this shows a food distribution center in belgium by the commission for relief in belgium. 1914, hoover is living in london with his wife and two young sons. he's a millionaire many times over being a mining engineer and having his own consulting business. >> he's ready to return home once the war begins and my engineering friend visited him and said i need your help. i married a belgian woman and when they tried to do a quick defeat of france they violated belgium neutrality. 90% of belgium is occupied by the british and french. they won't let food enter the country, and so roughly 7 million to 8 million were beginning to have food problems. the hunger started occurring in major cities. hoover is able to break the logjam by creating what today we call a non-governmental organization, commission of relief for belgium. it didn't represent any particular country. it was created by hoover as an individual by brant whitlock who is an american ambassador to whitlock and the ambassador to spain and to belgium as an individual, and by creating this neutral entity, the british french and german

it was created by hoover as an individual, by the american ambassador to belgium, as an individual.he ambassador to spain, as an individual. by creating this neutral entity, the british, french and germans allowed it to take food to feed noncombatants. from 1914 to 1918, hoover raised over $1 billion in 1910 dollars to feed belgium and northern france. next slide. when the u.s. gets involved in the war, hoover turns the administration for the commission for the relief of belgium over to neutral parties. woodrow wilson puts him into his cabinet as the head of the u.s. food administration. hoover's task was to provide sufficient food for the war effort. there are two ways you can increase the amount of food available -- the first is to increase production, but that takes time. the second is to get americans to reduce their consumption of food. hoover was able to get american housewives to sign pledge cards, the pledge card, they would -- every day of the week, they would have to give up one or more of the four major food components that were necessary for the war effort -- wheat, suga

this shows a food distribution center in belgium by the relief in for belgium. london ver is living in with wife and two sons a illionaire many times being a mining engineer and having his on consulting business. e is ready to return home when the war begins and mining visited him riend and said i need your help. woman and belgian hen the germans tried to do a quick defeat of france they violated belgium and 90% of it occupied by germans. the british and french have and won't block aid let food enter the country. seven to eight beginning toe were problems. unger started occurring in major cities. hoover is able to break the ogjam by creating with we called a non governmentgovernme organization commission for belgium.n it didn't represent any particular country. t was created by hoover as an individual by grant whitlock the bass door to belgium and ambassador to spain an individual. neutral eating this entity the british, french and take food owed it to stuff to feed combatants. 1914 to 1918 hoover raised over a billion dollars. 1910 dollars, in order to to feed

and essentially bases the structure of unicef on what he learn friday hoover in belgium. and gets a nobel peace prize in 65. which he declines and he dies before it was awarded. he asks that it be given to the agency. there's a whole generation of people dealing with non- government organizations and humanitarian organizations after world war ii that essentially hoover mentored. and again, these are topics that again people are just starting to look at. just this whole creation of ngo's. obviously, what hoover begins to explore in world war i gets full expression in world war ii is, you know, how do you take a limited amount of food and stretch it to deal with the needs of all of these people. you know, part of it was hoover had scientists determine how many calories a day it took to keep a person alive. and then asked them to, you know -- how do those calories get divided into nutrients. they didn't talk about vitamins, but they talked about nutrients. so essentially fats, carbs, sugars. and by using that, hoover is able to determine how to take the limited amount of foo

we havejust going on in belgium, in terms of brexit talks.ve just had a tweet from michelle barney in this crucial moment from the eu negotiations or... the talks seem to be stuck very much at the moment over fishing. let's see what response we get from david frost on that. we are back at the top of the hour. now on bbc news, amanda ruggeri explores the new technology that's allowing archaeologists to explore the hundreds of mayan structures that are still hidden beneath the amazon. located in northern guatemala, the maya biosphere reserve is the largest rainforest north of the amazon, and one of the world's most important hotspots for biodiversity. it also was once the heart of the maya civilisation. today, hundreds of houses, fortifications, temples and other structures lie hidden beneath the jungle. i like this part. but some archaeologists are determined to change that. they have devoted their careers to getting the jungle to give up its secrets. and new technology has revealed that, despite decades of work, they have only begun to scratc

all right exciting developments there joining me now from near antwerp in belgium is our very own barbara basal who is outside the phasers belgian plant where the vaccine is currently being factored to barbara is pfizer prepared for this massive rollout. they have lyla been preparing for months because since the early summer the scientific news are on the front of developing this vaccine was hopeful is so this is a really real pharmaceutical giant and they've thrown all their possibilities and all of their capacities into this in order to make it happen as quickly as possible they have to enlarge this plant that you see here behind me these are extremely modern production facilities they have hired more people 3000 people are already working here and they are taking on more technician sit in order to be able to be even faster in production and we all have to remember and learn the name of this small belgian town mirrors nobody ever knew about it before it's just an industrial settlement really but it has a long tradition of pharmaceutical production of belgium is the 3rd biggest producer

last week have been arriving from pfizer's factory in belgium the logistical challenge has been immense for the vaccine needs to be kept to the round minus 70 degree celsius in england dozens of hospitals with facilities to store the super chill drug or the 1st places to administer it scotland wales and northern ireland have also begun similar programs the government sorted 40000000 doses so far and initial 800000 will be available in the 1st round of treatment this week capable of inoculating 400000 people with 2 injections 21 days apart we've shuttered our economies. and struggle through months of grief and anxiety lives who've been cut short and elderly people separated from their loved ones we've known for some time but the only sure fire way out of this pandemic is a vaccine and now a shred of hope that miller not too distant future things might start returning to normal it's hope so full 1000000 people will be back soon 80 before the end of the year when boxes of the vaccine that come in packs of almost a 1000 doses will be split up and sent to doctors' surgeries and care homes ar

well i think it's accurate especially one people of african descent black people in belgium are in that event trying to talk about black feet and said it's racism a lot of people will say well what are these people saying they come here in their countries and they want to change a technician that's actually pointing out that people don't see us as belgian are not it citizens of the net and thence and so yes of course it's an issue we don't recognize the pain of black people that people african descent but i've seen in the past years there has been some effort especially on iraq and a level to recognize these things by writing some resolution and other political statements so i think we are still not there where people recognize the being and i struggle and the structural reasons that people and people of african descent in all you are face but step by step we're moving to the right direction let's assess and where you are right now when you talk to people about black paint and you say to them look i think i don't know where you are on race and i know you that well but let me just explai

where in certain regions of belgium there's already been. rules like this already in place and in fact what the european courts of justice have done is that they're essentially backing the ruling that is already in place in certain regions of belgium so i spoke to a rights activist singer roughly aamco she's from the animal rights group guy and they had a lot to do with this rule being implemented in belgium so let's hear what she had to say. you need to accept 2020 we have to do everything we can to prevent the most suffering and the needs are there the needs exist to reversable standing exist it has been proven that you can. move and standing will not kill it and this was the condition for muslims and jewish people so i don't see why are you going to be stubborn i mean this is it should this should be the end of the discussion and it's certainly not going to be the end of discussion around very different opinions there on how to proceed with this but at the moment that's what the decision has been by the european courts of justice life tha

even old colonial that white belgian that meeting go for a while and then go back to belgium and see black beating that's weird and wrong so yes it's not the main issue but talking about colonization of the colonization is not only a western subject it's also an african subject and indeed the company excepted. i want to thank all our guests mention the sas tracy biba tansey and patrick vernon and i want to thank you too as well for watching now you can see the program again any time by this thing our web site out is there a dot com and for the discussion go to our facebook page at facebook dot com 'd forward slash a.j. inside story and you can also join the conversation on twitter we are at a day inside story from me among town and the whole team here in town and. from fossil fuels to modern day renewable as societies develop the energy demands increase requiring innovative solutions to meet such to bonds as a global power develop into the basement company nebraska power is uniquely positioned to deliver against the state we provide business growth promote social economic benefits an

we have had the netherlands, italy and belgium talking about that today.n newspaper is already reporting that by midnight restrictions could be brought in, so i'm afraid it will be very difficult for malcolm to meet up with his pa rents. for malcolm to meet up with his parents. what might we are out of time, i'm afraid.jim parents. what might we are out of time, i'm afraid. jim reed and professor nicholas stonehouse, thank you very much indeed for answering some of those questions. millions of people in england and wales are living under tighter covid restrictions, as action is taken on a new variant of the virus. in england's tier 4 areas, the stay—home instruction causes christmas plans to be scrapped, and could be in place for months. the new variant is out of control and we need to bring it under control. and this news about the new variant has been an incredibly difficult end to, frankly, an awful year. it's my son's first christmas and he won't be able to see his grandparents. it'sjust ruined, really. we've just got to try and make the best out of it

even old colonial that white belgian that meeting go for a while and then go back to belgium and seeblack beating that's weird and wrong so yes it's not the main issue but talking about colonization of the colonization is not only a western subject it's also an african subject and indeed the company excepted i want to thank all our guests mention the sas tracy biba tansey and patrick vernon and i want to thank you too as well for watching now you can see the program again any time by this thing our web site out is there a dot com and for the discussion go to our facebook page at facebook dot com 'd forward slash a.j. inside story and you can also join the conversation on twitter we are at a.j. inside story from me among conan the whole team here into. as a 2nd wave of covert 19 brings a surge in infections a few months ago there were dozens of cases a day now if we chose 2000 and countries in force new measures to curb contagion this is the 1st step for the government of meth testing the entire population scientists are on the brink of releasing new vaccines to reduce the spread of t

iimagine travelling from belgium to britain.ing some vaccine with them, but i think that's probably the only option the government want to be considering. everything else will be on the cards, including military planes flying things in. i imagine that's one of a whole host of possible options that will be discussed on a sort of menu available to the government to pick and choose, because they will want to deliver this as fast and as effectively as possible, because once it becomes available, they will wa nt once it becomes available, they will want to spread it as far as possible because as we previously talked about, the more people that take it, the greater the uptake, the great took the quicker the uptake of the more effective it can be to bring britain back to some semblance of normality. let's move on and talked briefly about this story on the observer. again, frontpage, the poll reveals the scale of alone christmas. this is an opinion poll by the observer which is talking about how many people are spending christmas on the

from a factory in a tiny town in belgium.cial correspondent lucy hough repts >> reporter: trucks are carrying the temperature- sensitive covid-19 vaccine to the u.k. from pfizer's plant in puurs, belgium, where it is being manufactured on a massivel sc it's a process which began hours after t vaccine was authorized by u.k. health regulators. in0,000 doses will arrive he next few days. the first shipments mark a milestone for scientists at biontech, who partnered with pfizer, and are now at the forefront of a medical and scientific breakthrough. >>e started this program at the end of january. to see at the beginning of november actual product leaving the factory, destined for use in people, to start protecting them against this virus, was a really great feeling. >> reporter: the vaccine was manufactured on the outskirts of this quiet town in northern belgium. up till now, puurs, population 17,000, was best known for its notoriously strong duvel beer. puurs' mayor is proud of his town's pharmaceutical success. >> we say now tha

we're hearing that belgium is doing the same and that france and.

they're being given in belgium.e to the pfizer plant, where the vaccines are made and belgium will be grateful, there you are, he is getting a bunch of flowers, as congratulations for having the vaccine. but belgium has suffered grievously from covid and had one of the highest case and death rates in europe. british businesses and people travelling to the european union are being warned to get ready for "substa ntial" changes from new year's eve. a deal setting out the future relationship between the uk and the eu was agreed on christmas eve and parliament is being recalled in two days time for mps to consider it. the cabinet office minister, michael gove, said this morning there'd be "some disruption" and "practical and procedural changes" which everyone needed to prepare for. we're doing everything we can to provide the information necessary order to enable people to recognise what we are being faced with. but inevitably, as we leave the european union, we are outside the customs union, those requirements will mea

the vaccine is being produced in belgium and some are warning that supplies could be affected if there'spost—brexit deal with the eu. and the mhra, the uk regulator which approved the coronavirus vaccine in record time, insists that no corners have been cut. also tonight... non—essential shops have re—opened in england for the first time in a month as the three—tier system comes into force. you can have a hug! there we are. relatives of those in england's care homes can visit again from today, provided they've tested negative for the virus. and we talk to the artist tracey emin about her new exhibition and the art that's kept her alive since her diagnosis of bladder cancer this summer. and coming up in a sport on bbc news... and coming up in sport on bbc news... football fans are finally able to return to some efl grounds for the first time in under nine months. good evening. the united kingdom has become the first country in the world to approve the coronavirus vaccine developed by pfizer and biontech. the roll—out will start next week with the over—80s, nhs workers, and staff in care h

germany, belgium, italy, ireland, bulgaria and austria are putting in place similar measures.ne period for those coming from britain. in the past few minutes, france has suspended passenger and human handled freight for 48 hours. here's our transport correspondent caroline davies. today at euston station, with suitcases packed, passengers rushing for a train from london to manchester, despite the fact rules against leaving tier 4 came on my site. —— came in last night. other than for legally permitted reasons. the operator said the service was socially distanced and below capacity. some passengers at euston were desperate to leave. i am terrified that i am going to spend christmas alone so i am going to go. 0thers coming back to london had mixed feelings. i don't understand, i don't know if i am going to get to my mother's for christmas, which is tier 4 and i live alone so i could say they are my support bubble, i don't know. london train stations that operate longer distance routes like king's cross and euston say this weekend has been noticeably busier than normal pandemic w

here we find another image further into belgium congo. i'm going to skip across now and take us other to latin america. hardly anyone thinking at latin america in this war, but it played a pivotal control. south american neutrals negle neglected fuelled them in the european war like mexico, argentina, or chile. that was in sodium nitrate. they had a mo nnopoly over nitre of sodiumate. it accelerated the processes that would exhaust the nitrate deposits and it reviewed the systemic fiscal weaknesses and labor and capital. chile's main trading partner was germany. it limited chile to severe depression. there is little you could do other than mine nitrate. they're arrival there exacerbated dire conditions. only with the economic recovery of 1915. prevented total social mayhem. but at the same time that this is happening, scientists in germany, chiles's former main trading partner developed a process of nitrogen fixation that doomed the industry. across the way in the pampas, this was argue tee inverage arg food rich supply. they supplied ove

we have had the netherlands, italy, belgium talking about that today.s not quite on that list yet, but a german newspaper is already talking that from midnight tonight, these could come in for germany today, tonight. so it might be difficult for malcolm to meet up with his parents. jim reed and professor nicola stonehouse, thank you very much indeed for answering some of those

last week have been arriving from pfizer's factory in belgium the logistical challenge has been immense the vaccine needs to be kept to the round minus 70 degree celsius in england dozens of hospitals with facilities to store the super chill drug are the 1st places to administer it scotland wales and northern ireland have also begun similar programs the government sorted 40000000 doses so far and initial 800000 will be available in the 1st round of treatment this week capable of inoculating 400000 people with 2 injections 21 days apart we've shuttered our economies. and struggle through months of grief and anxiety lives have been cut short and elderly people separated from their loved ones we've known for some time that the only sure fire way out of this pandemic is a vaccine and now a shred of hope the 1000000 not too distant future things might start returning to normal its hope so full 1000000 people will be back soon 80 before the end of the year when boxes of the vaccine that come in packs of almost a 1000 doses will be split up and sent to doctors' surgeries and care homes around

bought tens of millions of doses of the bio and tech pfizer vaccine which will be manufactured in belgium are i to bundestag a football now where a match up of the top 2 clubs in the league absolutely lived on to the hype by a munich host at leipsic in a game that was far from perfect on the pitch for fans the wait until match they tend to see these 2 teams go head to head was well worth it. the true battle of the going to sleep has heavyweights in munich and for biron keeper might well neuer he was a rough ride from the start a decision he'll hope to forget led to leipzig 1st goal. he left the line to head off christopher in cuckoo but he sure didn't get there on time. oh his side rebounded with 17 year old jamal most eola. in the 38th minute right-wing the ball into the bottom right corner after that biron took the lead but this time it was the right secret to bring him back to level just in clover alone in front of neuer and teach you what the half. second half neuer again left without any help as and real forsberg powers in the header. once more byron's defenses bailed out by the atta

the impact of danny's recruitment drive was felt far beyond belgium. which only dhoni other could put the insult and the person. in later accusing the acquitted minimum demeanor kansas's up. perth kids haven't met in a new school save us. tulip our home 70 you know the pattern of the fall in love how could you please could do no upon me a file a to continue. a fat pen and the like and then i saw muscular cancel may come 11. close avoca people who very. cover you come and pick that up police you $10.00 member who goes on we don't need the stuff a cloud. people. benefit by to join we do need to have public critic. also known as out the hard r.l. for selling was alleged to have had close links with louie denny in court it was claimed that i was actively recruited young people. however lawyers for danny claimed i was about was a police informant something the belgian authorities did not deny denny's 10 year sentence was later reduced on appeal to a 5 year time. she viewed her as if illiteracy she did a cannot nurse yes check for kevin you know that they 1s

just an industrial settlement really but it has a long tradition of pharmaceutical production of belgium is the 3rd biggest producer in europe and so they do have the workforce and that is one of the big advantages and also this plan to see extremely well connected traffic wise and that is the reason behind this completely unknown place in the landscape here of flanders is the place that might possibly save the world and make history in the process barbara talk to us a little bit about everybody wants to know about the logistics all that everybody is talking about right now in terms of you know the vaccines that are produced right behind you where you are at that point how will they go about distributing that to the u.k. but also across europe and the world potentially. this is a highly refined process stay at the vaccine is put into our very refrigerated vials because we have to remember this has to be kept at minus 70 degrees in order to sort of be effective and not to not to sort of break down and then it is put into special containers that they also developed here which are called wa

this is along, this is further into belgium congo. again, african porters. i'm going to skip across the atlantic now and take us over to latin america. hardly anyone thinks about latin america during this war, but it plays a pretty pivotal role. south american neutrals often neglected scholarship. nourished and fueled european armies throughout the duration of the war. like mexico, for example, that i talked about, or argentina, or chile. for them the war in nitrate. a monopoly over the nitrate of soda trade and nigtrogen for fertilizer and major constituent of explosives so thus served two of any belligerent countries most vital needs bep find with the war, however it accelerated the frauprocesses eventually ext chile's deposits and revealed the country of fiscal weaknesses and tense relation between labor and capital. chile's main trading partner before the war was germany. losing germany as a trade partner plummeted them into severe depression. the nitrate districts, highlighted, little to do other than mine nitrate in the desert. unem ploip the nitrate w

has gone tens of millions of doses of the bio and tag pfizer vaccine which will be manufactured in belgium. all right to been a think of football now where imagine of the top 2 clubs in the week absolutely lived down to the hype by i mean a co-host of the leipsic in a game that was far from perfect on the pitch but for fans the wait until match day 10 to see these 2 teams go head to head was well worth it. a true battle of the going to sleep is heavyweights in munich and for byron keeper may well neuer he was a rough ride from the start a decision he'll hope to forget led to leipzig 1st goal. he left the line to head off christopher and cuckoo but he sure didn't get there on time. his side rebounded was 17 year old jamal most eola. in the 38th minute right-wing the ball into the bottom right corner after that biron took the lead but this time it was delayed secretly bringing it back to level just in cloudera it alone in front of neuer and the half. second half neuer again left without any help as and real forsberg powers in the header. once more byron's defenses bailed out by the attack ki

bought tens of millions of doses of the bio and tech pfizer vaccine which will be manufactured in belgium a japanese space capsule carrying rare asteroid material has touched down back on earth the probe high a boost that too collected rock and soil samples that are billions of years old scientists hope the material will provide clues about the origins of the universe. books on the has ak in the earth's atmosphere after a truly incredible journey of 6 years and more than 5000000000 kilometers scientists jeff and the space agency jubilant as the capsule containing the precious asteroid samples detached from the main spacecraft becoming a fine goal in this simulation of its final approach to earth. a short while later a colleague sped towards the remote landing site deep in the australian outback. the space probe booster 2 was launched back in 2014 the last stop on its current mission the asteroid real grew some 300000 kilometers from earth the probe collected both surface dust and the 1st samples from below the surface material believed to have remained unchanged since the very formation o

gives them sort of legal backing will say if they do decide to follow the path of those regions in belgium so it's not forcing countries to do to introduce upon like that and as you can imagine there's been plenty of divided reaction to this you know i can imagine religiously has reacted angrily i believe what did they say where were leaders religious leaders of said that their right to religious freedom in your. up is being isn't being protected that in fact animal rights are more important than their rights to were essentially practice their religious beliefs now in fact prior to this decision helen kosher slaughter at was given an exemption within at the animal rights legislation that's already in place so they're feeling very angry i spoke to the european jewish association and the central council of muslims here in germany to see their reaction so let's hear what they have to say jewish people cannot leave. you the not the basic rights you really they're sure there's a decision where everyone will through this every decision the state including the jewish people are not sure that ther

rotterdam in the netherlands and also in the zebra here in belgium large elenchi import terminals already exist which are only running at about 50 percent capacity they could be used for any additional supply that's because of all will the new l.n.g. station pay for itself demand for ellen g. will be growing in the coming years the port operator a certain of that and the port could become the future site of a new environmentally friendly energy source hydrogen. is i'm with our potential customer our. we would like to find out to what extent and ellen g. terminal is a building block in the development of a hydrogen infrastructure if they're right it would be a stroke of luck for the new port and the investment would pay off for decades to come. and that's your business update here on d w at this hour for me and the team member thanks for watching. the be. a laugh. from people make fun about their own social economic and political problems. in mozambique we say that you have to laugh so you don't write it's hard people told me think they'd. as a journalist often talk about these folks in th

but the vials have to be transported from belgium in special containers at an ultra low temperature. a pizza box. they then get put into a thermal shipper, packed with dry ice, that then maintains the temperature at —70, if unopened, for ten days. the committee which advises the government on immunisation says the elderly and front—line health and care workers should be first in line. we are suggesting that vaccines are offered in order to protect people who are most at risk of dying from covid—19, as well as to protect health and social care services, because by doing so, we also protect lives. age is by far the single most important factor in terms of risk from covid—19. getting rid of social distancing and other restrictions next year will depend on tens of millions of us being vaccinated. we need people to take it. this vaccine isn't going to help you if you don't take it. and you will need two doses of this vaccine, and most of the others, to have full protection. more covid vaccines could be approved within weeks. the goal then, to immunise not just the uk, but the world. fergu

but the vials have to be transported from belgium in special containers at an ultra low temperature. pizza box. they then get put into a thermal shipper, packed with dry ice, that then maintains the temperature at —70, if unopened, for ten days. the committee which advises the government on immunisation says the elderly and front—line health and care workers should be first in line. we are suggesting that vaccines are offered in order to protect people who are most at risk of dying from covid—19, as well as to protect health and social care services, because by doing so, we also protect lives. age is by far the single most important factor in terms of risk from covid—19. getting rid of social distancing and other restrictions next year will depend on tens of millions of us being vaccinated. we need people to take it. this vaccine isn't going to help you if you don't take it. and you will need two doses of this vaccine, and most of the others, to have full protection. more covid vaccines could be approved within weeks. the goal then, to immunise notjust the uk, but the world. fergus w

other european countries are taking measures to protect themselves the netherlands belgium and italy of all banned flights from the u.k. germany is considering the same role trying to stop the spread of a new more contagious strain of the virus identified by the british government that the embargo has more from the u.k. capsule. this is regent street in the heart of london and in the run up to christmas it will usually be full of shoppers well the people out and about a generally going for a walk or just looking at decorations because all nonessential stores have been ordered closed as part of these new tier 4 restrictions here in london in the southeast in the east of england that's 18000000 people being told that at christmas they cannot meet up with any other household lots of people have had to cancel their plans they're very annoyed we've seen crowded scenes at train stations with people trying to get on board transport to other parts of the country at supermarkets there have been crowds as people try to get last minute provisions survey suggest people do support the tougher res

starting at midnight on sunday ireland france and belgium are among a growing number of countries which have announced restrictions on flights ferries and trains the travel restrictions come after british prime minister boris johnson on saturday announced tougher measures to combat the new virus strain officials say while the new mutation is much more easily transmitted it's not thought to be any more dangerous. and for more we're now joined by davies correspondent in brussels a band for engineers coming in of several european countries imposing restrictions and why aren't we seeing a unified e.u. response. the european union in brussels can only consult and coordinate the member states because the member states are solely responsible for borders and also has issues especially in emergencies so the member states act and they do the belgian prime minister alexander cause said it is only a precautionary measure because he doesn't know how dangerous this new strain of the virus is just to be safe than sorry he said we have to check and we have to consult for the on the if these measures wi

so we look here, and this is a picture of a path that went from france and belgium into belgium, and then an artist had memorialized that with his painting. but if we were to travel to lands today, like i did this summer and took a picture, this is what we would see. and what i found is that greater environmental change, occurred behind the lines and away from the killing fields. contrary to popular memory, the lens that suffered the most, we are far from the fighting. and armies in the first world war, have often been studied as social entities, but we think of them as biological entities as well which depended on a military ecology we could call it, of energy. energy extraction, production and supply. so to maintain the biological welfare of soldiers, and to keep warren action, states commandeered natural resources and expanding the wars biological footprint. so here are some examples of this. okay so cool, cool was the principal source of industrial energy in 1914, and the great fear was there would be coal shortages. this is a concern in germany and france and great britain. so t

belgium is also suspending all flights as well as train arrivals from from midnight tonight.tood that germany are looking at introducing restrictions on air travel. let's speak to the travel editor at the independent simon calder who joins us live from outside waterloo station in central london. it looks quieter today. it was a bit extra police officers would be on duty to make sure that only people with essential journeys duty to make sure that only people with essentialjourneys are travelling. i am afraid that that train has long departed, literally, from london st pancras to leicester, to derby, sheffield and leeds last night. extraordinary scenes, and people i talk to in the railway industry are very, very upset about it. they say it was an absolutely predictable response. for an awful lot of people, they were given about six hours notice to get onto a train ona six hours notice to get onto a train on a long haul trips that they had planned, perhaps for the next few days. from wednesday onwards, we are supposed to be in the christmas easing, so we saw thousands of people

added to the list, with belgium and the netherlands as well.here could be a spike in coronavirus cases after christmas, even with the tougher restrictions announced yesterday. vaughan gething said the stay—at—home rule was introduced from midnight "partly" as a result of a new variant of the virus. i'm afraid the new variant is here in wales as well. we had about 6000 welsh positive tests that went to one of the lighthouse labs that can test for this particular variant. 11% of those came back positive for the new variant. and i am afraid that of that, 600—odd cases that tested positive for the new variant, 22% of them were in north wales. we will review the measures after three weeks. i wouldn't anticipate the whole of wales would be coming out of level four after three weeks, but we will have to look at the data. we'll have to see what happens with the patterns of infection, how we are able to hopefully not just drive down but to keep on a sustained basis a lower level of infection rates. we also need to take account of the pressure our nhs is

well, pfizer's vaccine is being manufactured in belgium.brussels. what do we know about its distribution? it isa distribution? it is a huge operation, hugely important, and it seems it is getting under way. we believe the first batches of the pfizer vaccine will be taken through the eurotunnel today, from calais in northern france, emerging in folkestone in kent. they are packing it up in the pfizer battery. we were there yesterday and saw the lorries. although pfizer and biontech behind these vaccine wanted to shout about what they have created, as you can imagine, they are much less keen to give a running commentary about the travel movements about what is extremely precious cargo. it does seem good news it is on the way. another thing, some in brussels and european capitals have been raising their eyebrows at the way british ministers have been welcoming the news britain is the first to approve the vaccine. in particular gavin williamson saying today the british medical regulators were the best, better than the americans, belgians, frenc

the impact of danny's recruitment drive was felt far beyond belgium. shall we do any other critic insult than the person. he later accuses acquitted minimum demeanor kansas's up. part kids of a met in a new school say of us. tulip our home 70 you know the pattern of the fall in love how could you please could do no upon your filey to continue. in a particular way to what a fab. and the like and then i saw muscular cancel make a meal of at the. close of a cow who very. bare cover and dig the police your $10.00 member who joined we don't need the sofa clout. people who. benefit by to join we don't even know have public critic. job are also known as are the hard r.l. for selling was alleged to have had close links with louie denny in court it was claimed that i will just actively recruited young people. however lawyers for danny claimed i was about was a police informant something the belgian authorities did not deny denny's 10 year sentence was later reduced on appeal to a 5 year time. she viewed her as if illiteracy she did a couple nursed yes shot for

belgium came next, announcing borders would be closed to all travellers from the uk for 2h hours. notjust a ban on flights, but also on train and car travel. germany has followed suit, announcing a ban on uk flights until the end of the month. other countries including ireland, france and italy have also quickly announced their own individual uk travel restrictions. pressure is now growing for an eu wide response. on monday morning, european government representatives will meet to come up with a plan. the travel bans came after british health secretary, matt hancock, warned that the new strain of virus was out of control. in the uk, the move has sparked a scramble among international travellers wanting to get back home before the borders close. coming home for christmas, the most important thing is being with family. so i think ijustjumped the gun and went in. that was the idea. i paid about £250 for a flight last night, but i was meant to on wednesday. ——to come on wednesday. the lockdown already meant that this will be a quiet christmas. travel bans mean that an even more people

they'll be looking to get the better of the czech republic, belarus and estonia and be vying with belgiumlification spot. that fixture will bring back memories for wales of their famous run at the euros four years ago, where hal robson—kanu helped them beat belgium on the way to the semi—finals of that competition. wales have the taste now for more major tournaments, and will hope to reach a first world cup since the ‘50s in this group. so intriguing, isn't it? when we look then further down the pots and the seedings, we came to northern ireland and scotland. talk us through that than. yes, so some familiar opponents for england in plain poland. yeah, scotland have some familiar opponents too. they've drawn israel again — a side they've already faced twice since the pandemic and they've played in qualifying plenty of times this century. the faroe islands are another side who might give scotland fans the chills — they took points off them in qualifying 18 years ago. but having just reached their first tournament in 22 years, scotlaand are a side looking upwards now and they will be hopeful

last month. 0ff england present nations league game against belgium last month.lish is ill discipline is continuing to cause them problems. ben croucher, bbc news. to matters on the pitch and there are two matches this evening in the premier league. chelsea can go top if they beat wolves. it's the early kick off and after 36 minutes it's 0—0 at molineux although there was an appeal to var for a penalty but that was denied. later manchester city host west brom. rangers manager steven gerrard says he's finding the death of his former boss at liverpool gerard houllier, very difficult to take. houllier gave gerrard his liverpool debut in 1998, and made him captain five years later. the rangers boss spoke about him with great admiration and emotion today. he was a special man, a caring man, a loving man, more than just a manager. he did an incrediblejob for me in terms of where i was at from an age and also as a player. gerard was at the forefront of that in terms of shaping me into a better player, into a better person, a better leader. i have an awful lot to thank t

into the netherlands but here in belgium the reproduction rate for coverage 19 is it not point $97.00 nearly at that worrying one figure and we're seeing a we've seen a 6 percent rise in cases in the last week alone so they're saying that people really need to control their behavior in fact on friday there's a national body meeting to decide about what measures need to be in place the government is not ruling out bringing in tougher restrictions for the holiday periods and keeping an eye on the continent for us that from brussels thanks so much madame let's not speak to china how he isn't one for us here is the latest on this 3 the earth tier 3 restrictions that are coming into effect at midnight janet it doesn't seem set to be a very festive lead up to christmas. no i think it's very disappointing for a lot of people it's not the full lockdown that nadine was describing in large parts of europe this is tier 3 it's the highest set of restrictions in and remember came out of full lockdown 2 weeks ago london and parts of the southeast that have seen a steep rise in infections in that 2

but it's more so to come on this news hour including one a virus in the heart of europe why belgium now has the highest death rate in the world's. a human rights group reveals a staggering rise in the number of afghan civilians killed by or strikes and in sports the major league soccer team aiming to make history that story coming up later this. more than 2000 children are among the refugees and migrants who've arrived in the canary islands in the last few months save the children says it's extremely concerned about their physical and mental health but it's with reports now from ground can aria. it's not much of a red carpet welcome but for this boy it's at least the 1st time he's touched dry land in 5 days you have spent the time in a fishing boat with around 25 other people crossing rough atlantic seas from west africa. the canary islands is experiencing the largest wave of migrants and refugees arrivals in 15 years and with it what the regional government calls a significant upturn in the number of children. international aid group save the children is concerned that the authorities

if on the first of gender we have issues getting across the border from belgium.been placed on the idea of a vaccine being available as such an important part of the solution for covid, but actually, that'sjust the beginning. it's all very well having it available eyes and having been invented, but the logistical problems of actually making it available to the general public and enough numbers and then having the general public take it in sufficient numbers —— in sufficient numbers are really the huge tasks ahead of the government. in the first of these is actually making it available to the general public. this is a vaccine that in some cases needs to be stored at —80 degrees stop now, that's not the kind of facility that can be just sprung up at the end of the street on street corners of another country. instead, it's more likely to be in centralised locations, people will have to travel to. indeed, we need to boost the uptake, particularly among younger people. now, the numberof among younger people. now, the number of celebrities that we are seeing announced t

is the first country in the world to approve the vaccine seen here on the production line in belgium.y had made clear the vaccine will handwrite tanoutay forge -- won't change life for now. how important is this moment? >> when you consider the damage this virus has done to human life across the planet, the social damage, to say nothing of the cost in life and suffering, it is a fantastic moment. >> more than 20,000 volunteers got ci doses of the v as part of the trials and it proved 95% effective at preventing covid even among those in the 70's and 80's. side effects are mostly mild. a small minority suffered headaches and fatigue. reviewing more than 1000 pages of data in june and today gave the green ght. >> separate teams have been working in parallel to deliver the most rigorous review of the vaccine. our expert scientists and clinicians have worked aroundhe-clock carefully and methodically poring over tables and analysis and graphs on every single piece of data. >> creating a new vaccine creates at least heading match from line and helmet through trials and regulatory review. ma