yeah, alexis >> benjamin franklin. >> why benjamin franklin? >> like, the concept of freedom, liberty, when we talk about liberalism, [inaudible] and john locke as well. like the freedom [inaudible] . >> all right, so certainly we'll talk about this, actually, in the next couple of class periods, right? certainly, the enlightenment is about politics in some respects, right? natural rights, right? and later we'll get back to this. good. what else comes to mind? you like mitt. this, by the way, isn't this in class when you're in high school, taking history, overdoing the indictment today, i find your kind of eyes glaze over and there's nothing exciting you. yeah, caleb. >> reason okay, good. recent. how many of you have heard of the enlightenment used or described as the age of reason? right? welcome back to reason again. anyone else? what figures do you think about when you think of the enlightenment in the 18th century? we heard about franklin, we heard about lock. any other names hit you? >> jefferson. >> okay, good. thomas jefferson in americ

we'll talk about benjamin franklin's gentel. remember i mentioned that some of you are at my convocation address that i gave months ago. i talked about the gentle right this this group of ordinary tradesmen. what was ben franklin's trade? he was a printer right? i mean you think of ben franklin is sitting in continental, you know, the continental congress, but when ben franklin came home from work every day, he had ink all over his hands. he had to clean up. here's what he was a tradesman. he was a worker he would gather with a bunch of other artisans like blacksmiths and carpenters and so forth. they met once a week in this club called the genteau and they described the club as a club for mutual improvement. there's no better enlightenment definition in that right a club for mutual improvement that get together. they read a text together and talk about it. someone would like present a paper that they wrote and they would debate it and so forth, but you see this over and over again that the enlightenment is both an individual eff

benjamin rush, thomas jefferson and benjamin franklin and dr. rush was a physician so he said the world's oldest profession is the physician, after all, eve was cut out of adam's rib it has to be the physician and thomas jefferson as you know designed the university of virginia said no, no, no, the world's oldest profession is the architect, you needed the architect to bring chaos. dr. benjamin franklin, it wasn't the architect, it was the politician. who do you think created the chaos in the first place. [applause] >> and unfortunately, we have seen in many other jurisdictions in this countries and in many jurisdictions around the world, the creation of fauci and dystopias, freedoms curtailed, livelihoods destroyed. schools shuttered, crime spiking and opportunities dashed. the destructiveness of these policies has been exceeded only by their ineffectiveness at curtailing an airborne respiratory virus. issuing coercive policies based on fauciion, that runs counter to the free nations. con signing after state after state, whether it's denying th

so feel goes on to note that he's pretty sure that benjamin franklin would be on board with this idea and he's imagining how these specimens could add to the collections of natural history that he's assembling in his museum. so on the one hand the strange and radical proposal to taxidermy benjamin franklin allows us to see some of the anxieties of the early republic and especially at this moment where there's there's a lot of fear of political instability as you know, the the luminaries the most visible figures of found the nation's founders would we're no longer alive and in full view of american citizens. but it also allows us to see how keel and his contemporaries were imagining the role that museums and cultural institutions could play within the social and intellectual life of the nation. what should they collect preserve and display how might material objects be part of a process of constructing knowledge about history science and culture and who will participate in determining what we choose to hold in our site and value. so these kinds of questions, we're really central to the

i i think we could talk forever about webster, but i can't we have to move on to benjamin franklin. one of the great characters in american history to be sure and someone who's such a huge figure of in our political history that i think some people might forget that he was also a great author hmm, definitely and so, you know his he wrote many things during his life. he also wrote an almanac and he was obviously he made his money in printing would she also wrote for as well but his autobiography which is published posthumously is i i think you know one of the first if not the first kind of rags american rags to riches to l, which is you know, he's recounting his story from being what is it the the the youngest son of the youngest son for five generations back something like that all that to say he had no inherited wealth and comes as it comes up as a candle maker so makers son. and so i was i was interested in the autobiography because you know, it might not seem like of the same genre as the dictionary but in some ways is a reference book, i would you and it is also in some ways the

and so recently i have been reflecting on this whole notion of what benjamin franklin reported to have said when he was asked what he and the founding fathers, he is reported to have applied a republic if you can keep it. later on, drawings with jon adams and thomas jefferson e pluribus unum out of one pretty placed on our currency as a nation's motto. our nation continues to struggle with the issues of race and equity. the threats of our fragile democracy are afraid and as the people's representative it is incumbent upon us to make every effort to heed franklin's words of concern is an adams expression of unity. as his responsibility demonstrate not only by words but by actions we can and will keep this republic intact and its people unified. to designate the iconic him, lift every voice and sing the national him for the united states of america. it will be one step forward. lift every voice and sing was written as a point and set to music by his brother jon roseman johnson was first performed fibroid 12500 schoolchildren in jacksonville, florida. in 1905t washington recognize the him

later on, next class we'll talk about benjamin franklin. some of you were at the convocation address i gave. this group of ordinary trades men. what was ben franklin's trade? he was a printer. you think of ben franklin sitting in the continental congress but when he came home from work every day, he had ink all over his hands. he had to clean up. he was a tradesman. he was a worker. he would gather with a bunch of other artisans like blacksmiths and artists. they met once a week in this club. they described it as a club for mutual improvement. they get together. they read a text together and talk about it. someone would like present a paper that they wrote and they would debate it and so forth. you see this over and over again that the enlightenment is both in individual effort but the enlightenment improvement, self-improvement comes within some kind of community as well. there's my first premise of the enlightenment. it's about self-improvement. second, a little more complex. enlightened people. people who are enlightened are able to empl

introduction with madison and jefferson weighing in at what they saw in the slavery including benjamin franklin they could not get outt of it. i don't judge. we know it is wrong. you cannot put yourself in our time in 2021 and say i know exactly what life was like in 1750. we used to understand that. we cannot tell people we ever talk to people you talked your great-grandparents or your grandparents some of things they say so i'm politically correct to wonder why they thought it and find out 1940 in 19 50/50 turns out is a different generation. they are not bad, later people look at us in 2021 and say what were they thinking? actually we are saying that today at. [laughter] driving t over. listening to the radio, watching tv but i digress. so to see both of these men get on unparalleled paths and finally meet when is doing the research asserted two years and two months ago. when they finally meet in the person who wrote them verbatim was frederick douglass lincoln sally didn't have the time to do it i would've loved to read his book he waits online it gets online outside the white house he is t

i think we could talk forever about webster, but i can't, we have to move on to benjamin franklin, one of the greatest characters to be sure, and such a huge figure in our political history that some might forget he was also a great author. >> definitely. he wrote many things in his life, and he made also an almanac and he made money in printing, and his autobiography is one of the first rags to riches, he's recounting his story from being the youngest son of the youngest son from five generations back, and he had no inherited wealth. it may not seem the same genre of the dictionary, and in some ways it's the first self-help group because of the section of the 13 virtues saying if you want to be a good person, you should follow these virtues every day, and it's humility, and humility was the 13th because somebody said you are too proud, and you could have a franklinesque life, and it's debatable but one that is tempting and has enticed so many people. this book continues to be on 400 plus syllabus in colleges, and elon musk cites this book, and also dale carnegie. i think it's the rise

class the privilege life and radical presidency of fdr and the first american life and times of benjamin franklin to speak on the seller in the emancipator is johnac brown and we welcome each to be brains to the program. >> thank you to address the audience today.ot i want to get out a question that is one that every citizen and democracy has to deal with that sometime or another. so what does the good person do or a good citizen do when his or her country is involved they consider toso be wrong? what do they do in the face of evil?ed i wanted to look at this in the context of slavery and i wanted to look at it from the perspective of john brown and abraham lincoln. and the crux of the question is what you do in the face of evil that presupposes you conclude that something is evil. i say this is a question that occurs to every citizen of democracy and to say it occurs to everybody is sometime in their life. what do we do when we see something around us that is wrong? and for people in the democracy we can show up to the polls we can choose those of continuing this thing that is wrong and to do aw

the first so many of the first that benjamin franklin and other started in philadelphia.packing not only the history of the philadelphia choir but also what they are doing now. in their endeavor to become, unless they declared, and anti racist institution in 2020. >> in fact the newspapers of record across our country have, for centuries, reinforce some of these miss. these incorrect myths that we have had. i was shocked to learn that the philadelphia inquirer, as you know a city that i share with you, had so few black staff or multiracial staff on his editorial staff. that is how these things happen. this concept, in fact you write about it, seeing the enquirer's role as part of the cities systemic inequality is essential to understanding the way for for all of us. tell me how that works? how does changing the way the enquirer sees philadelphia affect our way forward as a nation? >> that is just, it really, it is not just the story of the philadelphia inquirer. this is the story of american journalism. as we know it has not had people of color, women, lgbtq folks, other

but the film all things bakelite makes a point of talking about bacon's reverence for benjamin franklin and his self-made rags to riches. approach to life which which bacon had somehow followed and admiring him as alone inventor, but you seem to suggest that bacon was not really alone inventor that there was more to his work than that, and i wonder if you could tell us a little bit about how your book explores fake loans actual process. of invention and commercialization sure. sure. that's that's a great question. so i think when we're dealing with fairly complex technologies that are being developed throughout the 20th century or today. it's it's really just an individual inventor coming up with this technologies. there's all they're always a lot of people involved and and in this case as well like they want this is obviously building on the work of previous chemists and inventors and there's other people who kind of are doing the same thing at the same period of time because there's just a strong demand for for a product with the technical qualities in like big light in industries, li

introduction with madison and jefferson weighing in on what they saw it as slavery including benjamin franklin. they knew it was wrong. they couldn't get out of it. so i don't judge. i know we know what's wrong. but you can't put yourself in our time in 2021 and say i know exactly what life was like in 1750 we used to understand that we knew that it was imbued in us. we didn't do that. we can't tell people we haven't talked to people you talk to a great grandparents or your grandparents some of the things they say is so unpolically, correct. you wonder why they thought it then you found out in 1940 and 1950 turns out different generation, they're not bad later. people going to look us at us in 2021 and say what would they thinking actually we're saying that today driving over listening to the radio watching tv, but i digress so they see both these men get on parallel paths and then finally meet when it when he's doing the research it started two years in two months ago and when they finally meet and the person who wrote it down verbatim was frederick douglass lincoln sadly didn't have the time

second graders go out with speeches and costumes dressed up like benjamin franklin, dr.cided i should dress up like anna kelley, the most famous clown. nobody had any idea who i was. that is the dork i was. >> you are so cute. i absolutely love that. that is fantastic. and michigan, it would be tough to top that. good night, every friday night like clockwork all over has a place to be. and that place is in front of the farmington hills city complex and he makes the rounds with his uncle and place the national anthem on his saxophone. i wanted to give the story because all of her, we want to encourage you to keep doing that for your community that appreciate you. >> shannon: i love that. >> have a great day. >> shannon: more news coming .at you tomorrow and the rest of the news. that is it for us in washington. their experts replaced my windshield and recalibrated my car's advanced safety system. ♪ acoustic rock music ♪ >> woman: safelite is the one i trust. they focus on safety so i can focus on this view. >> singers: ♪ safelite repair, safelite replace. ♪ it's my 5:52 w

it has been operating in some form since 1775 when benjamin franklin was appointed the first postmaster general by the continental congress. ensuring that this vital american institution has the tools that it needs to prosper and serve the american people for years to come is of the highest priority. this bill does just that. this bill would require postal employees to enroll in chair when they're eligible and retire. all postal employees already may into chair through their careers, and the postal service has paid about $35 billion into the program since 16983 -- since 1983 and is the second largest contributor to the chair trust fund. in short, postal service employees have already earned these benefits. the bill would also eliminate the unfair requirement that the postal service prefund its retiree health benefits for 75 years into the future. a provision that has already passed the house in previous congresses. these two reforms would save the postal service nearly $50 billion over 10 years. and i want to emphasize that these changes do not cost american taxpayers one single dime. i

well david seller had been the partner of hall david hall who had been a partner of benjamin franklin who was the most notorious runaway apprent? all right, so you're going oh, he's following that kind of tradition in some form or another well from what it appears. he must have come back and served out his his term as an apprentice or found something else because he's back here in pennsylvania and in philadelphia, but obviously not finding a job or his own independent shop and thus there he was enlisting in the continental army during the revolution in this thing. so we followed him in but it also makes sense about why he would be a sergeant and certainly by a sergeant major. this is somebody who can keep the records and he was he was writing some of the orderly books. so we've got proof of this individual but the big part was that journal now, of course, i looked at that journal and it's wonderful and think about the material resources when you can touch this and i'm going and i was and you're you're hearing this and going 250 years ago he was writing in this and so from his pen and

had been a partner of benjamin franklin, the most notorious run away apprentice of all, right? oh, he's following that kind of tradition in some form or another. his term as an apprentice because he's back here in pennsylvania and in philadelphia but not finding a job or his own independent shop and there he was enlisting in the continental army during the revolution so we followed him in but it makes sense about why he would be a sergeant and this is somebody who can keep the records and he was. he was writing some of the books and we have proof. i look at that journal and it's wonderful and when you can touch this and i was 250 years ago he was writing in this. and so from his pen and ink to my eyes what's going on in his world at that time. i am trying to speak to you through his writing as well to introduce you to his world and what he saw in this revolution. had probably close to 1,900 men serving in it over the course of the war. unique and large of a unit in there. i wanted to take it a step further from his journal in this. certainly to answer your questions where it se

the first american, the life and times of benjamin franklin were finalists for the pulitzer surprised. back to speak on the zealot and emancipator, john brown and abraham lincoln, h.w. graham we welcome to the program. >> thanks to the americans -- the abraham lincoln is acute the opportunity to address the audience today. i read a book about lincoln because i wanted to get at the questions that is one that every citizen in democracy has to deal with at one time or another. the question is basically what does the correct person do? what is a good citizen to when his or her country is involved in something that person considers to be wrong? what do they do in the face of evil? x essential way of putting it. i wanted to look at this in the context of slavery and the perspective of john brown and abraham lincoln and the crux of the question is, what do you do in the face of evil? it presupposes you conclude that something is evil. i say that this is a question that occurs to every citizen in a democracy, i wouldro say it probably occurs to everybody sometime in their life. what we do whe

benjamin. franklin's son is the royal governor of new jersey. he remains loyal he is jaled he is sent into exile franklin hates him. wow, he hates his son. it's his only son. it's the son who helped him with a kite flying experiment. i mean, it's the joy of his life and that's what civil war does to the country at that time. we can get a little so they're sort of strategic level. let's get back maybe into the operational level for a moment george washington. needless to say, please a major role in the book and i presume in the next two volumes as well. why was washington such a great leader? let me maybe go a little deeper there see more in eisenhower's this is sort of how i was brought up to think of george washington and by that i mean enable administrator a guy who makes different factions work together. make sure all the moving parts are oiled and so more of an eisner perhaps less of a great captain less of a napoleon or a frederick the great you know, i had the privilege of living with eisenhower's metaphorically for 15 years, and i'm now i

well, david seller had been the partner of haw, david haw, who had been the pardon of benjamin franklin, who was the most notorious runway printers of all, right? so he's following that kind of tradition in some form or another. well, from what it appears, he must have come back and serve out his term as an apprentice or found something else, because he's back here in pennsylvania and in philadelphia, but obviously not finding a job or his own independent shop and. thus, there he was enlisting in the continental army during the revolution in this. so we followed him, but did also make sense about why he would be a subject and certainly by a sergeant major. >> this is somebody who can keep the records and he was. she was writing some of the order of the books. so we've got proof of this individual. but the big part was that journal. no, of course, i look at that journal, and it's wonderful. and think about the material resources when you can touch this. and i'm, going and i was, and your hearing this and going, 250 years ago, he was writing in this. and so, from his pen and ink to my eye

this might be a chance for them to clear their names and to find somebody else for a scapegoat benjamin franklin and john slow porter had no problems with but the man there at the bottom is going to plague porter longer than anybody else as a member of this court-martial and that is the republican james garfield who will of course become president of the united states, but we are going to get there porter is being tried. for eight different counts a violating the ninth article of war which is disobeying a lawful order in the face of the enemy. and the 52nd article of war misbehavior? in the face of the enemy sounds familiar to john martindale, certainly. porter's trial is going to last for 45 days at convenes for 30 sessions 40 witnesses testify and i don't have time to go into the trial all that much but in the end porter is going to be found guilty. of all eight counts and on january 21st 1863. he will be cashiered from the army. he is going to find out not by official order, but by a reporter of the new york times who confronts porter in the parlor of willard's hotel in washington and tells h

radical presidency of franklin delano roosevelt and the first american, the life and times osof benjamin franklin were finalists for the pulitzer prize. and now to speak on the zealots and the emancipator, john brown and him him lincoln we welcome each w graham. >> thanks to the american abraham lincoln institute. i wrote a book by john brown and abraham lincoln because i want to add a question that is one that every citizen in a democracy has to deal with at some time or another. the question is basically what does a good person do, when his or her country is involved in something that that person considers to be wrong west and mark what does a good person do in the face of evil from a more philosophical and accidental way of putting it. i wanted to look at this in the context of slavery. and i wanted to look at it viewed from the perspectiveof john brown and abraham lincoln . and the crux of the question is what do you do as i say in the face of evil and it presupposes that you concluded that something is evil and i say that this is the question that occurs to every citizen of a democracy and i

while there is some ambiguity as far as who said it, upon writing the constitution, i think benjamin franklin is usually quoted as saying, as we -- if we have a republic, we should keep it. i think it is important that important members of our foreign affairs establishment understand what form of government we have. and if you don't understand that, i don't think you really understand why america has become such a great country. and you don't understand what we should be encouraging other countries to become. ok. again, i would like to thank our german for convening this committee. it was certainly very interesting. i would like to think our guest s for taking time out of their day, and enlightening us. >> i think -- i thank the gentleman. in my own time, i would like to ask lieutenant general hodges, i have not been back to ukraine for several years especially with this pandemic, but previously i had been there after the massacre at the maid an, and several times before the annexation and invasion of crimea. and it was a challenge to get a sense of the readiness and willingness of ukraine to

i will tell you what benjamin franklin gave all of his inventions for free because he thought they were for the common good and that's a wonderful thing. i did music because i felt that my soul and i probably would have done it for free although i needed a day job. copyright law you have judges and you have laws that establish music creates and i thank you very much. i know people who sell their blood plasma to keep inventing. they can't make a living doing that. i just want to make sure we don't have a double standard here where we are trying to give -- and now patents only last 20 years and it bears out of the evil people because they are trying to make a living. and here we are with royalties for songs which i mean they are enjoyable. they don't save lives. they last the life of the author for 70 years i want to make sure we don't call the inventor's trolls. >> exactly in a nice analogy from these broadcast places, they pay both their anchors and the writers. in essence what is happening it would be as if they were paying the writers of the broadcast but not the anchors for doing the