joining me from new york is bernie meyerson. how are you using these patents? for instance, we have entered a new era, we used to talk about memory, the reality is, information technology is an assistant technology and these patents support that. we have patents that look at the issue of -- can i help somebody who has alzheimer's complete a phrase when they get lost? this is an issue. we get results out of taking watson even further into the future. when it speaks, it has to be emotive. if a building is on fire, you do not want it to say, run for the exits. you want it to say, run! we started working on them many years ago. now they are seeing the light of day as a product. emily: there is a quantity versus quality question here. bernie: the truth of the matter is, i would debate whether or not it is an issue of quality. if you look at the patents we have, many of them tend to be foundational. these are at the leading edge of an emerging technology. when a patent is issued in 2015, it may have been filed in 2011, 2012, and it may have been worked on five years p