they made a big comeback, although a lot of the bison we see, are crossed with cattle, so they are beefalos. there is a genetic mix there. that gives you a sense of how important bones were to the fertilizer trade. a quick scientific foray. soil science is also critical to the story. i won't bore you with too many details. coming into the 19th century, scientists believed in the humus theory of soil fertility, the idea that it was fertile because of the organic matter and manures that breakdown into it. this is a model of soil fertility that i think anyone is spent time doing organic farming would be familiar with. it made a bit of a return. but this man, a german chemist, challenge this and opted instead for a reductive soil chemistry that began to argue that fertile soils relied upon a couple critical nutrients. nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus. there will be a three number ratio, the ratio of those three elements. he is one of the ones that encourages us to think of fertilizer as more like vitamins then food. the humus theory saw soil as something that needed to be fed. but no, it needed

right that we hold in this country, to know why we are placed in prison, if we into ever have that beefalos. he suspended that power even though it was power granted to the congress, he also used military tribunalsment this came back as an issue with the guantanamo bay prisoners during this war on terror. but he decided that military tribunals would be the way to go. and he promulgated promulgated e proclamation and made a is during the time of war the president has the power to emaps pate the slaves because they were technically property. the dread ask the decision had not granted citizenship to slaves so while lincoln may wanted to view them as citizens they were not under he law viewed in that way. they were viewed as property. this was an instrumental approach he used. so in those states that were still under confederate control. the emancipation proclaim make freed the slaves help thought he could do that, seizing property from the enemy. this served a dual purpose for him because those emancipated slaves could then serve in the union army. lincoln also enlisted one of the most renowne