and then it in typical american fashion ends with the good ending the collapse of the berlin wall. the collapse of central socialist central planning and. capitalism flourishes after that. still lots of challenges. so it's been popular that rutledge published or now goes through its fourth edition. and i've stuff on global warming on inequality on inflation lots of more current topics and you've added stuff on the pandemic as well how that was handled economically. what's your view as well? my view is it wasn't handled very well because it was all top down was all a government telling us what to do and more and more everything was being either mandated or prohibited. so it's like the old star wars movie where the the the, the, how the the room is collapsing on both sides mandates and and prohibitions. and so we we lost our freedom. i would have loved much rather seeing individual business leaders university presidents let them make the decision. don't let the governor just say we're we're closing everything down. most economists now agree that was a big mistake and it certainly cou

the eyes on the form for fullest want us will after the fall of the berlin wall in 1989, it was gorbachev who expressed the u. s. as our support for the reunification of germany's communist east and the democratic west, many germans fondly referred to him as go abbey, east germans in particular, revere him as the man who brought them freedom after decades of dictatorship. former chancellor angle american, who herself, grew up in east germany, said gorbachev had fundamentally changed her life. that he exemplified how one single statesman can change the world for the better. on the streets of berlin, memories of gorbachev are still fond. the da said that he agreed to reunify occasion. alva medea that was the most important thing for us all at once. i didn't i'm house knock no and lower for the fall of the wall and that he stood for something good. no, we have him to thank for our re unification. now barton forgotten to have him. i stood for freedom i had done for i'd own the biggest thing was freedom. i i, i there, i am very touched, really, very touched help to move. i am very sorry. that

germany many including chancellor, all our sholtes have praised gorbachev for helping topple the berlin wall and re unified the country. cielo lazarus, who he is considered one of the fathers of german reunification, shall go to the store using the importance of michelle gorbachev for germany emerged clearly from the words of chancellor or left shots and moved to go the former. he was a courageous, our former and a statesman. go dead to do many things and mister guessing we will not forget that perestroika made it possible you must hurt us to try to establish a fully walk glossy in russia. the encounter and adapt to democracy and freedom became possible in europe. fly up to no part at germany could be united excellent point. and the iron curtain disappeared. the eyes on the form for shortlist one does what after the fall of the berlin wall in 1989, it was gorbachev who expressed the u. s. as our support for the reunification of germany's communist east and the democratic west, many germans fondly referred to him as go abbey, east germans, in particular, revere him as the man who brought them

the berlin wall comes down, even the british were not in favor of german reunification at that time. they were skeptical of it. george h.w. bush was the visionary transformational leader that was patient, and kind, and inclusive and did not command but invited. the way he would, especially during the time of that you reunification of germany, really meant there would be no hot war. we ended the ideology of the soviet union and the united states. we did it peacefully because president bush earned and gave respect pretty gave respect to people who were willing to be part of a solution. and he earned respect because he did that but his relationship with gorbachev was something no one could have predicted for years before the berlin wall came down. when gorbachev was in power for four years before george h.w. bush became president of the united states, may have been a glimmer of hope and expectation but it was not a reality. i think george h.w. bush allowed gorbachev to deal with the reality that the berlin wall came down and that germany should be reunified without being part of the sov

it was 1989 here in berlin when the wall came down.ars for the soviet union to collapse. but in your view, was it inevitable when this wall came down here in berlin that the soviet union was finished? russian translation: the point i want to make is that you believed for a long time that you could reform and revitalise the soviet union, and you were wrong because, in the end, the process of glasnost and perestroika killed off the soviet union. and i wonder now, looking back, whether you feel that was a good thing or whether, like vladimir putin, you feel, well, as he says, that it was a catastrophic event, the most catastrophic event of the 20th century. yes. see, what followed you... what followed you were years of economic chaos and political chaos. vladimir putin's message to the russian people today is that the chaos that came after the soviet union was deeply damaging to the interests of the russian public and that he, vladimir putin, is going to restore a sense of pride, status and power to greater russia, and, to many people out

the berlin wall comes down. even the british bun weren't in favor of german reunification at that time, they were skeptical of it. george h. w. bush was the kind of visionary transformational leader that was patient and kind and inclusive and didn't command, he invited. the way he worked, especially during the time of the reunification of germany, really meant that there would be no hot war. we ended the ideology of the conflict between the soviet union in the united states, and we did it peacefully. because president bush earned he year he invited. the way he worked, especially during the time of the reunification of germany, really meant that there would be no hot war. we ended the ideology of the conflict between the soviet union in the united states, and we did it peacefully. because president bush earned and gave respect. he gave respect to people that were willing to be a part of a solution, and he earned respect because he did that. his relationship with gorbachev was something that no one could've predic

now, during her reign, the building of the berlin wall, the falling of the berlin wall, the falling of the soviet union. i mean, it, it goes on and on the vietnam war, how many us presidents were there 14 us president and she met 30 looting jeff kennedy. it goes on and on. and as we've just heard before, 15 british prime ministers, including sir winston churchill at the war time leader. and then on tuesday, her 15th liz trust. so it is an extraordinary reign. and so much has changed during those 70 years while she was on the throne. ordinary indeed, and her, her room was remarkably lacking in miss steps, at least of her own. yeah, i think that's a pretty much fair to say. i think the missteps, if i'm all really evolved around her personal life or her suddenly have families personal life. and i would say the biggest problem that she faced, where really, her popularity dipped was following the death of princess diana. that was king charles, his 1st wife. she was killed in a tragic car crash in 1997. and there was an absolute outs for outpouring of gray across the world, but particularly

we left that with the cold war and the berlin wall to be completely attacked not only on ukraine butall that we have worked for so ukraine belongs to ukrainians and ukrainian people and it's up to them to assign the future of their country. as long as they support them we support them and then to support. >> you mentioned in your remarks from copenhagen us can you characterize how those meetings went whether or not they delivered that a speedy and effective aid to ukraine and the types of weapons that the ukrainians need on the battlefield? >> when you look at the donations the first was spontaneousou nations of course everybody hadad a feeling that the brutality of it came so that first part of the donation we look at the support of the ukrainian so the second phase of donations is no doubt the american administration has taken steps and we would not be there where we are now. and used to the sport of the ukrainian fight we could not have done without the americans infrastructure is enormous. the political will is enormous we are add a space where the united states there's more ques

exhausted on the berlin wall, feeling concrete and imaginary between the 2 blocks. wow. then it was clear that they defended against vacancy for the damned thing. if you think on the defensive position against the soviet union and worse, so back there is no more soviet union and worse, so back. and they are still trying to defend themselves. 1000. so calendar is from that line that was added into all the are just making the decision. now we are depending are cells here and then they will depend themselves there. they are thing that need to with defensive lines. now they are responsible for security have been pacific region. so the next ship, pensive line for nato will be. sounds chinese see. yeah, i don't down that for a 2nd. and i was concerned that during that session for how long with that the support this situation will continue. but i'm not going to gas for we don't operate against president was also talking about that he found better cuz we see our goals that we have said, and we are working towards reaching big goals. member on tick, tock, please. you will yo

i saw the fall of the berlin wall. we cannot go back to a period of history where we saw that military power was right. we can't go back to that so i think what is at stake here is a fight for their freedom, our freedom, but also be international rule-based order. they are the ones who decide the future. >> the death of mikael gorbachev remind his -- reminded us of the major shift in the late 80's. do you think we are in an era where the world order it is shifting again based on what we saw with the invasion of ukraine? >> i think there are challenges. it is important that the united states and europe stands together in defending that because there is only one way when it comes to building the future of the world and that is a comment recognized international will based order -- rule-based order. that is what we felt during the cold war. we cannot accept a charge like putin and others going against that. we have about three minutes left and we -- looking beyond the ukraine war, what is nato need to do in terms of postu

not necessary gorbachev announced non-interference in the affairs of the gdr and a year later the berlin walls applauded, foreign leaders said goodbye. today came only the ambassadors of the united states of britain germany france and the only foreign leader who was not afraid and came personally was the hungarian prime minister viktor orban, as gorbachev's comrades-in-arms say, with all his heart he wanted to build a new, more perfect soviet union, because in the old one he did not like a lot of emergency economic reforms and deficit costs, empty shelves in stores, a dry law announced so that people drink less in the country, and as a reaction to coupons for sugar and a sharp surge in home brewing in the nineties, when mikhail sergeevich became the first in in the history of the ussr, the president of the country was already completely different in the kremlin, congresses of people's deputies thundered. and not everyone in the party elite approved of such changes. hence the gkchp in august 1991, and as we remember the isolation of gorbachev at the dacha in foros, gorbachev is in the hands of

there on the berlin wall, it is dedicated to that and for whom not only the wall fell, gorbachev wheree rule a separate question? as the ancient wisdom says about the dead, either good or nothing, but not everyone knows its ending nothing but the truth. for me, the truth is that through the efforts of this person, i and millions of people like me have been deprived of the great multinational country that i respected. you honestly were afraid of the whole world, of course, many politicians, famous people could not help but remain silent. for example, what the secretary general said to gorbachev, he said the world has lost an outstanding leader on a global scale a staunch supporter of multilateralism and a tireless fighter for peace, mikhail sergeevich’s entire struggle for peace consisted in the fact that he simply took and destroyed the soviet union, and the soviet army to a heap, and there is no more restraining force left for us and the united states in the world, but courage and the honesty he demonstrated in bringing the cold war to a peaceful end during putin's aggression. in ukra

we saw the berlin wall go up, the berlin will go down the end of the soviet empire. oh, the vietnam war. i mean, where do you, where do we begin? where do we finish? it was next been an extraordinary 70 years that were that she was on the throne and what has developed, i'm in history across the world and incredible. and i think particularly for her, given the fact that when she took power, it was an written, i had this huge empire and then she had to oversee the demise of that, but still manage what was left behind, which is of course, the commonwealth is truly remarkable. it's hard to imagine another sovereign or another leader in fact, or, you know, anybody really having seeing so much of change during history. of course we don't know what will happen, but you know, it was in quite an incredible rain. but it wasn't won without missteps. was it? yeah, i mean, i think it's fair to say that over 70 years, she and performed very, very well, obviously at the beginning and for most of the decades there was no social media and things of what i oversee get much more diffic

he let go of east germany and let the berlin wall fall because he believed that one people could notdivided and he managed to win the sympathy of the americans by talking to them about simple things. and he sincerely believed that all walls can be destroyed once and for all. just getting to know each other better will go with president reagan to red square aggressively. repeated can remain different. not being huge enemies, maybe little known about our country. we have agreed to. let's figure it out. let's exchange then the american president, was asked as before whether he considers the soviet union an empire. now this is his own definition here answered. no, he no longer thinks so and it was a term from the past, but the rating was staunch anti-communists and retracted his words. it is unlikely that he abandoned the belief that the soviet union remains an enemy rival and must be crushed. his hope was justified, but hardly anyone assumed that it will happen so quickly because literally after three and a half years. after that memorable walk, he stands here on red square. the same wa

we generally believe that after the collapse of the berlin wall , no others can be erected in europencluding virtual walls related to restricting the movement of citizens on our continent, at least our continent knows what difficulties our citizens face who are trying to get visas western countries. this is simply humiliating for some of our citizens. when let's say a young woman is told that we won't give you a visa to the united states just on the grounds that you are pretty and young, because we have a suspicion that you will prostitute there. isn't this a humiliation, and while we are faced with a manifestation of this kind, we will build our visa policy accordingly, it is difficult to negotiate, but we managed to agree on simplifying the visa regime in such a simplified procedure take advantage of students, journalists, business representatives, cultural figures, this will be the first step towards a visa-free regime. you are witnesses of numerous, including closed negotiations in the zero years, when this visa issue was actively discussed and our relations seemed to be ideal, b

eastern germany that has seen a lot of very painful structural transformations since the fall of the berlin wall 33 years ago. now, when the e u decided on a large embargo of russian oil starting in december of this year, the majority shareholder of the refinery, the russian energy company rosin f said that it was not going to talk about of other alternative sources of supply for the refinery. that in turn prompted important business partners of the refinery. both the i, t companies, suppliers, insurers to say they could no longer work with the refinery. and that put those 1200 jobs that depend on the refinery, as well as many more that are indirectly dependent on it endanger. so this is why the federal government is stepping in to put a trustee in place who can start expedited negotiations with other suppliers who are not russian. and then beyond that, the government also says it's going to commit up to a 1000000000 euros for the longer term development of infrastructure in the region . to make this a hub for clean energy going forward or less turn to some of the stories on how russia's invasio

the berlin wall fell and with it, the iron curtain that had divided europe for decades. it was gorbachev's, reformist, policies that helped unleash a peaceful revolution across eastern europe. in 1990 gorbachev was awarded the nobel peace prize for his key role in bringing about a new peaceful world order. internationally, he was highly regarded but at home he was increasingly under pressure. the economic situation was dire. the soviet union on the verge of falling apart, communist hardliners stage, a coup against gorbachev in august 1991. at the end of that year, mikhail gorbachev announced his resignation and the soviet union was dissolved with many russians holding him responsible for its demise. so abroad gorbachev represented peace and prosperity. why did that prosperity know trickle down to regular russians the well, it all depends on who you are, who on who you ask, then people who are coming to moscow's house of unions to day to pay their last respects to got a bunch of these people, certainly think very highly of him for them. he is an icon, a man who changed th

as his dw news lie from berlin, wall stories is up next, including report from finland on those new visa restrictions for russians. or of course, on the website to d, w dot com and on the t w. i'll be back at the top of the i have a good a thought they were great. american. how many portion of us are now in the world right now? the climate change, the very hot story. this is my place, the way from just one week. how much was can really get we still have time to go. i'm going all with his subscriber or more with oh, this week on world stories filane changes. it's, these are policy for russians. the trauma of the ruining, the people in bangladesh. we begin in ukraine where russia is war has caused a mass exodus. many are sheltering in other parts of the country. like understands your voiceover who is safe in odessa for now. looking for something pretty among, donated clothes at the refugee center. anastasio about his of a lift, nearly everything behind her. when she fled her home in the russian occupied her son region. she and her children have been in odessa for 3 weeks now. lately with h

the berlin wall fell and with it, the iron curtain that had divided europe for decades. it was gorbachev's, reformist policies that helped unleash a peaceful revolution across eastern europe. in 1990 gorbachev was awarded the nobel peace prize for his key role in bringing about a new peaceful world order. internationally. he was highly regarded. but at home, he was increasingly under pressure. the economic situation was dire. the soviet union on the verge of falling apart, communists hardliner stage to kill against gorbachev in august 1991. at the end of that year, mikhail gorbachev announced his resignation and the soviet union was dissolved with many russians holding him responsible for its demise. near he could you tell us more about why ah, there is such a mixed legacy at home as far as a gorbachev went in and what he achieved while elac gorbachev lay to the foundations of russian democracy. he created the atmosphere in which something completely new co to merge band, freedom of speech, freedom of press democracy, everything that russians before him could only dream

under him, the soviet contingent was withdrawn from afghanistan in the same 89 year of paul the berlin wallwhich separated west and east germany, of course, activity. e mikhail gorbachev, who even won the nobel peace prize for his political detente in our country, received many conflicting assessments, which may not be heard today and here during the farewell ceremony. it must also be said that many european leaders expressed their condolences on the death of mikhail gorbachev however, none of them will be here in moscow, but foreign countries. confine ourselves to the presence of the heads of their depressions, in particular france and the united states, it is expected that after these countries they will arrive at the simplification ceremony, but i repeat the official start at 10:00 am, and we will sit at how this ceremony will be held tatiana boris thank you. boris ivanin spoke about parting sex with soviet president mikhail gorbachev. ryazan region has only one natural the fire, according to the press service of the cabinet of ministers of russia, it has already been lykalized the site

just a month later, the berlin wall fell. so i think that will always be the sense of gratitude to go. which of here is the man who brought freedom to central and eastern europe at that time? of course he didn't always for see the, the consequences of his actions. well, let me get to that. i mean, do we know how gorbachev saw reunification at the time? it probably happened much more quickly than anybody was anticipating. well, i think that's definitely true and, and also for go which of himself in 1989. originally he did not think in terms of german reunification. i think his focus was on reducing the costs of the soviet military present right in east germany. and he wanted to send the message to the communist regime. as i mentioned, you know, we're no longer the guarantor, moscow will no longer be the arbiter and guarantor of communist power in these satellite countries. you have to do it yourself. now, at that time, he criticized for instance helmet coles. 10 point plan. we sent out a pathway to german reunification but by

then with the fall of the berlin wall, it seemed to be as it was spoken of by many commentators, the end history as we've known it, that seemed done and passed. and all of a sudden i'm vladimir putin comes along and it looks like the ghosts of the fifties and sixties the cold war era are back still haunting us today. well, that's i wanted to go on and ask you what lessons do we take from gods deception now that is coming out in the 2020s with a war raging ukraine something that we did not expect. well, history matters and of us who don't pay to history and don't know the facts of history, maybe we're we're fated to to have these bad things happen again. i go back to the impact of alger hiss and stalin's spies on the world that we it just to give you some brief examples before getting to vladimir putin harry. dexter white was another colleague of alger hiss. he was top dog in the treasury and he was called up in 1939, in the summer of 1939. this was before the us was at war before we had gotten into the war in europe or before the attack on pearl harbor and the victor pavlov was his s

the queen herself, was here to open this building in 2011 years after the wall fell, and berlin was re united. it was the 1st time a reigning monarch had inaugurated an embassy in a sign of her special ties to germany. she's often seen as a force of reconciliation between britain and germany. not only after the 2nd world war, but also after german reunification in 1992, just 3 years after the berlin wall had fallen, she travelled to drayton, a city that had been annihilated by british and american forces in the fire bombing at the, towards the end of world war 2, she met with the cool reception. there were protests, an egg was thrown, and yet that didn't deter her from becoming a major donor to the reconstruction of dresden most important landmark, the church of our lady, a magnificent church that had been entirely destroyed. it was her, her efforts, including a major benefit conference concert here in berlin, that helped to fund the golden coupla that now adorns the church and was constructed in britain by artisans who included the son of one of the pilots who had destroyed the church

the fall of the berlin wall was an accident. it wasn't planned. so he wound up being a very important historical figure without ever planning for that to happen. >> all right. just stay with us. i want to bring in senior international correspondent fred pleitgen, who joins us now live from the house of unions in central moscow. fred, you are there at the public service. so tell us more about your impressions on how gorbachev is being mourned there. >> hi there, kim. first of all, i think everything said to far is absolutely correct. one of the things we can see is a lot of the big words about mikael gorbachev as being one of the biggest leaders of the 20th century, they mostly come from outside of russia. if you look at for instance what the former german chancellor said, secretary of state blinken as well, they obviously praised mikhail gorbachev as someone instrumental in bringing down the iron curtain. here in russia it's not just vladimir putin or the russian government, but many russians who simply feel that their situation after the fall of

between herself was here when the embassy was opened in 2000, 11 years after the berlin wall fell andny was united, the first time a reigning monarch had inaugurated an embassy, a sign of her special ties to germany. she is often seen as a force of reconciliation between britain and germany, not only after world war ii, but also after german reunification. in 1992, just three years after the berlin wall had fallen, she traveled to dresden, a city that had been annihilated by british and american forces in the firebombing towards the end of world war ii. she met with a cool reception. there were protests and egg was thrown and yet that didn't deter her from becoming a major donor to the reconstruction of dresden's most important landmark, the church of our lady, a magnificent church that had been entirely destroyed. it was her efforts, including a major benefit concert here in berlin, that helped fund the golden coup -- cupola the now adorns the church, made by the sons of one of the pilots who destroyed the church. nicole: queen elizabeth's impact also extended into the world of sport

wall. he goes to berlin firehouse, takes the huge pickax, starts banging on the wall, knocking down the wall. this west berlin are sees it, he says, oh, can i have that for a while? >> gordon gives him the big pickax, and that guy, with gordon's pickax, ends up on the cover of newsweek. [laughing] [music] >> one thing about rupert murdoch the people must understand, he has a great vision for what is lacking in the landscape. [music] >> not only in print, but in television. >> how did television news become so boring? >> president obama.>> very politically correct. >> it's shocking. [music] >> not only will there not be anyone like him in the future, you can't erase it, it's here to stay. [music] >> we realized very early on in our reporting that there were two stories here that we were really writing. and one story was the story of rupert murdoch, media mogul, and the other story is the story of rupert murdoch, the father. >> those two identities are deeply intertwined.and that has huge bearing, this one is going to determine the future of the other. [music] >> when they got to new york, the

ranging from the fall of the berlin wall in europe, end of apartheid in africa.england, the first female prime minister, the first black president in america. also, the development of the world wide web, which had a huge impact on society. >> the queen announced technology, fully behind launching the website for the british monarchy. in recent years we saw her get behind a facebook page for the monarchy in 2010 and all these things were sent right to the top. she oversaw all those developments in technology. >> as head of state she was all too aware of a new kind of national threat. >> we in the u.k. have been dealing with terrorism for a long time, particularly after the second world war. a new wave of terrorism, islamic terrorism, had hit london. she observed a two minute silence. she was defiance, you can bomb us, but we will not falter. >> as britain became a more multicultural society, more accepting of divorce, the queen's family adopted when prince harry married meghan markle, a biracial american actress who had been married before. differences began to em

the berlin wall was invited to the nuclear arms race, troops were withdrawn from afghanistan for everythingy of the peace prize and now for these minutes there is a farewell ceremony at the novodevichy cemetery in the capital, where the politician will be buried next to his wife raisa maximova in the way that mikhail gorbachev actually bequeathed dmitry thank you boris ivanin. he was in touch with us from the columned hall of the house of the unions, where today they said goodbye to the last soviet leader, the first and only president of the ussr, mikhail gorbachev. now, to other events in the german city of kassel , during protests against sending weapons to ukraine, there was a clash between demonstrators and the police several hundred people blocked the passage to the local arms factory as police officers who tried to unblock the road flew bottles in response received batons and pepper spray in the scuffle, eight policemen were reportedly injured, including those who were not reported. hmm, let us recall before that, the minister of foreign affairs, germany on ber god announced its inten

your comments in the new yorker about the berlin wall is so striking because we watched on tv here, in89 when the wall collapsed, first it was just one break. then it was a few more protesters. and we saw them, each night, more and more people on that wall. and they brought it down and two years later, the soviet union itself collapsed. is that the point where we are now in iranian history? >> exactly! look, iranian women, inside the country, leading a movement, leading a revolution right now. alongside a man. and when i see that they are burning the head scarves, it just reminds me of the time when like these women, individual protesting, but not feeling empowered to take in a large number, for 40 years, they have been fighting, they've been pushing back the boundaries, compulsory job law, morality police. but right now, the brutal death of mahsa amini, is becoming a turning point for iranian woman. and it is a tipping point for the islamic republic. look, islamic republic has three pillars, death to america, death to israeli, and hijab. as soon as the islamic republic took over, they

the berlin wall divided the country and came down in 1989. mr. gorbachev refused to intervene. many germans, it was mr. gorbachev that paved the way. >> he was a courageous reformer and a statesman who dared to do many things. an attempt to establish democracy in russia. germany could be united in the iron curtain disappeared. the democracy movement also benefited from the fact he was in charge of russia. not only has democracy in russia failed, there is no other way to describe the current situation there. anchor: reaction has been mixed. there were ethnic conflicts and economic chaos and even an attempted coup by communist hardline. vladimir putin is one of them. he described the breakup of the soviet union as the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the century. >> he was an extraordinary person. a unique person. believing the cold war would end between the soviet union and the world. that romanticism was not justifd. there was no romantic time. anchor: for more on how the russian media is covering this, i spoke a little earlier. >> we have tributes pouringnto many countries

germany with expectation the tanks would relent but quite the contrary, it was not long before the berlin wall came down. now 30 years on, comes the danger of further east-west conflict. >> russia and its president are digging new changes in europe and have started a horrible war in ukraine. it is now the we think of mikal gorbachev and what he did for our country in all of europe. >> gorbachev hailed as a man of peace has died at a time when his country was heavily engaged in war. >> earlier i spoke to an opposition leader in belarus who said gorbachev remains a controversial figure in belarus. >> his rule oppression decreased. his policy also led to the collapse of the soviet union. it opened the window of opportunity for us innocent people and we gained independence and freedom because of this. some people believe that belarus is the last piece of the ussr. quickly after the collapse of the soviet union, their dictatorship was reestablished. people did not have a chance to enjoy freedom. the property in belarus was nationalized again. belarus returned to soviet symbols. the kgb is still cal

germany, of expectation that the tanks would roll in, but quite the contrary, wasn't long before the berlin wallame down. yet now, 30 years on with the russians invasion of ukraine comes the danger of further , east-west conflict. >> russia and its president are digging new trenches in europe , and have started a horrible war in ukraine. it's now we think of mikhail gorbachev and realize what he did for our country and all of europe. reporter: gorbachev, hailed as a man of peace, has died at a time when his country is heavily engaged in war. andrew simmons, al jazeera. ♪ hashem: let's bring in our guests. in moscow, pavel felgenhauer, a defense and military analyst. maria lipmann, russian editor and political analyst based in moscow until the russian invasion of ukraine. she's now in munich, germany, and in washington, d.c. donald jensen is the director of russia and strategic stability at the u.s. institute of peace, and a former u.s. diplomat in moscow. welcome to the program. pavel, quite interesting the way people are divided over the legacy of gorbachev now we do understand that president p

her own father, king george vi, the system of communism which was defeated with the fall of the berlin wall, the system of radical islamic terrorism that heralded such fear right here in britain as well on 7/7 in the year 2005. she's seen all of these come and go. and it is remarkable that she has been this steadying rock as again was described in many of the tributes. a rock on which this very, very difficult world was based around. she was the constant in a world of instability. and i think that, too, is something that will be missed. so it is not just her or the monarchy or the institutions, it is just what she represents and i think that we're seeing reflected in all of the people who come out. and then afterwards in the days after the funeral, where she's finally laid to rest, finally in windsor, people will start talking and politics did start turning around the issues of nationalism, of independence around the united kingdom and then will continue to be debated around the commonwealth and whether or not she should or rather the king should still remain the sovereign. and even already

we generally believe that after the collapse of the berlin wall , no others can be erected in europe, virtual walls associated with, restricting the movement of citizens on our continent, at least our continent knows what difficulties our citizens face when they try to obtain visas to western countries. this is simply humiliating for some of our citizens. when let's say, a young woman. they say that we will not give you a visa to the united states just because you are pretty and young, because we suspect that you will prostitute there. isn't this a humiliation, and while we're facing manifestation of this kind, we will build our visa policy accordingly. you are a witness, uh, of numerous, including closed negotiations in the zero years, when this visa issue was actively discussed and our relations seemed to be ideal, but, nevertheless the european union did not go forward. this topic of visas, was n’t it always such a question for possible blackmail, what do you think of russia, well, it has always been a stumbling block, although in the old days it was possible to make serious progre