by may 2, the battle of berlin is over. in this gallery, what we want to remind people of, even as we move into germany and are getting closer and closer to our goal of victory, the violence continues to escalate and it has real human costs. we tell the story of curtis ritter. he was a private in the american army. here, you can see a letter he wrote to his wife ellen in 1944. he was killed in late 1944 on the way into germany. you can see in the case that the hometown newspaper, the berlin post, is going to bring news of his death to his hometown in public. you can see condolence letters, that are going to be written to his family from various sympathizers, neighbors and friends and family member who knew curtis ritter . down here in the corner we have his combat infantry badge. blue background and the rifle on it. a badge that was an honor. it was given only to those who faced the enemy in direct combat. in this conclusion gallery to the road to berlin, what we want to show the public is the immense devastation that went

and we must extract it. >> berlin, of course, is divided at the end of world war ii but berlin is 110hev is threatening to force the integration and take over west berlin and kennedy says to him, berlin is part of our western commitment and world war ii. don't challenge us there. >> after two days, the talks end. >> kennedy did not do well. he allowed himself to be caught in an ideological argument with khrushchev. he'd been warned against it. he did it anyways and khrushchev bullied him and pushed him around. >> khrushchev has made the first move in the chess game. and the president knows it. as he leaves, he says, it's going to be a cold winter. >> kennedy thought there might be a basis for dealing with the soviets. instead he gets the berlin crisis. >> in july, 1,000 east germans escaped into west berlin every day. now in august, they're coming out at the rate of 2,500 a day. as a result of khrushchev's threats and demands. east germany is being bled of its best-trained people. >> i went to berlin to cover the bureau and the nbc news desk in new york called in the middle of the nig

the area where people lived in freedom was called west berlin. the area where people lived under the iron boot of soviet communism was called east berlin. this film by the u.s. government helps to explain what it was like to live in postwar berlin. >> two and a half million people, more than half of berlin's population, lived in the american, british, and french zones. but the whole city was surrounded by the soviet zone of germany. supplying the two and a half million people of the western canals, and roads. >> but the soviets wanted berlin all to themselves. so, they set up a giant blockade, cutting off the roads and railroads to west berlin. >> the suspension of all traffic successfully blocked all surface access to the city. the soviets claimed that technical difficulties caused the stoppage. the truth was that they were trying to force the western allies to surrender their position in berlin. and the weapon was hunger. >> with no food or supplies able to get in, the soviets expected the allies to pack up and leave. but they didn't. the unite

to berlin itself. handwriting see the on the wall by april 25. hathis gallery, this was a worn by one of the soviet troops when those troops met with the americans along the elbow river in april 1945. this hat was given to a lieutenant. berlinat point forward, was surrounded and the soviets are going to go ahead and crash hitler and the forces in berlin over the next week or so. the battle of berlin is over. what we want to remind people of even as we move into germany and are getting closer and closer to our goal of victory, the violence continues to escalate and it has real human cost. as we tell the story of curtis ritter, he was a private in the american army and here, you can see a letter he wrote to his wife in 1944. he was killed in the late 1944 on the way into germany. you can see in the case that the hometown newspaper is going to to hisews of his death hometown. you can see condolence letters written to his family. down here in the corner, we have his coveted combat infantry badge. the data

seven of those have been in berlin. ray brewer is here with a closer look at the issue and the forum ray: more than 200 50 people packing the cafeteria at berlin high school last night for a forum called facing heroin. school administrators say bruins high schools rate heroin use -- berlin' s high school heroin use is 93% higher than the state average. berlin police are responding to two or three overdoses every week. organizers of last night' s forum say the goal is to increase prevention efforts, treatment, and recovery options in the north country. there was a new chemical free prevention program at the high school aimed at keeping kids away from drugs. >> we are not sure we are necessarily going to see some major impact in those numbers this round. but we are committed to doing whatever we can to make a difference, so that those numbers do go down. ray: berlin' s police chief says juvenile incidents are up 22%. he is blaming much of that on the drug problem. sean: thanks. state lawmakers have now created to focus on

last night -- were in berlin. last night, there was a forum held at berlin high school. ray: school administrators say heroin use is 93% higher last night, people packed into the high school to talk about it. >> it is a community problem. when we identify a community problem, we can also identify a community solution. ray: more than 250 people came together last night to try to find solutions to new hampshire' s heroin epidemic. bob thompson says their high school has one of the worst heroin abuse rates in the state. bob: i think there might be status. a lot of people have different we' town. i think we are all done here pointing outside of ourselves for finding a reason for it. ray: berlin' s police chief says his officers are responding to the forum was hosted to increase treatment and prevention in the state. >> it is a step in the direction of building community awareness, identifying local actions to put us on the path to addressing the crisis. ray: thompson said he is hoping that the new chemical free preven

he we are in the first gallery of the road to berlin. and behind me, you will see the large portraits of the political leaders of the axis and allied powers, a lineup, if you will, of the two sides who are going to engage in this great struggle. when our visitors arrive in this gallery. -- gallery, we believe that they will no that pearl harbor has already occurred due to exhibits on the other side of the street in our museum. we have a video that introduces them to the five major strategic elements that the united states and our allies must master in order to win world war ii. these five key strategic elements include arsenal of democracy, building a greater war machine that our enemies. technology. it is not enough to produce our enemies, we have to make better equipment and weapons. control of the sea lanes, control of the air. and in the last strategic element, mastery of amphibious landings, which was highly debated going into world war ii as a successful military strategy. all of these things combined into the eventual invasion of

. >> in berlin, people's thoughts are with paris.s after the terrorist attacks there, people are still placing flowers in front of the french embassy on pariser platz. frenchman luc paquier is overwhelmed by the outpouring of sympathy. he has lived in the german capital for 12 years and works for the cfb, the french cultural center of berlin. he feels comforted by the solidarity the germans have demonstrated. luc: all these thousands of flowers and candles show me that the germans, too, want to defend values like tolerance and solidarity. i feel a kind of security among the people here with their humanity and empathy. >> paquier has seen how the terrorist attacks have brought germany and france closer together. the germans, always reluctant to take military action, are discussing a nato mission. >> if there are joint measures, including military action, we can't just sit on the sidelines. >> war against terrorists, but not against islam, paquier has strived for this in both countries for years. he says france in particular has neglec

right now it is chilly, 26 at berlin. we have that temperature inversion where it is warmer a loss than down in the valleys. concord in manchester have seen the temperature climb by three or four degrees in the last hour. western parts of the state into the 40' s, so much warmer than at this time last night i is much as 22 degrees. we will be chilly for the evening in the overnight but not nearly as cold as last night. temperatures actually rise into the 40' s in many spots as you head out early tomorrow morning. here is that wedge of almost springlike warm for it does cool down. near 50 in chicago and then back to the west temperatures dip back to more seasonable levels and eventually it will cool back the next couple of days will feature temperatures above the average, especially tomorrow night into a good part of friday. here' s one system we have to try between now and the weekend. sunday we may see a couple of mixed or snow showers but the rain is what we will be tracking through tomorrow afternoon. thickening clouds

and so, sicily is the next up on the road to berlin. -- next stop on the road to berlin. we are now entering the sicily gallery here at the national world war ii museum. here you can see on this map the the initial landings where allied forces are going to drop parachutes and then also come in with amphibious landings in july of 1943. now, sicily is going to prove to be a very quick campaign all told. only 38 days long, but it was filled with a lot of drama, and included the rivalry between general patton and bernard montgomery, the british commander. however, something i wanted to point out that is of special significance in this gallery that we want our visitors to understand is that war is a very messy, dirty, and often unfair business. and in those landings, at sicily, we are going to see the worst friendly fire incident that american forces suffer in world war ii. better than 300 american paratroopers are going to be shot down by allied forces as they approach southern italy early in the invasion. this is something that came about because of inexperience and green tr

you can see 736 miles from berlin to italy. what we tell the public, however, is that the road to berlin will not go through italy. despite the efforts of the allies to fight at the italian peninsula -- the terrain, the nazi army -- all of this will combine to bring us short of our goal of ultimate victory against nazi germany. we are not over to make it over the alps. and so in order to hit nazi germany directly, we will next visit the gallery that talks about the air war, the one place where we were able to directly strike the heart of hitler's empire. we are now entering our air war gallery. now up to this point at the museum, we have had a visitor on kind of a chronological march. north africa, sicily, italy, and the air war was going on throughout 1942 to 1945, and it was the one part of the war where we were constantly trying to hit nazi germany. could not strike them from north africa or italy physically, but we could from the air, and you could see on our map, we are launching a mission from north africa and especially

. >> host: so, berlin. he has very strong opinion about berlin and how it is handled.ut he does not seem to be, unless i misread this on what is pretty much a frontline issue, far more important than cuba, and other things. >> guest: here's the thing when the berlin crisis comes to head and u.s. and soviet tanks are facing one another in central berlin, kissinger's is arguing for a tougher line than ultimately can happen. they say awards better than a war and you saw that by the building of the wall. he doesn't say we should be ready to use nuclear weapons over this issue. it is quite interesting, he is deeply worried that the military may take it upon themselves to use them if they're not sufficiently clear lines of commands from the white house. that becomes a a big issue in the 1964 election. because goldwater, who really was quite reckless in the way he talks about nuclear weapons seemed ready to delegate the authority to use these kinds of weapons. kissinger's very opposed to that. i think that is another reason for the book argued that within a very short time he

. >> so berlin he had very strong opinions about berlin when the wall goes up.but he doesn't seem to be advocating the use of tactical nuclear weapons on what is pretty much a frontline issue, issue, far more important than cuba and other things that are going on. when the berlin crisis comes to head, in central berlin, he is arguing for a tougher line than ultimately can be took. he doesn't say we should be ready to use nuclear weapons over this issue. it's quite interesting. he is deeply worried that the military may take it upon themselves to use them if there are not sufficiently clear lines of command from the white house. that becomes a big issue in the 1964 election. goldwater, who really was quite reckless in the way that he talked about nuclear weapons, seemed ready to delegate the authority to use these kind of weapons to commanders in the field. i think that's another reason, having written the book, within a very short time he refutes the view and admits that there's escalation. but the theory survived. >> i'm not sure ice believe i believe the theor

. >> host: so, berlin. he has very strong opinions about berlin and how it's handled.ut he doesn't seem to be, unless i misread this, advocating the use of tactical nuclear weapons on what is pretty much a frontline issue, far more important in cuba and any other things that are going on. >> guest: when the berlin crisis comes ahead in the tanks come at the u.s. and soviet tanks are facing one another in central berlin, kissinger is hawkish and he is arguing for a tougher line than kennedy does. kennedy often says awol is better than a war. .. >> that is part of military doctrine now. >> the point that i make is that in military circles, these weapons still exist for a reason. they have made it very clear in his interviews that they want nuclear weapons. >> i would suggest perhaps, and maybe i'm misreading this, that the issue with berlin was either he had changed his mind or the other part of his argument is that you have to signal to the soviets that we are not looking for your complete surrender. were not looking for your of liberation and if we were to use tech you

berlin white, the mount nears get onboard. myra arsenal in front of the net to knock in the rebound. made it 1-0 berlin. jensen dandeno. they're going to get one for herself. made it 3-0. berlin caps a perfect 18-0 season with a 4-0 win, the third the mountaineers. in the second quarter, the spurs turn it over. david lee gets it ahead to marcus smart. he had 17. still in the secked. he's going to kicttufe manu ginobili. in the fourth quarter isiah thomas was going to burr yea three. he had 15 off the bench. the spurs win 95-87. matt bonner of concord did not play in the game here. of course, he's a forward for the sports. brad sheerhorn and bret patterson scored goals if the big green. they sweep the weekend series with a 5-2 win. darts mouth will go against one driver raced his way into >> joey logano in the lead. but kenseth decides to change that. he's looking for some payback intentionally wrecks the 22 preventing him from winning the fourth straight race. the crowd loved it. so did jeff gordon. he was able to hold off jam

me take up something that you talked about on the road to berlin exhibit. take us back to the early 1940's. the japanese had attacked us and december 19 41, and yet, the u.s. and its allies freely had an approach that would allow the troops to go to germany first. explain the military strategy behind that. mr. huxen: we were, as dr. miller pointed out, and isolationist nation. we were trying to catch up with preparation for war when the japanese attacked pearl harbor. we were a long way away from being prepared to win the war. it.g what it takes to win we knew from a military standpoint that the only way to win the war, as i like to put it -- the strategy is we're going to go to berlin and kill adolf hitler. in order to do that, hitler controlled the cotton of northwest europe. the only way to really make that happen was invade from southern england, somewhere on to the continent. we wind up going into normandy. this would be a tremendous operation, it would have to be. hitler, beginning in 1942, realizes that we will perform across channel invasion. he was

obstacles in berlin.is in china. -- he is saying that the eu needs to rule on diesel emissions. is ahead of the summit later on in paris. we are five minutes away from the european market open. looks like it will be a fairly flat open. there is 20 going on. plenty for jon ferro to think about when he joins us for "on the move." rba manning on hold. a big move in the fx market as well. a much stronger aussie dollar to take a look that -- a look at. let's just call it what it is. financial upheaval. standard chartered posting a surprise loss. plans to raise three point 3 billion pounds and cut their headcount by 15,000. these are huge numbers. it will transform the banking industry when you put together the moves by standard chartered, deutsche bank, credit squeeze, and potentially more to come from barclays. i find the vw story fascinating this morning. the scandal spread, the accusations towards porch. -- porsche. that means their new ceo has a lot of talking to do. guy: and the macro theme with comment s

mark: hans nichols is in berlin. siemens was full of christmas goodies.f it all smelling of roses in the house of siemens? delayit is smelling of a or giving them more breathing room. what they did with the buyback, they signaled that they want to have a little more time to really make the company more efficient so they did have a three-year, 3 billion share buyback they announced. therefore billion share buyback just concluded. it finished up pretty high, close to 4% on the increase. if you look at what the actual numbers were, what we focus on with siemens is the trains to turbines. that's all their overall net notme come in much better, much better, 200 million better than expected. the negative side on that is eir profit margin is going to be in the 10% to 11% range. siemens has really wanted to make this more of a lean and profitable company compared to its peers, abb in switzerland and general electric in the states. the topline numbers look pretty good. there is some concern about china and the ceo was clear, they do not know what the macro environ

coming to you from berlin, "quadriga". >> will the latest plan to manage the crisis work?ollowdoes, will it out core principles? that's what we want to find out today. judy dempsey is a columnist for the international herald tribune and works at carnegie europe. she says the walls are being built, physical and mental. alan posener with us again. german commentator for die welt, and says that if we want to keep the free movement of people, we have to keep those we don't want out. either new walls without or within. a pleasure to welcome janosch delcker, a political correspondent for politico europe in berlin. he says holding walls won't help. europe needs to address the reasons that makes refugees leave their home countries in the first place. judy dempsey, a new plan joins the pile. let's remember one of the other recent ones, the one that sought to redistribute 120,000 refugees fairly. 900 of those have been transferred so far. that in mind, what are the chances that this plan will be implemented in time? judy: it won't and it can't be limited. it can't be because it invo

so, berlin, he has very strong opinions about berlin and how it is handled, but he does not seem to beunless i've misread this advocating the use of tactical use on what is an issue far more acute port in cuba everett yother thing going on. >> here's the thing went the u.s. and soviet tanks are facing one another in central erlang, kissinger is arguing for a tougher line than ultimately can be and he ultimately says wars better than the war. he doesn't say we should be ready to use nuclear weapons over this issue, it is quite interesting he is deeply worried that the military may take it upon themselves to use them if they're not sufficiently clear lines of command from the white house. that becomes the a big issues in the 1964 election. because one who was quite reckless it is talk about nuclear weapons, kissinger was very opposed to that. i think that is another reason why it's not strangelove. having written the book within a very short time he admits there is escalation. >> well in a certain part of in military circles this is by no means ruled out. these weapons are still in exist

the plans but it turns out to be three months to 1944ay after the march 6 .ir raid >> that road to berlin exhibit one of many exhibits on display at the world war ii museum in new orleans. our c-span bus is parked right outside the pavilion at the museum, where historians and curators will be joining us for the next couple of hours to talk war whichend of the occurred 70 years ago, in 1945. joining us live is the gentleman we saw a moment to go in that tape, the museum's senior director of research and history. thank you for being with us. keith: thank you for having me. >> for those who had a chance to watch the last half hour, your museum is part of the 21st century model where you really begin to experience what it was like. how did that all come about? our museum actually has great investment in the personal narratives of the individuals, men and women who fought in the war, and that tradition goes back to our founder, the late dr. stephen ambrose, who incorporated oral histories into ceo was partd our of the faculty along with ambrose, his best friend at the university of new orleans

i'll go to berlin. you go to berlin, set up an office in berlin. i went to berlin. my wife i had to leave behind. set up the office of the chief of counsel for war crimes, berlin branch. to show you how my arming -- army training stood me in good stead, the first officer they assigned me was in the cellar of on the floor i found a picture of president truman lying in the dirt, no frame. i said, get me a picture frame. , and ihe picture frame put the picture in and i wrote on it, to my friend benny from harry. a put it on the wall. named terryend freedman. he could've given me that picture. i called up the commanding kernel and said, i'd like to talk to you, colonel. he said, who is this? said, i'm here on assignment from the president of the united states. i want you to come over right away. yes, sir. we have five or six rooms here. we need proper quarters. how are we going to get our job done? sir, andyes immediately i got a whole building or half of a building right next to general gray's headquarters. we had a staff of about 50 people. the germanall archives, mos

hans nichols in berlin. let's get more from kevin.en you look at the cars and we are talking more about -- you have exposure to the cars. how tainted has the diesel market been because of volkswagen? kevin: yeah, i think from our perspective it is almost too early to tell with any certainty what happens next four vw and if -- for vw and if the problem is contained. then it's probably manageable. however, we have to recognize ar industry has been a huge part of global growth not just in europe but in the u.s. and globally as well. if the problems in vw are systemic of what is happening in the industry and it becomes a much bigger event, not just for car manufacturers but for all the service providers, the banks that lend to the industry, for the european economy and for the macro economy, at a time wehre it's already vulnerable and growth is disappointing. vw,too early to be sure on but nonetheless it is worrying if it starts to spread from a macro perspective. francine: what does it mean for investment? are you staying away from car c

host: there is a parking lot in berlin where that took place near that bunker. let's go to paul in colorado. caller: yes, sir. at the end of the last segment, i saw eisenhower deploying the concentration camps after liberation. i was wondering, in what part of the war did we know or were aware of the concentration camps, and whether any military missions prior to the fall of germany to liberate these camps? host: thank you. keith: there was not a military operation to liberate the camps. there was a question during the war that churchill and roosevelt faced on whether or not to bomb the lines to the death camps in poland. the problem we were facing, and we knew about this from 1942 onward, not seize actually come up with final solutions at the conference in january 1942, the problem we faced from 1942 to 1943 into 1944 was that we do not have a toll really on the european continent where we can reach eastern europe. the soviet union is being hit very hard on the eastern front at this time, and josef stalin did not want to allow british or american aircraft and c

berlin, who is driving the campaign bus? >> that is an interesting question. my sense is that it is cameron driving a lot of it. he did his big european tour. but also has a very specific niche which is this issue with the city and safeguards around the currency. it will be interesting given the leadership question if cameron will be to leave, who the face of the campaign as we get close. jon: the u.k. business is clearly on board with this particular campaign. the idea of the referendum and what they want from it which differs from sector to sector. you go to berlin, does this conversation resonate? there is quite a lot acting o's push for reform. they want to find a way to keep the u.k. inside. program, at on this sweet deal. activision agrees to buy king digital $5.9 billion. jon: here are some of bloomberg's top stories. standard chartered will cut 15,000 jobs after reporting an unexpected quarterly loss. the bank says it will raise 3.3 billion pounds in a rights issue. the earnings come as they struggle to reduce the stock price and have the value of the

. >> she looked stunning but the whole gang of course hit berlin for the world free mere of the final installment and the c having a blast. even in that cold weather with carly steal. >> a great journey. >> i feel like i'm sucking my butt cheeks in. i don't want to ruin the dress. >> you didn't, jen. this glamed up crowd couldn't be further from the nation of pan em. elizabeth in elle saab and classic black jason wu. >> i thought it was so pretty. >> but earlier it was all casual with b berlin. >> we toured around and saw the canals and the parks and it was great. >> getting too berlin was an adventure too. check out elizabeth's post of cars on the tarmac. we don't go anywhere without each other. >> it's a triad. >> yeah. >> julian said you because you arrived on a plane with a very interesting ensemble. >> 30 minutlate. >> let's not talk about late. no. >> you always say that. i'm alwaysearly. >> oh. >> well, josh did have an excu for being tardy, sort of. >> they made us leave o halloween so i came in a halloween costume. >> and then it was like super exciting when we landed in germ

the fall of the berlin wall on november 9th, 1989 ended the division of berlin after 28 years. it had been erected by the german democratic republic on august 13th, 1961, separating the western part of the city from the eastern part and the surrounding gdr. it fell after months long demonstrations of east german citizens demanding more freedom for themselves. the berlin wall was one of the most poignant symbols of the cold war and many were killed trying to flee the oppressive regime. the exact number of victims is disputed to this very day, but estimates are between 125 and 200 people lost their lives. when the wall finally came down, thousands of people were flooding the streets of west berlin, celebrating an event, most of whom did not expect to experience it during their lifetime. russian track and field athletes could be banned from next year's olympics in rio de janeiro after a highly critical report accused russian leaders of complicity in a widespread doping scandal. the wada commission, set up to investigate doping in russia, announced yesterday that even the country's

. >> we toured around and saw the canals and the parks and it was great. >> getting too berlin was an adventure too. check out elizabeth's post of cars on the tarmac. we don't go anywhere without each other. >> it's a triad. >> yeah. >> julian said you because you arrived on a plane with a very interesting enenmble. >> yeah. you know. >> 30 minutlate. >> let's not talk about late. no. >> you always say that. i'm alwaysearly. >> oh. >> well, josh did havav an excu for being tardy, sort of. >> they made us leave o halloween so i came in a halloween costume. >> and then it was like super citing when we landed in germany where it's no l halloween and all he has is a horse head skeleton costume to go through customs. >> going through customs and having a blastst postingng pitts left and right. >> quick fire rounds. of the three who is the better singer? >> liam. liam is a lot more musical than he lets on josh is a fabulous dancer. >> i was goioi to k that. >> i am very at organizing. >> who is the best cook? >> liam. liam wins that one. >> did he give you t tse estions? >> yeah. >> who i t

>> this is dw news from berlin. russia and turkey trade blows really foreign minister says moscow will suspend visa free travel following the downing of a russian military jet. plus, france mourns instead. and pope francis lands in uganda. ♪ sarah: i am sarah kelly. good evening. welcome to the program. tonight there is more signs that the relationship between russia and turkey continues to deteriorate. russia says it is suspending these of three travelto turkish citizens after a military jet was down earlier this week. turkish president has reached out to set up a call. those calls have gone unanswered. all of this during the major wrench into the attempt to fight islamic state. our coverage begins with this report. >> russian airstrikes continue against the rebels not far from the location where the russian bomber was shot down on tuesday moscow's also said system to the area. both sides seem to be coping the team. -- having the antie. >> we have more and more questions about turkey's true intention and his studen

he works for reuters in berlin. he thinks that turmoil in merkel's party raises questions about possible intrigues behind the scenes. andrea's clue is berlin bureau ef at "the economist." he says critics are wrong to assume that merkel is going to the toppled. she remains the dominant figure in her party. corinna and once is a ard and onlineor correspondent for tagesschau.de. she says it is unclear whether merkel will keep her power. it has been a chaotic week in german politics. we've been getting mixed messages coming from the chancellor and her cabinet. erik, is this just a case of communication breakdown inside chancellor merkel's cabinet, or something more serious? erik: much more serious. thomas de maiziere is an ally of merkel. he's a powerful figure in the cabinet. he and the finance minister are both staging a small rebellion, letting merkel no it is not ok what's going on. a lot of people in germany are upset with the loss of control of the borders. riftthe seeds of a serious in the government that could b