means bentord that over with pain. it is a severe and painful disease. it can be very severe and fatal. years, it was60 present in other parts of the world, but not in the western hemisphere. over the last few years, it has spread widely within our hemisphere. these are the current known to viruseshere these two have been documented to spread. anywhere, either of these diseases are present, zika may follow in the coming weeks, months and years. on the birth defect, this is an extraordinarily unusual defect. i want to emphasize that. in 1941, scientists identified rubella is causing the rubella syndrome. we have virtually eliminated this in the u.s. with the vaccine. identifiedientists another virus as a cause for fetal abnormalities. we are not aware of any other viral cause of a significant number of birth defects. in fact, we are not aware of any other prior mosquito causes of birth defects, is in fact this is confirmed. the center, which you have heard -- the syndrome, which you have heard about, can occur in one in 100,000 people who have an infectio