eye with the last one. >> here was the raf giving it back. hitler cried night gangsters, for this crime, i will attack with thousands old red -- revenge. all of the german i bombers were put into the ai

the battle is raging. our machine guns chatter. we have wounded.any, his orderly has both lungs pierced bay bullet. we give him injections without much hope of saving him. sunday june 2, we are woken by the coldest of the morning, the sky is cloudless. it looks like it will be a hot day. german planes started flying over us. on the road, a poor old woman is fleeing with her husband and a goat. and they stayed until the last minute. we have received orders to stop falling back to hold our positions at any cost. 6:00 in the evening, i have gone back to the embankment, a barrage begins on the lines with mortar fire and shelling, how road is the target. shells pass over its top and explode, just a few yards from us. 7:00 in the evening, the attack begins, shelling gets more intense, the germans stream out of torsey. 8:00, we fall back. the sixth company is coming towards me. it's a sight worth seeing, they're all walking like infantry men. the sixth goes into the woods, i follow. the woods are dense, we get hooked on undergrowth everywhere. we arrive o

the battle of britain. this 53-minute u.s. war department film which was shown to service members and also in theaters details the fight in the sky over england. hollywood director frank cap remarks a team of film industry veterans and army signal corps technicians showed how the british defeated hitler's air force at a cost of more than 40,000 civilians and vast destruction on the ground. ♪ >> if conquering german armies covered western europe. the so-called master race was riding high. ♪ >> no, adolf hitler stood just as napoleon had stood more than 100 years before and looked across english channel to the one fighting obstacle that stood between him and world domination. the white cliffs of britain rose sheer and white out of the choppy waters and beyond, a little island, smaller than the state of wyoming, crush that little island and its stubborn people and the way was open for world conquest. the fall of austria, czechoslovakia, poland, denmark, norway, holland, belgium, france, had ordered for -- more than 100,000 slaves

survived the battle. that was really important to you, wasn't it? >> absolutely, yes. it's not my story. the thing is, there were 17 americans there in that major battle. all 17 were wounded with unfortunately five paying the ultimate price. >> let's start at the beginning, you were born on a dark and stormy night? no. maybe a call up? >> anyone with my reputation would have to be born on a door -- dark and stormy night, yes. i was born in oklahoma. we were farmers. i loved the farm life. i was excited after high school that i would begin college. i believe i was more interested in the good looking girls, then i were in the academics. my father decided that it might -- he might be wasting his money on me for a while in college, so i dropped out of college. i was not unemployed for long, because i was drafted right into the military, once i was no longer in college, i became a soldier. >> right. as i recall, you had some nice deployments early on. i think you and elvis hung out together a little bit. >> i

in northern france the battle of the some. the british army suffered nearly sixty thousand casualties on the first day of fighting july first. three times as much artillery was used there as in the battle of very dumb even today tons of unexploded munitions are found here every year. when the battle ended in november a total of one million men on both sides had been either killed or wounded. the allied offensive prompted german forces to make a strategic withdrawal to their main line of defense if. the devastation caused by the battle signaled a new horrific phase in the conduct of modern warfare. who preached live from wooden to i'm in the fire areas were obliterated and we all the way back to the german defensive line the villages were wiped out if there wasn't a tree stand down the roads were impassable and the wells were contaminated all that was left was smoldering rubble a barren desolate. field of fire as far as the eye can see. too but this is all good. as german troops pulled back to their main defensive line they ado

for the 100th anniversary of the battle of amiens.rld war one was changed. the historian dan snow explains the significance of the battle of amiens. one of the largest military conflicts the world had yet seen was dragging on. millions had died on both sides and neither had the upper hand. for nearly four years, the fighting on the western front had been mired in a bloody stalemate. in the autumn of 1914, german forces had crashed into france and belgium, but the allies had just managed to fight them to a standstill. the allies launched a series of mighty offences up and down the western front, like the one that took place here on the banks of the river somme in the summer of 1916. that one and others such as passchendaele were bloody failures as the british and french were unable to decisively penetrate german lines. but everything changed in the new year of 1918. germany had managed to defeat the russians over in the east and move1 million hardened veterans to the western front. these veterans attacked in spring 1918. the allies ret

boris johnson tomorrow 100 years since the battle of amiens.ty if boris johnson ever became leave the conservative party if borisjohnson ever became leader. and more than 3 million reddish gas customers are facing a rise in prices for the second time this year. customers could see an annual £44 cost hike is the standard variable tariffs goes up from october. in sport the seventh day of competition at the european championships, the first edition of all of the day came in the diving in edinburgh. and at the athletics in berlin tim duckworth leads the decathlon. just the javelin and the 1500 metres to go. and chelsea look set to break the transfer record for a goalkeeper. a full update for you in the next ten minutes or so. theresa may and prince william have attended a ceremony in northern france to mark the centenary of the battle of amiens — the beginning of the end of world war one. 3,000 members of the publicjoined the duke of cambridge and the prime minister, who gave readings, to mark the occassion. we can now cross live to amiens and spea

a battle line there. it is this movement that observers described as a grand one and a spectacle. hancock's effort, they wrote the following, " hancock had with great anxiety seen the throwing forward of sickles' court to the emmitsburg road, as he watched the movement of the division he turned and said, gentleman that is expended -- a splendid advance, but those troops will be coming back again very soon." other writers have been similar -- have similar anecdotes but they do not ring true or seem incomplete. becauseseem incomplete, hancock was not one to allow such peril to exist. particularly on his left flank. final, humphreys' advance prompted hancock to finally release the alarm and perhaps this is why when sickles headquarters,d's mead told him that to bother dismounting because he was finally going to look at the situation himself. given --cock, and gibbon, a commander of the second division of hancock, combined to make a handful of deployments. they did so in preparation for the coming storm, is a

for that battle. for distinguished service. katie lamar jackson: you were proud to wear that, were you? bennie adkins: i wore it for 48 years proudly. yes. katie lamar jackson: let's talk about the medal of honor. when you found out, 48 years later, this was happening again. i had a young captain at the time he was our commander and he was severely wounded and received a distinguished service award as colonel. he would not let it go. he had recommended me initially and didmedal of honor not like the idea that it was not approved. he stayed with it. received ater, i telephone call from the pentagon and they said at a certain time, there would be a telephone call from a height europe official. -- higher up official. it was the president of the united states. he said he approved the medal of based on the declassification of the activities and new statements that come out. he said the difficult part was, i had a wife and daughter there and they, personnel and the pentagon called a gag order. they said this cannot be talked about un

one hundred years on from the battle of amiens. a special service of commemoration is due to mark the turning point of the first world war. driving in a new direction. tesla ceo elon musk surprises shareholders by saying he's thinking of taking the electric carmaker to private ownership. a warm welcome to the programme, briefing you on all you need to know in global news, business and sport. and you can be part of the conversation. amazon wants to adjust people's voices on phone calls so that you'd hear the other person in your own accent to better understand them. the technology could use audio gathered from millions of digital assistants. but would you want to hear everyone sounding more like you? perhaps you think the use of audio from alexa devices raises privacy concerns? let me know, just use the hashtag #bbcthebriefing. there's growing criticism of the former british foreign secretary, borisjohnson, after comments he made about muslim dress. in a newspaper article he said that, although full—face veils shouldn't be banned, h

the british had almost 8500 men at that battle. jackson ended up with a total number of casualties of 71 men, 13 of whom had died. the british casualties were in excess of 2000. the disparity in casualties stunned the nation. it reaffirmed america's belief that this country existed because of the hand of divine providence, yet again reaching in and ensuring the country would survive. it also gave the europeans a newfound respect for what they had up until then considered kind of a fly-by-night experiment in self-government. when we design the exhibit, we wanted to give young people a sense of how popular jackson was. we use that term rockstar. there was no other word we could come up with that better characterize him in the modern mind. as soon as the war was over, jackson is given a tremendous number of honors. metals are struck in his honor. jackson is given a number of ceremonial sorts that would be the highest type of recognition and military -- a military man at the time could receive. you see in the case one of the ceremonial

(ken) the gun battle prompted the evacuation of armijo high school. there was a football game at the campus tonight. it is still closed tonight because there's an active investigation. parents can pick up students at the parking lot at empire and jackson. we are sending a crew to the scene and will bring you updates throughout the night. (vicki) kron4 first told you about the shooting with a push alert. stay connected on breaking news by downloading the kron4 mobile app today (vicki) traffic backed up for miles and for hours. as a hazmat crew clears an acid leak on interstate 880 in hayward the leak shut down both sides of the freeway this afternoon.(vicki)all lanes are back open tonight. (ken) but this sure caused a headache for afternoon commuters this friday kron-4' gabe slate explains what happened. here's something you don't see everydayno cars on highway 880 near hayward in either direction on a friday afternoon.traffic was diverted off the highway because this big rig carrying chemicals was leaking. there was no crash, no injuries, the driver n

it is a battle with the clock, and the same thing is being seen here in the supreme court battle as we have seen in the lower court battles, just trying to obstruct and hope that maybe they can somehow get past this election and maybe somehow, there is a democratic majority and maybe somehow, they can find scandal, no trump pun intended, to push a narrative and try to bork this nominee, but believe me, their playbook has not changed. it is the same as it was in 1987 as it is now. i am glad we have the to see from the miracle at dunkirk in a way miracle in the supreme court because we were never supposed to have this day. a were never supposed to see president trump nominating replacements for justice scalia and justice kennedy. that was never supposed to happen, and we should be excited that we live in this current reality. >> absolutely. well said. i think that that's the scene. there are some specific areas dig a little bit. i want to talk to you about the standard you alluded to. it is something we will see on our television screens. there is a battle currently over document product

it's not just about the men in battle. that is an important part. don't leave that out. but it is also about the world from which they came, the world they navigate after the war, their story and successes and failures. the things we respect in them and the things we don't respect in them. that is what gives us the wisdom. that is what history gives us. thank you. [applause] susannah: i would love some questions, if i haven't put you all to sleep. as a reminder, please go to the microphone otherwise you will have to repeat your question. >> [indiscernible] susannah: if you didn't hear that, the question is, what was i talking about with the texans have a different reaction to emancipation? the difference is when much of the white south reacts angrily, they are gravely concerned about emancipation, the texans are not worried. one of the interesting things that revealed to me as their tremendous confidence in victory. concept they will lose this war. it is absolutely impossible. emancipation will not affect them. an issue. even late in the war, they are positive they will

it is about telling the story of the battle.somme, but amiens was hugely significant. it took a war weary you rub closed to an armistice. that is the big story. but there are lots of personal stories which will be told in the cathedral. i am told of two of those who are empowering stories weapon. tell me about relation, what relation was he? it was my grandmother ‘s brother. relation was he? it was my grandmother 's brother. have you got a picture? what was he serving an? what was his regiment? he was in the australian battalion. what you know about what he did during the battle? basically he was a private in the australian army, there were woods outside and about three o'clock in the morning they moved into position for the battle that day and their objective was a point about vehicle kilometres down the road, but he was killed somewhere between the start and three colour matters. he left a letter, like a lot of soldiers. you have got a copy of it there. very sad and poignant, but he had also thought it through. if i hold it. s

it is not so much about a battle with majority or minority leader schumer it is a battle with the clock. in the same thing is being seen here in the supreme court battle as we have seen in the lower court battles. they are trying to obstruct, trying to hope that maybe they can somehow get past this election and maybe somehow the democratic majority and maybe somehow, they can find some sort of trumped up scandal, no pun intended. to push a narrative and tried to bork the nominee. believe me, their playbook has not changed. it is the same as it was in 1987 as it is now. and i'm glad that we have the opportunity to see from miracle at dunkirk in a way, a miracle on the supreme court. because we were never supposed to have this day. we were never supposed to see a president trump nominating replacements for justice scalia and justice kennedy. there was never supposed to happen and we should all be excited that we live in his current reality. [applause] >> absolutely. well said! i think that kind of sets the scene and i think there is some specific areas where we can dig a little bit with t

mihiel was a great battle. he desperately wanted, even from the moment he came to france, he had his eyes on st. mihiel because this was an area germans used to bring more troops and supplies in. while the french agreed with him, they wanted it to be a limited action. they reduced the american attack in preparation for meuse argonne. what did you think it took so long to break through? guillaume: i think the german defenses were too strong. then, they focused on other battles and it became to be quieter than. until 1918 where there was big pressure by the americans. we see supplies coming now to the front. you can see how muddy it was. mitchell: it rained most of the campaign from september 12 on. so, americans learned the hard way about trying to traverse over this muddy ground. and pushing the canons, and getting the wagons with supplies, and it was very difficult. guillaume: that is the famous one marching into the plain. look at the mud here. they are trying to make their way. sometimes horses were the only

a battle whose significance was underlined by the duke of cambridge.f those involved during the historic summer of 1918. to honour the fallen of all nations. the amiens attacks were planned to the last detail. as the clock ticked down, commanders penned their final messages. every man will carry on to the utmost of his powers until his goal is won. to those who fall, i say will you not die, but step into immortality. by lunchtime on the first day, men could hardly believe the contrast with the chaos of previous offensives. the americans swept everything before them and the german resistance collapsed. the sun broke through, we began to see the countryside that we hadn't seen for quite some time. it was unscarred. all sorts of cultivated land. we began to feel, byjove, the war's coming to an end. at least 30,000 german lives were lost, thousands more surrendered, convincing commanders that that the time had come to consider a ceasefire. age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn. at the going down of the sun and in the morning, we will remember the

he tells the story of a tiger that saved his life during the battle. the national archives hosted this hour-long event. >> i ask all vietnam veterans or united states veterans who served on active duty in the u.s. armed forces at any time during the period of november 1, 1955-may 15 1975 to stand and be recognized. [applause] as you exit the theater after this program, national archives staff and volunteers will present you with the the unum veteranole -- vietnam pin. on the back of the pen is embossed a grateful nation thanks and honors you. the united states of america vietnam memorial commemoration and a national initiative and the pen. this program is for remembering vietnam. our staff combed through the national archive records and across the country to find events that tell the stories recounted in the 12 episodes of the exhibit. one of the most powerful features of the exhibit is hearing the voices of veterans giving visitors a firsthand account of their experiences during the war. since the exhibit opened last november, we have heard from many

at the battle of the gains mill, the texas brigade suffered 571 casualties. nearly 50% of which came from the fourth texas. at manassas, 573 casualties, second nearly 50% from the fifth texas. antedum, the-- colonel said after the war it was actually closer to 86%. gettysburg, at gettysburg they lose 597 casualties. -- at gettysburg, they lose 597 casualties. the wilderness, 565 casualties of 811 men engaged. so what you should ask yourself, what i was asking myself as i was writing this book, how do they keep a brigade intact when we think about desertion rates by time we're late in the war. once big -- vicksburg falls, how do they do it? one of the things i found is that the speed with which men would return to the unit either from hospitals or when they were exchanged as prisoners, they were not making their way home. they were getting back to their home in brigade as fast as they could. that is how they sustained them. also, the question about texas for in hood's gate, the army of northern virginia was about one third of the army listed as deserted. from

the supreme court battle as we have seen in lower court battles, they are just trying to obstruct andhope that maybe they could somehow get passed this election and plain somehow democratic majority and maybe find some sort of trump-upped scandal to purr a narrative and try to borked nominee. i'm glad that we have the opportunity to see from the miracle at dunkirk a miracle in the supreme court. we were never suppose today see president trump nominating replacements for justice scalia and justice kennedy that was never supposed to happen and we should be excited that we live in this current reality. >> absolutely. [applause] >> well said i think that kind of sets the scene. first i want to ask you kind about state of play and i want to talk about you the ginsburg standard, you have alluded but we will see on television screens in late august early september, gary, there's a battle currently over document production. democrats are asking for every document that brett kavanaugh has ever held in his hands. it's overbroad clearly but there are timing considerations, there are archive cons

did before them. ♪ marines recount battles. place. here in vietnam, except for snow, they prove it. from the soft ooze of the ric

june 1918, brutal battle.bsolute slugfest. for the factble that the marines who foss in ofleau wood did so outside command control. wood was a specific environment, woods saturated with gas. you cannot see your comrades. you cannot indicate with your ,fficers, often with company not with battalion regiments, division, as the case may be. you had to make your own decisions. the marines take terrible casualties in this. but they demonstrate a number of things. one of them is fanatical aggressiveness. that really shocks the germans. of the south's publicity. publicity.f is the germans are shocked -- i have read a number of german accounts that were not intended for application -- they say these guys kept coming no matter what we would do. we would throw grenades at them, right in the middle of a group. it would kill several of them and they would keep coming. .hey would form into gangs agained of marines -- gang of marines. they would walk into battles smoking cigarettes and making independent decisions and learn

on the early morning of january 8, 1815 the battle finally takes place. through some miscommunications by the british they are put into a very vulnerable position of having to attack jackson's fortifications and in a battle that lasted somewhere between 35 and 50 minutes jackson's severely outnumbered troops have a stunning victory. jackson had almost 5,400 men all together, the british had almost 8,500 men at the battle. jackson ended up with a total number of casualties of 71 men, 13 of whom had died. the british casualties were in excess of 2,000. the disparity in casualties stunned the nation, it reaffirmed america's belief that this country existed because of the hand of divine providence, yet again reaching in and ensuring that the country would survive. it also gave the europeans a new found respect for what they had up until then considered kind of a fly by night experiment in self-government. when we designed the exhibit we wanted to give young people in particular a sense of just how popular jackson was, and we used the term rock star because th