, each generation discovers benjamin franklin for himself." what is it about benjamin franklin that makes him an enduring character for americans? >> it is in the eye of the beholder. because he did so many things, i think it is easy, as as generations proceed or as different types of people look at a story to draw inspiration for him or question the things he did, or look at his legacy that others have not looked out quite strongly. >> a little bit about you as you get started, you teach nonfiction writing at the university of pittsburgh. what number book is this for you? >> this is a number four. >> you have an interesting origin story. tell me about it please. >> i spent over a decade in china i stayed on and i were as a journalist and writer. when i got back to the states, i was invited to the state department for the president. i -- they invite one writer said that you do not complain. so i bought my first suit in herald scquare and walk to d.c. i walked into the state department. it looks like a chewing gum factory from outside. when you

medea benjamin, please stay with us.e come back, sanctions on cuba, making it difficult for cuba to effectively respond to recent tragic fire. also the military budget that has been proposed and the sentencing of a saudi feminist, two decades in prison in saudi arabia. stay with us. ♪♪ [music break] amy: this is democracy now!, democracynow.org, the war and peace report. i'm amy goodman. as we look at the aftermath of one of cuba'worst of our middle dasters and decades in the rgest oil fire in his history. last month a fire in the western province began after lightning struck part of the oil depot. one person killed, some 120 injured and the blaze worsened electricity on the island which relies heavily on imported foreign oil and is already facing an energy crisis due to soaring global fuel costs. for more we continue with medea benjamin who has been following this closely, spent many visits to cuba. you tweeted -- "it is infuriating that biden administration sanctions on cuba make it difficult for cuba to effectively re

the group went back to benjamin mendy�*s mansion in cheshire.en she says the footballer walked into the bathroom. the woman gave evidence via pre—recorded video, which was played to the jury. the court heard her describe trying to push benjamin mendy away. she says she spoke to him in his native french, urging him to stop. but she says that he had a predatory look on his face and that he pulled her onto the bed, exposing himself. she said, "i just kept thinking, where are his friends? why aren't they here? should i scream? what am i going to do?" the woman said she kept trying to wriggle out and can't remember how it ended, but that she was able to leave. benjamin mendy is charged with attempted rape in connection with the alleged incident. he denies it and all the other charges against him, including eight counts of rape against other women. judith moritz, bbc news chester. our top story this evening... inflation has reached double figures for the first time in 40 years, driven by steeper than expected rises in the cost of food and drink, and c

in istanbul, benjamin shaw paris school of technology and business. on this center for china and globalization representative, you're both very welcome to the program. use of can we kick off with you a turkish reaction to, to what is mounting pressure and anchor being a deserted by washington? what is it, what, what is tricky seeing here? well, i don't think that the mounting pressure from the west is any surprise, sir. experience this in the past, whether it be the affair with us. pastor brunson during his court trial to object the subject, the sanctions and again during the $400.00 acquisition to subject the sanction. so western thanks to us. thanks to something that unfortunately knows all too well and of the reaction right now is fairly mute. we haven't seen any strong reaction to said that it's going to continue doing business with russia and not allow sanctioned individuals access the bypass western sanctions. but that doesn't change the fact that you're going to continue doing business with russia. this is very important for turkey as president

benjamin. can you give us a sense of what today's decision on gach, that has membership in the s p d, means there are no reasons to exposure her truth or from the party, at least for this committee. and as you rightly mentioned, this is a decision that has been taken to day, but this is finally not the final word on this matter. there are 2 weeks where some organizations within the social democrats can also appeal this decision. and the legal hurdles to expel someone from the party a pretty high. he has a team of lawyers that are also looking into this. he also would have had the air, the option to appeal this decision in case if this committee and an offer to day would have said that he should be expelled from the party. the lawyers are following closely the decisions that are being taken against his client in june, back in june, when the german parliament decided that he should be scrapped office office and his stuff. they also appeal to this decision. so it was a decision that was taken now,

hi benjamin. so yeah, every day the situation does appear to get ratcheted up further. no, taiwan is rejecting the one country to system solution. what does this mean for taiwan? china relations? well, federal for us in that, for the rejection, and is it legitimate? most of taiwanese were angered actually by taiwan leader, ty, menu, we say, perform different moves and her receiving of policy because, you know, really escalated the situation, taught childs action. i think there's not, we're certainly very large number of taiwanese one, peaceful reading invocation. and there are just more than a 100000 i. one is in shanghai alone, making a lot of money with china peacefully. and in fact, pie one does not have much to say on this issue. almost all countries into, well, even the u. s. and the united nations open, you supported the one china policy. that is, there's just one, china and power is part of it. so the one country to system solution really shows who could scrape sincerity of beijing to maintain the lifestyle or taiwan as much as possible. you know, i have, we know

at the start of his trial today, benjamin mendy was described as a "reasonably famous footballer".france in 2018. and about his success with manchester city, which the jury heard gave him wealth and status, and a privileged and moneyed lifestyle. but, the prosecution said, this case has little to do with football. instead, tim craig qc said... the jury was told that this man, louis saha matturie, was a friend of benjamin mendy�*s and acted as his fixer, arranging parties and introducing the footballer to young women. it's said by the prosecution a stream of women were brought to mr mendy�*s mansion in cheshire, and there many were raped and sexually assaulted. each man is accused of eight rape offences. they were described as predators — between them, attacking 13 women. the court heard that behind the gates of the mansion, the girls were rendered vulnerable, that they had their phones taken away and that some were attacked inside rooms with high—security locks. but the jury was told that there's little dispute about whether or not sex took place and that this is a case which rests

and then we have benjamin rittenhouse clock.ut the david rittenhouse clock is actually downstairs in samuel's office, what we portray is emile's office. it is interesting, because in philadelphia at the time the mineral very influenced by the indictment period. they are interested in ways to control their environment. o'clock, that one is has a metal face. you might be talking about the benjamin run. it also has the astrological face. or the astronomical face. it is actually just behind me in the hallway. it is believed to be the first one that benjamin rittenhouse did of that kind not sure if that was the question but the david rittenhouse clock i do not know the maker of that case i'm not sure that i know the maker of this one either. but we do know the benjamin rittenhouse gone. i'm not sure how it came to reside here. that is a great question. i will have to look into that. >> susan, i. [laughs] where is the washington desk now? he it was also at the philadelphia history museum. i believe it is now with the coal election cur

>> benjamin franklin. >> why benjamin franklin? >> with the, kind of like, the freedom, liberty. when we talk about liberalism in that sense, john locke as well, the freedoms that come with it. >> so, certainly, we'll talk about this in the next couple class periods. certainly, the enlightenment is about politics in some ways. natural rights. we will get back to this. good, what else comes to mind? the enlightenment. by the way, is in the class when you are in high school taking history, we're talking about the enlightenment today? but i guess when your eyes glaze over. and there's nothing exciting here. caleb? >> reason? >> reason, how many have heard the enlightenment referred to as the age of reason? we'll come back to that. anyone else? what kind of figures do you think about when you think about the enlightenment to the 18th century? we heard about franklin, we heard about locke. any other names hit you? >> jefferson. >> good, thomas jefferson in america. often known as a man of the enlightenment. >> voltaire? >> good, we have these frenchmen. rousseau, walter. there is this

so you might be talking about benjamin, which also has an astra ash. logical face astronomical phase and it's actually just behind me in the hallway, but it is believed to be the first one that benjamin franklin house did. not sure if that's what the question was, but the david rittenhouse clock. i don't know the maker of that case. i don't believe we know the makeup this one either but we do own the benjamin franklin. i'm not sure how it came to his eye care. that's a great question. i'll have to look into that. oh like here. yeah. yeah where it was the washington desk now it is so it was also with the philadelphia history museum and i believe it's now with the collection currently stewarded by drexel. i don't want to get this wrong, so i'm not going to detail about it, but i know it is safe and sound. yeah. so yeah drexels it will be with drexel's collection, but i believe i'm sure it's in storage. yes. yeah. yeah, we love it to come back home. yeah, exactly. all right, susan mcgill what happened to the love letters that elizabeth found in the desk.

at the start of his trial today, benjamin mendy was described as a reasonably famous footballer.ster city, which the jury heard gave him wealth and status and a privileged and moneyed lifestyle. but the prosecution said this case has little to do with football. instead, tim craig qc said... "it's another chapter in a very old story. men who rape and sexually assault women because they think they are powerful and because they think they can get away with it." the jury was told that this man, louis saha matturie, was a friend of benjamin mendy�*s and acted as his fixer, arranging parties and introducing the football to young women. it said a stream of women were brought to mr mendy�*s mansion in cheshire and there, many were raped and sexually assaulted. each man is accused of eight rape offences. they were described as predators — between them, attacking 13 women. the court heard that behind the gates of the mansion, the girls were rendered vulnerable, that they had their phones taken away and that some were attacked inside rooms with high security locks. but the jury was told tha

at the start of his trial today, benjamin mendy was described as a "reasonably famous footballer".ut his success with manchester city, which the jury heard gave him wealth and status, and a privileged and moneyed lifestyle. but, the prosecution said, this case has little to do with football. instead, tim craig qc said... the jury was told that this man, louis saha matturie, was a friend of benjamin mendy�*s and acted as his fixer, arranging parties and introducing the footballer to young women. it's said by the prosecution a stream of women were brought to mr mendy�*s mansion in cheshire, and there many were raped and sexually assaulted. each man is accused of eight rape offences. they were described as predators — between them, attacking 13 women. the court heard that behind the gates of the mansion, the girls were rendered vulnerable, that they had their phones taken away and that some were attacked inside rooms with high—security locks. but the jury was told that there's little dispute about whether or not sex took place and that this is a case which rests on consent. they were

she cited benjamin franklin, but confused. a famous quote on the unity of liberty and safety. benjamin franklin, the presidency, said, freedom and democracy, freedom and democracy. one thing security here. if we don't have, we can have either. if we don't have both, one trip came with words of hope, freedom, security, and unity. the 3rd in line to the u. s. presidency was criticized by many for making the contentious stop on the island territory, which is driven and even bigger wedge in relations between china and washington. political south here is, ted rall stays the time. one issue is not one, many americans are thinking about at all. this is an inherently ridiculous journey . it seems to be an attempt on the part of the democratic party preceding the november 2022 mid term elections to look tough on foreign policy. something that they sort of never do, even though really they are these days more aggressive than their republican counterparts. and i'm disappointed you know, nancy pelosi used to be one of america's sharpest a

after almost 10 years molly, to pull its troops out of the country, our political correspondent, benjamin, of escort over. thanks so much for that update. the canyon electoral commission has admitted that vo, tallying in the presidential election is moving too slowly. this comes as kenyans are, have to wait for a 4th day to find out their next leader who be early projections went to a tight race between long time opposition leader relo dingo, deputy president william brito. no. as a general pull out on has on uncontested in kenya's since 2002 securities and increased across the country as disputes over previous presidential votes had been followed by deadly violence. he w correspondent, ita kamani is in nairobi and she explained why the vote counting and kenya is taking so long. well, it's because here in kenya we use a very slow process to count those results. are there have been a lot of trust issues between canyons and election officials or so what happens is those polls have to be read out one by one are viewed there by so many election officials you saw in that story that has just ru

benjamin mendy is on trial for multiple counts of rape and sexual assault.else did the court here? today the court heard _ what else did the court here? today the court heard and _ what else did the court here? today the court heard and watched - what else did the court here? today the court heard and watched a - what else did the court here? irr— the court heard and watched a police interview with the young woman who said she was raped by benjamin mendy in what she called the longest day of her life. she explained how she had gone to a bar in the village of alderley edge with some friends and they had met three men who sat at her table and invited her back for a party. thejury her table and invited her back for a party. the jury heard the woman say to mr mendy that he had taken her phone and she wanted it back. he said she was afraid of her posting photographs on social media and he could find by his club. she followed him to a bedroom to try and get the phone back. she says that he attacked her and raped her. he told her, if she didn't say anything to anyb

benjamin minjee was described as a reasonably famous footballer.brunson 2018 and about his success with manchester city, which the jury heard gave success with manchester city, which thejury heard gave him wealth and status, but the prosecutions of this case has little to do with football. instead, another chapter in a very old story. thejury the jury was told that this man, lewis saw her maturity was a friend of him and acted as his fixture demographics. it is said by the prosecution a stream of women were brought to his mansion in cheshire and their many were raped and sexually assaulted. each man is accused of eight rape offences was that they were described as predators, between them attacking 13 women. the court heard that behind the gates of the mansion the girls were rendered vulnerable, they have their phone is taken away and that some were attacked inside rooms with high security locks. the jury was told there is little dispute about whether or not six took place, and that this is a case that rests on consent. they were told that the defen

and of course it's not even a friday and flip that she mangled benjamin franklin. you know, i think she's become such a china hawk such a militarist over the years in her position and her alliance with the military industrial complex that she's not even able to even remember that there is a significant part of american political culture that is highly skeptical of militarism and adventure as them overseas. i mean, these days americans are americans, are really focused on inflation, inflation and inflation. they're really worried about the economy. and to a secondary level, they're worried about the federal reserve bank, perhaps going too far and driving the economy back into a ditch, into a recession as they have done in similar circumstances in the past. i think this is not going to move the needle very much. i don't think anyone cares among american voters about taiwan and china can let's turn attention to the middle east. we're only an hour before the morrill event was to get underway to mark the 2nd nursery of the blast that devastated the port of beirut lebano

she cited benjamin franklin, but confused. a famous quotes on the unity of liberty and safety. benjamin franklin, the presidency, said, freedom and democracy, freedom and democracy. and one thing security here. if we don't have, we can have either, if you don't have both. and while mister lucy's trip came with words of hope, freedom, security, and unity. the 3rd in line to the u. s. presidency was criticized by many for making that contentious stop at all on the island territory, which really has driven an even bigger wedge in relations between china and washington. where the discuss all those issues about one in particular, less growth live to political satirist and or 3rd, 10 broad high to get to see you see below see getting her thoughts in a twist. i just when she thought, i suppose she was making a killer of her remark. yeah. i'm disappointed you know. nancy pelosi used to be one of america's sharpest and brightest politicians. but look, we all get old and we all get pastor expiration date. i think it's fair to say that t

benjamin mendy, 28 years old, away.erhaps of bother with a very similar name but the man on trial here it is important to say he is not connected with this trial. he is 41, described in court as a fixer and rent out benjamin mendy pull some the allegation is he helped find young women and create situations where they could be right and sexually assaulted and the men the prosecution says would not take no burners. thejury has been told that benjamin mendy�*s house can be described as eight mansion and we have seen video evidence this afternoon taken by police officers who were searching the house, using a body camera. the footage has shown the swimming pool, the gym, the living area and also mr mendy�*s main bedroom is well. the prosecution says a central issue of the case is consent and in this day and age now must mean no. the prosecution as well as all that has outlined what happened when mr mendy was arrested and interviewed by the police in various interviews he gave no comment to the questions, and in other intervi

. >> benjamin mendy appeared in court wednesday to face charges of rape and sexual assault.e pled not guilty on all counts. antonio kerrigan has the story. reporter: at a cot in nthern england, benjamin mendy has arrived in court to face charges of eight rapes, one attentive d -- one attempted rape and other sexual assaults. the manchester city defender pleads not guilty on all counts. the footballer was incarcerated in august, 2021. remaining behind bars until january this year in liverpool, he has been released on bail. he made his french premier league debut. the left back made the squad for the world championship in 2018. his lifestyle has drawn criticism, including from the french manager. once the rising star, he became the most expensive defender in history when manchester city bought him for 61 million euros, a club where he has now not played for one year. the prosecution will open monday in a set trial to last three months. >> in france, a sad ending for a beluga whale stranded in the s eine river. rescue operators in the end decided the whale had to be euthanized.

i don't know how you come up with and i don't understand how you come up with the presidency of benjamin i just don't get that but... >> if your time is to step down you should do it. they should be retired and not in political office. >> jason: tiffany smiley was talking about term limits and if you don't institute term limits these are the kind of problems you have. you need fresh leadership so get out, go home.. >> exactly, exactly. or of a lot of changes but we don't have the time. >> jason: thank you so muchh for watching. i hope you have a chance to check out my podcast just type in jason in the house. and we will be back next sunday when the next revolution will be televised. thank you so much for joining us and allowing us to come in and share a part of our day with you. and your time is valuable. thank you. ♪ ♪ >> the as are 50, the nazar vice president votes in the affirmative and the bill is amended is passed. [cheers and applause] to be when republicans say they will get their revenge come november as the democrats pushed through $39 billion spending bill. as the inflation re

this is in some ways about the elections because both leaders gaming from that benjamin benjamin and you, netanyahu, sorry, has had his problems recently. scandals. this is an opportunity for him to looks as statesman like. he says that he, he's able to, as a leader of the opposition, say that he supports the action that israel is taken and asked throughout this yale appeal, gets to look like a leader in times a conflict. now the only danger with this kind of thing, obviously, from the israeli side is what if this spills out into something else? what if, as the political analyst, i was just talking to said there's a mistake as they would put it, that they involuntarily drag hamas into this conflict as well. which means that it gets a lot more wide ranging and a lot more from the israeli point of view. messy so far, there's been no israeli casualties. remember from this or i thank you very much, john, home and live for us a in occupied east jerusalem. let's get some further analysis now and bringing al jazeera senior political analyst, my one shower, who joins us by skype from paris.

smack you also mentioned benjamin franklin. the way it almost selzer conversation, images are involved. can you tell us about this great cartoon that franklin generates very early on in the conversation. >> yes, so he sets a gene genius and he invents a lightning rod and social institutions in the first secular university and he's also someone that invents the world's first real political cartoon and it's not from britain and it's a very democratic culture. and it is the picture of a snake that is cut up into pieces and he has a slogan. it is the first viral means in which we could say hash tag join. the colleagues after work together with the mother country to deceive the french in the early stages what would become the french and indian war. and i'm very same page, he is a newspaper madman. if he were alive today he might be rupert murdoch. there is a picture of a snake and in effect he's also telling his audience about a young 22-year-old military officer from virginia who bravely is confronting the french named george washi

aÑos no pueden ir a las escuelas y hay niÑos en destrucciÓn por colapso de la comida >>> natalia benjamÍnr lo que importa. ahorra más. solo en metro. color intenso. ¿se notará en mi pelo? nutrisse ultra color de garnier. con aguacate, oliva y karité. y tintes intensos. colores vivos para todas las texturas. incluso en bases oscuras. dura hasta 8 semanas. cabello nutrido, color más intenso. nutrisse ultra color. de garnier, ¡naturalmente! la mejor manera de comenzar el día es en familia. con un buen desayuno de jimmy dean. que es rico en proteínas y esta listo en solo dos minutos. para echarte a andar el cuerpo. mmm. encuentra los desayunos de jimmy dean en la sección de congelados. hoy es tu día para brillar. jaycee probó gain flings por primera vez el otro día... y se olvidó donde estaba. siempre puedes detectar a un primerizo. gain flings. con la biggie bag the wendy's a solo $5 pasan cosas ♪ ♪ biggie bag, biggie bag biggie biggie biggie bag ♪ biggie biggie biggie ♪ el sandwich que elijas más todo esto por solo $5 está de locos elige bien, elige la biggie bag de wendy's cada momento tie

theree was one benjamin curtis and the notorious dred scott case in 1958 and promptly quit the courtn protest packed up his belongings and left. it was a strong powerful statement of opposition. there'd been some statements of opposition also when the great john marshall was the chief justice and was awarding jeffersonian initiatives was also on the court who would register principal objectives. objections were principled as well but he conceived them as a roadmap to the future, to overturn the cases. and give you a sense of what these dissents were light, you have to understand the times a little bit and you have to understand the cases themselves. during that period of according in 1877 -- 1911, two big things happen in society who were not looking back 150 years. one, segregation took hold. and you might wonder today how it is that system of repression became so ingrained in the american system that led to 70 years of total exclusion for african-americans. and a century and a half of a racial tension and strife that are obvious is still reverberating today. it was also a period of

she cited benjamin franklin, but confused a famous quote on the unity of liberty and safety. benjamin franklin, the presidency, said, freedom and democracy, freedom and democracy and one thing security here. if we don't have, we can have either. if we don't have both. while her trip came with words of hope, freedom, security, and unity. the house speaker was criticized by many for making the contentious stop on the island territory that has driven a wage and relations between china and the us. often for her former vice chair for the libertarian national committee, discussed with us the us meddling in asia as politics. well right now, the united states has an understood that you can have an opinion without committing to an 80 arctic policy live, in my opinion, that taiwan should be a completely free and independent nation. but i'm not willing to commit us soldiers to it and not willing to commit us taxpayers to it. that's just an opinion that i hold of what i think an ideal world would be like. and then suppose is completely right to express her opinion. the problem is the way that the

thank you for that of benjamin alvo's group. the officials in pakistan a warning about the spread of water born diseases as millions of people struggled to cope with unprecedented monsoon flooding. the death toll has passed 1100 and officials expected to climb as waters recede. the swat valley in the north is normally a popular tourist destination at this time of year. now it's a scene of flood hit devastation. the overflow from pakistan, swat river, now churns through these city streets. when the flood waters arrived here, they came with unexpected force washing away roads and damaging bridges beyond repair. many of the hotels in this popular tourist region have been destroyed by the sub. around 30 to 35 big and small hotels were washed away in the recent flooding. object suddenly to dale to 6 days in flooding started. but you can still see 20 to 25 feet of water inside the hotels by name had to be aware. this is the situation here in our town. people here have seen similar devastation before during the last meter floods to hit

well, let's learn more crossing life now to benjamin child of the paris school of technology and business, and the spent of a china and globalization very good morning to you. so thanks so much for joining us, doing a special rolling coverage on r t international. take me back if you will. what influence has gotten off had in improving relations between moscow and beijing? but the relations between moscow and paging had unexpectedly turn sour doing the cold war between the u. s. a, the u. s. s r. but it's also expected in a sense that the u. s. wanted to gain support from china in this very important golden triangle of international relations. and colbert chef went to china in may, 988. he was the 1st high level leader of the u. s. s. r to be china in 30 years. and the relationship between more school and bridging had to improve since that when you talk about a good approach office visit the end of the decade, it was in may, as you said, the visit was followed by student protests. and even now of course, the infamous gentleman square of bends, you think in some way those developments hurt

w. political correspondent opinion and aggress karuba benjamin. as we just heard, germany had extended its deployment in molly as recently as earlier this year, why is it suspending its military mission now? it has been attends relationship between berlin and the military shown to and by macklin. berlin has been repeatedly accusing malley and officials of not fulfilling the promises the spokesperson of germany's in defense ministry today said that yesterday the saint lambert, germany's defense minister, spoke to her molly and counterpart that according to the german side, he assured her that there would be no problem with this troop rotations. but as today's happened again, germany finally decided to pull out of this tube of this mean no smart mission backed by the united nations. but as you rightly just pointed out, germany said that it will continue supporting this international missions only if the local governments also support them. and what will the implications of this a for security in this a whole region? that's one of the big fears that

. benjamin franklin, the presidency, said, freedom and democracy, freedom and democracy. one thing security here. if we don't have, we can't have it either. if we don't have both, almost while her trip came with words of hope, freedom, security, and unity. the high speaker was criticized by many for making the contentious stop on the island territory. which really has driven a further, a bigger wage in relations between china and the u. s. r been voted, former vice chair for the libertarian national committee discuss with us the american meddling in asia politics. well right now, the united states hasn't understood that you can have an opinion without committing to an 80 arctic policy. was in my opinion, that taiwan should be a completely free and independent nation. but i'm not willing to commit us soldiers to it. i'm not willing to commit us taxpayers do it. that's just an opinion or get a hold of what i think an ideal world would be like. and nancy pelosi is completely right to express her opinion. the problem is the way that the u. s. government is running right now,

that's benjamin shell, professor at the paris school of technology and business. the books group of nations is becoming increasingly appealing to more member states with the president of algeria, africa largest gas exporter. seeing the countries ready to join the block, president to boone said the move would help distance his country from polarizing global conflicts. we need bricks. firstly, because it allows us to move away from the attraction of the 2 poles. secondly, we are a leading country in the non aligned movement. therefore, god, granted, this will be our way this comes amount of to 2 other countries. argentine and he ran, submitted their applications to join bricks. the group consolidates growing economies, brazil, russia, india, china and south africa, who really account for a quarter of global g d. p with $24.00 trillion dollars. and physicians itself as an alternative to the unique polarity of the western world order. and as alternate of alliances gained size and traction whistling blocks seem to be losing their global dominance with us. officials now

yeah, lexus benjamin franklin. okay that why benjamin franklin? he kind of like to freedom livery like when we talk about like liberalism. okay sense and john locke as well with like the freedoms that come. all right, so certainly and we'll talk about this actually in the next couple of class periods. right? certainly. the enlightenment is about politics in some ways right natural rights, right and we'll get back to this good what else comes to mind the enlightenment. this is by the way, isn't this isn't this the class when you were in high school taking history, you know, like, oh we're doing the enlightenment today. i find you know this when you you're kind of eyes glaze over and you know, there's nothing exciting here. yeah caleb reason. okay. good reason how many of you have heard of the enlightenment used as or described the age of reason? right. we'll come back to reason again anyone else. what figures do you think about when you think about the enlightenment in the 18th century? we heard about franklin we heard about locke. any other names

presidents, washington, adams, jefferson, and franklin and hamilton. >> you mentioned cartoons and benjamin franklin so away your title almost sells the conversation short because it also images involved. tell us about this great cartoon franklin generates early on in this conversation. >> he's such a genius, he invents bifocals, the franklin stove. he invents the lightning rod. he invents social institutions, the first secular university, a lending library, philosophical illustration but also invents the world's first real political cartoon. it's not from britain, it comes from america, early on america's democratic culture is simple, 1754. the picture of a snake cut up into pieces and he has a slogan. the first viral meme and we could say # today. join or die. 1754 he says colonies have to work together with other countries, britain to defeat the french. the early stages will become the french indian war. on the very same page in 1754 of a newspaper, he's a newspaper segment. if he were alive today he might be rupert murdoch or something like that on the same page there's this picture of