bianca rosa vilchez, univisiÓn. patricia: los desafÍos no son para los comerciantes.e los centros de control y prevenciÓn de enfermedades, pero se temen que los contagios sean muchos mÁs porque la mayorÍa de los informes de casos del covid-19 no indican si la persona trabaja en el sector de la salud. mÁs de la mitad de los 9000 infectados se contagiaron en el trabajo y 90% de las personas no fueron hospitalizadas. enrique: hoy comenzaron a distribuirse en el paÍs las pruebas de coronavirus realizadas con muestras de saliva. estas pruebas fueron diseÑadas por el instituto de genÉtica humana en new jersey. el mÉtodo ofrece resultados mÁs rápidos y la posibilidad de administrarse por el mismo paciente, en algunos casos desde su casa. patricia: y el servicio de inmigraciÓn afirma haber liberado a cientos de detenidos bajo su custodia para evitar la propagaciÓn del coronavirus en algunos centros. abogados y activistas afirman que han recibido denuncias sobre centros que no cuentan con materiales para proteger a los detenidos aumentando el riesgo de contagios masivos . dulc

so far frank and bianca say they have been able to meet every request that's come their way and they tracked them from the point at which they come in at the beginning. all the way to the point of fulfillment. allen? >> fanicmmitme. li at kpix.com/hero. ard >>> new 6:00 a biotech company and a top university both say they are on track to release a covid-19 vaccine by fall. >>> plus the drug developed by a bay area company saved the grammy nominated drummer of death angel and now it could be the first treatment to be approved for wider use. >> normal college life is not happening here, and some students are demanding their money back. we'll have that story coming. >>> i'm john ford with >>> cleanliness is critical when it comes to mass transit, high-tech sprayers can make sure every sprayer gets sanitized, we take a look at how they do the job of disinfecting. >> reporter: it may look like something out of star wars but it's actually the latest tool to help fight the coronavirus. this is not your normal battery- operated sprayer it's a scientific instrument that applies an electrostat

first, let's go to cnn's bianca nobilo in london. bian bianca, tell us what you're learning about boris johnson. >> reporter: jake, it's a rapidly developing situation. the last statement that we had from downing street was that the prime minister was taken to the intensive care unit at 7:00 p.m. local time. so now that's about two hours ago. at that point, the statement said that he was conscious and was being moved to the unit in case he needed the support of a ventilator. at that time it didn't sound like the kind of urgent care that he required. but jake, let's look at the timeline of this and what's happened over an incredibly short period. last night, 8:00 p.m. in the united kingdom, about 24 hours ago, the prime minister was admitted to st. thomas' hospital. the statement read that it was as a precaution after having persistent symptoms for ten days, those symptoms were a fever and a cough. then we learned this morning, we were given more information about the prime minister and the government, that he was in good spirits and

cnn's bianca nobilo joins me from london. bianca, how is prime minister johnson doing?, we've been told that he's stable. at the moment he's not requiring ventilation but remains in the intensive care unit which means doctors thinks he requires that one on one observation and care. it is encouraging that his condition hasn't deteriorated further after that rapid 24-hour decline that we spoke about yesterday. the foreign secretary, dominic raab, is at the helm. there are questions over whether he really does have authority. he keeps repeating he's carrying out the prime minister's instructions and following up on boris johnson's strategy. all of this is happening in a context where the nation is shocked that the prime minister himself is suffering so badly from covid-19. the prime minister might be the country's most prominent patient, but there are over 55,000 people in the united kingdom who have tested positive for this and britain has also seen its deadliest day with 786 deaths recorded, jake. >> that's brutal. bianca nobilo, thank you so much. >>> after two months o

let's talk about that story with cnn's bianca nobilo who joins me now from the uk.discrepancy in numbers, there's also a concern in the uk about shortages of ppe, personal protective equipment. >> reporter: yes, we've had enough jump in death statistics today in the united kingdom, and that's just the official death toll, around 850 people, that's up from around 400 and 500 the two days prior. now, the tragedy of that becomes even more difficult to bear when we consider that new data from the office of national statistics. now, the difference in the data is the office of national statistics is incorporating care home deaths and deaths in the community. and when you factor that in, it looks like the death toll in britain could actually be around 41% higher than what we've been told by the government. this had long been a concern, because those in care homes are of course the most vulnerable to this, they are the oldest and often have other comorbidities. all of that being said, there still remains a problem with personal protection equipment in the united kingdom. th

we have reporters around the world and we're going to begin with cnn's bianca nobilo in london.a, the uk had its deadliest day yet, 563 deaths due to coronavirus. what's the latest there? >> reporter: you're right, jake, there have now been thousands of deaths in britain. the youngest victim recorded so far is ismael abdul wahab. he died of the virus, and tragically, jake, he died alone without his parents and siblings. the british health service trying to clarify that children could have parents in the room with them, at least one. there had been some discussion about who could be allowed in the room with patients who are dying. there is an urgency in the and you kingdom, a steep rise in deaths from 381 yesterday. and the uk is now tracking italy. in the early days italy saw a steep rise in cumulative deaths but now the united kingdom has had a rise and it's tracking italy, almost the lines converging, if you like, jake. there is also confusion as to what the government's reassuring us about and the reality of the ground. i've been speaking to doctors and nurses. they don't hav

igualmente para ti, gracias por hacer caso a las invitaciones que hacemos para que envÍen sus fotografías, biancaes respiratorias. visite cdc.gov/covid19. gentileza de la national association of broadcasters y de esta estación. ramÓn: le recuerdo que ya estÁ en marcha el censo 2020 y por el momento no habrÁ encuestadores que lleguen tocando a su puerta, no se deje engaÑar, el censo 2020 no hace preguntas sobre el estatus migratorio de ningÚn integrante de su familia, su respuesta tendrÁ un impacto fundamental en el dinero que reciba su comunidad, de ahÍ la importancia de participar en el todos ayudamos quedándonos en casa. pero eso puede subir las facturas de electricidad. puedes ahorrar si ajustas el termostato a 68 grados o menos... desconectas o apagas lo que no uses... o dejas que el sol entre en tu casa. mantente sano y sigamos brillando. presentadora: ¿como les va? aquÍ tenemos todo lo de los deportes, la crisis en el barcelona aumenta por la renuncia de seis personas de la directiva. tus jugadores favoritos de la liga mx saltan a los juegos por internet. tigres se enfrentarÁ al atlÉtico de

bianca nobilo, thank you for that update. check back as you learn more information about again the girlfriend of the prime minister of the uk now experiencing some symptoms herself. you may have seen this photo, an exhausted nurse in northern italy asleep at her keyboard after an endless shift. it's a picture where the saying really could be any hospital and just about any country right now. a symbol of what so many of our health care workers are going through. but it's not just that picture we want to share but the words of the nurse who got sick herself and then recovered from coronavirus. tonight after 23 days, i can finally return to the trenches, she writes. i can finally scream, i am healed! i have been called a hero, but the real heroes here are something else. the real heroes are all the patients who have made it and who will make it. in a rare moment of positive news, the country reported today that the number of patients in the icu had actually decreased for the first time. in all, more than 15,000 have died from th

all right bianca thank you so much in london. >>> still ahead -- the kansas supreme court sides withhe governor restricting religious gatherings to just ten people. why are churches still open? we're live in kansas city, next. or make me feel like i'm not really "there." talk to your doctor, and call 844-234-2424. 450-degree oven, to box, to you, know that from our it's our policy that your pizza is never touched once it comes out of the oven. and we're taking extra steps, like no contact delivery, to ensure it. and you may remember us from your very first sandwich,esh, your move-in-day feast, your bold canine caper, your dinner in the dark, your mammoth masterpiece, (whispering) your 3:47am snack, and whatever happened here. oscar mayer is found in more fridges than anyone else, because it's the taste you count on. make every sandwich count. unlike ordinary wmemory supplementsr? neuriva has clinically proven ingredients that fuel 5 indicators of brain performance. memory, focus, accuracy, learning, and concentration. try neuriva for 30 days and see the difference. thats where i feel

cnn's bianca nobilo is in london. give us the latest. >> reporter: we learned this evening boris johnson's fiance has been in bed for a week with coronavirus symptoms and said she did not need to be tested. she is on the mend and feeling stronger. adding to the anxiety here is of course the fact she is pregnant, expecting their baby in early summer. that was announced five weeks ago when boris johnson and she also announced they are getting married. after boris johnson tested positive for coronavirus announced eight days ago, she moved out of 10 downing street where they were living together to another location in london. she has not been dealing with the symptoms and anxiety associated with the prime minister. she's been apart from him. boris johnson is still self-isolating because after seven days of having coronavirus symptoms he still maintained a temperature, so listening to medical advice he has to continue self-isolating until the temperature subsides. this all goes to underscore what we all know well at this p

cnn's bianca nobilo is in london. what more do we know? >> fred, we've been finding out about this over the last hour. she announced on her twitter account she had been experiencing symptoms that are associated with coronavirus for a week and that she'd been in bed, but as you mentioned, she said she's feeling stronger and she's on the mend. obviously, this was worrying for her and for many women across the country because she's pregnant. she announced five weeks ago she was expecting a baby with the prime minister, that they would be getting married. we understand her baby is due in the early summer. she said that being pregnant with covid-19 is obviously worrying. to other pregnant women she, referred them to a government site. this underscores what the prime minister and others were saying, that no one is immune to this. it must have been worrying after the prime minister himself was tested positive for coronavirus, not yesterday but the friday before. he is remaining in self-isolation because he still has a temperature and that's the g

bianca nobilo is in london. what is this that max johnson is saying?> the prime minister's younger half-brother has been critical of the treatment the prime minister received prior to going to hospital. he's relieved he's now out of intensive care. deeply grateful to the national health service here. asking a lot of questions about why it was the prime minister was able to get to that point. he said he should have stopped working much earlier. he tested positive so there was no doubt what he was deal with. the word shambles comes to mind. the office of the prime minister needs better protection. in response to that, downing street said the prime minister's health is a private matter and it was inaccurate to say he hadn't received examinations. but the prime minister's half-brother max said the health of the prime minister is not a private matter. it's integral, essential to the health of the country. now that boris johnson is at the helm. but even though boris johnson is no longer in charge, it's now gone to the de facto deputy prime minister dominic r

bianca nobilo is there. what is driving this jump? >> reporter: well, kate, today was the first day that deaths in the community and in care homes were included. now we all know that some of the people that are most vulnerable to this virus are the elderly and those with other comorbidity so for a long time us in the united kingdom knew the death toll was underreporting what the true total would be here and now the u.k. has the third highest virus related death toll and the second highest in europe and one of the ministers said today in britain it could well be the case that britain ends up with the highest death toll in europe. now dominic robb, the first secretary of state was standing in for the prime minister today who was absent this time not for a serious life-threatening reason as he was for coronavirus but because he has had a baby boy with his partner carry symonds and this is what he said about the increased toll. >> from today we're moving to an improved daily reporting system tor deaths so deaths in all settings are includ

cnn's bianca noboknow bel nobil. >> reporter: jake, the prime minister was less specific on what theg to do next. there is an end in sight. the way that boris johnson described it was as if the coronavirus was an invisible mugger and britain had wrestled it to the floor. it was, he said, the moment of maximum risk but also maximum opportunity to finally get the advantage over the virus. so whatever happens, it's going to be a phased return to normal life. now, there's definitely a sent of relief in the country and definitely within the prime minister's party at having him back. his natural optimism and his "keep calm and carry on" attitude is good for them. but it's going to be difficult for boris now that he's back, and that's because the prime minister is facing really tough questions, jake. why was he not present at key meetings with his top advisers in the lead-up, that critical period before the peak of the pandemic? and why is britain on track to have one of the worst death tolls, not just in europe but in the world, jake? >> bianca nobilo, thank you so much, stay safe. >>> new

bianca, thank you very much for that report. we'll stay in close touch with you. >>> and on this easter sunday, the holiest day of the christian year, pope francis offered easter mass inside a nearly deserted st. peter's basilica. worshippers were unable to attend in person amid the pandemic. social distancing didn't, though, prevent the pope from streaming the service around the world. as part of the ceremony, he gave the traditional easter blessing to the city of rome and to the world. and while all of italy remains under lockdown for easter, the legendary tenor, andrea bocelli, offered the gift of song by performing in milan's deserted ke duomo cathedral. he described the performance as not a concert but a prayer. listen. ♪ ♪ ♪ ave maria ♪ ®. we've got the retinol that gives you results in one week. not just any retinol. accelerated retinol sa. for not only smoother skin in one day, but younger-looking skin in just one week. and that's clinically proven. results that fast or your money back. unless you're attached to your wri

bianca, we're going to check back with you at the top of the next hour.or that report, we appreciate it. >>> the acting navy secretary slamming the ousted captain as stupid in comments today to sailors. cnn has obtained the tape and you'll hear it next. >>> plus, what's the secretary saying about it? that's next. you don't need to go anywhere dad, this is your home. the best home to be in is your own. home instead offers personalized in-home services for your loved ones. home instead senior care. to us, it's personal. home instead senior care. sleep this amazing? that's a zzzquil pure zzzs sleep. our gummies contain a unique botanical blend, while an optimal melatonin level means no next-day grogginess. zzzquil pure zzzs. naturally superior sleep. working day in, day out.e. at&t is here. providing support with advanced services for first responders. and connected temporary hospitals, mobile testing sites and emergency management centers. because until their job is done, it is essential that we all have their backs. it's what we've always done. it's what w

and bianca, we are going to check back with you top of next hour. acting navy secretary slamming as stupid today to sailors. cnn has obtained the tape and you will hear it next. plus, what's the secretary saying about it? that's next. h-i-v, keep being you. and ask your doctor about biktarvy. biktarvy is a complete, one-pill, once-a-day treatment used for h-i-v in certain adults. it's not a cure, but with one small pill, biktarvy fights h-i-v to help you get to and stay undetectable. that's when the amount of virus is so low it cannot be measured by a lab test. research shows people who take h-i-v treatment every day and get to and stay undetectable can no longer transmit h-i-v through sex. serious side effects can occur, including kidney problems and kidney failure. rare, life-threatening side effects include a buildup of lactic acid and liver problems. do not take biktarvy if you take dofetilide or rifampin. tell your doctor about all the medicines and supplements you take, if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, or if you have kidney or liver probl

bianca, thank you so much. clarissa ward is outside the hospital where the prime minister is being clarissa, what are you learning? >> reporter: jake, i've been standing here for the better part of the day reporting lines given to us by 10 downing street who have been saying the prime minister was in good spirits, that this was a precautionary measure, that he was just going in to get some tests because he had had these persistent symptoms that have lasted ten days. you yourself remembered that just on friday boris johnson was saying, oh, it's still mild symptoms, but i can't seem to shake this fever. what a difference a few hours make, jake. now he is in the intensive care unit. there's no indication that, from what i'm hearing, that he has been intubated, which is to say he has been essentially put on a ventilator. but certainly [ inaudible ] business for him to have been admitted to the icu at all. i just want to give you a little bit of a picture here in the uk of how most of these emergency rooms are opera

cnn's bianca nobler explains. >> reporter: british prime minister boris johnson will be returning totreet on monday. this is almost an almost month-long battle with coronavirus. the prime minister tested positive about a month ago. then kept working from downing street and was admitted into hospital when his condition worsened and finally into the intensive care unit where he said later it could have gone either way for him. he's since been con va lessoning at chequers but it's highly unlikely the prime minister will come out of this near death experience at one point unchanged. there's been a vacuum of leadership at the heart of the british government as the foreign secretary and first secretary of state dominic raab has been a man to step into boris johnson's shoes. he's said all along he was implementing what the prime minister had said he wanted. and the cabinet were taking decisions collectively. now with britain reaching the wrenching milestone of over 20,000 deaths confirmed in hospital and potentially on track to have one of the highest death tolls in the world when you take

romelu garcia and tuesday morning 2 more members of the idols team were taken away only and their bianca has been released. this was the lead up to a summons by prosecutors against y. the law on suspicion of participating in an alleged coup attempt. prosecutor general tadic saab says why they all had been summoned to appear on thursday with guarding the seizure of a weapons cache in neighboring colombia that was supposedly to be smuggled into venezuela to overthrow the government. lied all refused to appear at the summons and tweeted that he will remain firm despite what he calls the cowardly kidnapping of his close associates the increased pressure on the opposition comes just 2 week after the u.s. justice department indicted president nicolas maduro for alleged drug trafficking. and now the white house has ordered enhanced counter-narcotics operations in the caribbean just off the coast of venezuela to conduct these enhanced operations the president has directed the deployment of additional ships aircraft and security forces to the united states southern command area of responsibility

so adorable, bianca bryant crashed big sister natalia's tiktok dance video. got the moves there too. >>> john krazinski's good news report had a special weatherman. brad pitt stuck his head out the window and said, it looks pretty good. >> prince harry certainty texts to meghan's dad thomas the day before the wedding urging him not to speak to the press. we begin with harry and meghan

. >> hi, i'm bianca in london. she announced she'd been suffering from symptoms the past week.aid she didn't need to be tested. adding to anxiety is they're expecting a baby early summer. this news hit as 708 people reported to have died from the virus in the last 24 hours. the secretary and mayor of london have all said they must stay inside. they suggest not enough people in the country are abiding by the social distancing rules. >> the u.s. today, by the way, marked a record for the most coronavirus deaths in the united states in a single day. 1,224. and the president says the worst is yet to come. we're standing by live at the white house, stay with us. you're in the situation room. at papa john's, we want you to know that from our 450-degree oven, to box, to you, it's our policy that your pizza is never touched once it comes out of the oven. and we're taking extra steps, like no contact delivery, to ensure it. straight from the world's best plant scientists, comes miracle-gro performance organics. it's miracle-gro's biggest thing. ♪ ♪ organic plant food and soil that final

bianca, his government is under fire for not responding to the crisis quickly enough.if his approach will change when he comes back? >> the prime minister said in a statement that it could have gone either way for him. meaning when he was in the intensive care unit, he might have lived or died. so he will not be a man unchanged by what he had just gone through. it is just about a month since he first tested positive. it has been a tumultuous time for him and for the country. britain looks on track to have one of the worst mortality rates and death tolls in the world. so many questions to be answered. the government of the united kingdom has been accused of miscommunicating. and even while people being told to stay at home and only essential workers can go out. it will be helpful for the prime minister to return because without doubt there has been a vacuum of leadership. now the man who stepped into boris johnson's shoes when he needed to step down and recover from coronavirus, but he still wasn't acting as prime minister. he was delivering on what boris johnson asked

cnn's bianca nobilo is following the latest from london. what is the latest on the prime minister's condition? >> reporter: we got told a few hours ago, kate, that the prime minister remains stable. we understand thatez requires oxygen support but not any kind of mechanical ventilation. so that is encouraging news begin how quickly he deteriorated over from sunday night to last night. now the next question is how long is he going to be in there? obviously the fact that he remains in the intensive care unit shows that he still requires a lot of support, that kind of one-on-one care. and there is plenty of reasons why someone might be in intensive care other than needing a ventilator. we're told he remains in good spirits. so the man leading the country is the foreign secretary dominic raab. there is quite a bit of confusion as to the extent to which he's really in charge. he said he's fulfilling the strategy and the instructions of the prime minister. also, the former prms'ster he isu may and david cameron, the immediate predecessors of bori

obey the mafia for 30 years you begin to worship it and believe it has power over you a lot do you bianca quit date found out that there are. over the forward the. 600 hours g.m.t. here on al-jazeera i'm kemel santa maria with the headlines and u.s. president on trump says the military will be deployed across the country to help contain the corona virus outbreak and he's warned there will be a lot of deaths that's a quote in the next 2 weeks with 300000 people are known to be infected in the u.s. we're going to be adding a tremendous amount of military to help supplement the state's thousands of soldiers souses thousands of medical workers professionals nurses doctors. and it will be a large number it will be will be telling them over the next very short period where they're going and they're going into war they're going into a battle the united nations is also raising concerns about latin america becoming another covert $900.00 spots the u.s. economic on for the region says the effects of the pandemic will likely push millions more into poverty coverage $98.00 was slow to hit the area bu

. >> reporter: bianca nobilo outside london.r was admitted to hospital into the intensive care unit and is now recuperating at the prime minister's estate. with raab deputizing for the prime minister, boris johnson out of action and the chief medical officer in the country saying britain looks like it is at the peak, but not past the peak, the expectation and the word for ministers is that britain will remain in lockdown for the near future. >> reporter: i'm scott mclean in madrid where the spanish government says an increase in testing is responsible for a new spike in reported cases after a week of lower numbers. and a new study suggests that nearly 1 in 3 of spain's nurses, about 70,000 of them, may have contracted the virus. the study, which is from the spanish college of nursing, suggests that nurses think that a lack of personal protective equipment is partially to blame. according to the official data, nearly 28,000 healthcare workers across spain have contracted the virus. >> reporter: i'm matthew chance, with news that

bianca >> caller: hi, jim stock has plummeted shortly after ipo. >> yes. >> caller: even after havingear over year gross margin growth with unemployment rates climbing and people looking for alternative sources of income, do you think it's a good long-term buy? >> that is an interesting idea, you know what? i am glad you brought that to my attention. let me do some work on that. that's one that is new, and i don't know -- i want to give you more considerate answer. richie in pennsylvania, richie >> caller: jim, how are you doing, sir >> good. how are you? >> caller: i'm good. trying to stay away from the covid. >> smart >> caller: my question is about switch, swch with the things going on in the data center. >> look, i think data center and anything connected with it is fine digital realty digital realty has a little more going for it you want to go with switch, i'm going to bless it. why? the data center is hotter than it's ever been because of the amazing amount of traffic that people who work at home are generating let's go to lisa in virginia lisa >> hi, cramer. thank you for ever

. >> all right, bianca nobilo, thank you so much in london. >>> coming up, the world health organization says that coronavirus is advancing around the globe. >> we think it's going to be a virus that stalks the human race for quite a long time to come. >>> plus, she called conditions at a new york hospital apocalyptic last month, so has dr. ashley bray seen any improvements? i'll talk to her live. my age-related macular degeneration could lead to vision loss. so today i made a plan with my doctor, which includes preservision... because he said a multi- vitamin alone may not be enough. and it's my vision, my morning walk, my sunday drive, my grandson's beautiful face. only preservision areds2 contains the exact nutrient formula recommended by the national eye institute to help reduce the risk of moderate to advanced amd progression. it's how i see my life. because it's my vision... preservision. robinwithout the commission fees. so, you can start investing today wherever you are - even hanging with your dog. so, what are you waiting for? download now and get your first stock on us. robinh

. >> bianca nobilo, thank you so much. >>> in china the country is restricting publications on the origins, whi course originated in wuhan, china. the government is saying it needs to approve any coronavirus-related research before publication? >> reporter: that's right. and we learned about this from the web pages of several chinese universities. after we inquired about these apparent new restrictions, those universities withdrew the weapon pages. but what they had shown was there were these new regulations. anyone wanting to public information about the origin of the virus, they had to get permission first and they would have to apply to a state committee to try to do that. we've trying to reach out to a number of different chinese ministries to get an explanation for why this is happening and haven't heard back yet. a number of doctors and researchers that we've talked to about this, independent researchers, have been disappointed, at the very least, have said this smacks of censorship and could create obstacles to sharing valuable data and research with the rest of the world, while al

. - [grunts] - bianca. i came as soon as you called.

that's a really interesting and good point that bianca just brought up because by the 1950's and 1960's, and we'll get there in a second, this legal distinction becomes incredibly amorph cities. by the time we get to the 1950's and 1960's, we have an abuse of this trust that professional a.m.e. members have kind of given individual physicians that leads to that decision being removed from the individual physician and placed in the hands of a committee. so it's no longer your individual physician who says, yep, i think that this is necessary, it's now 3-5 physicians you've never met to determine whether or not they think you should have an abortion or not. we'll get there in a little bit, though. what's interesting, also, is that for some women it creates a space for negotiation, right? if i want this physician to continue working for me and my family, you'll find a reason to justify this abortion, right? s. it's legally amorhi -- amorphsis. eventually it goes out of the physician's hands. as professional medicine officially circumscribes what constitutes a legal abortion, in the 1930'

right now and that is certainly the case at riverside county, california that county sheriff, chad biancah us right now with cover your face or face a fine. that's essentially it, right, sheriff? >> that is where we're at right now. neil: so how do you enforce that , sheriff? if you see someone going around without a mask what do you do? >> well interestingly enough, the order was obviously given by our county health doctor, and through the executive office and it applies to everyone in the county, but we in law enforcement, especially in this county, riverside county law enforcement even our surrounding counties are taking the same approach where we're trying to get voluntary compliance. the same as the picture with the bus driver i can imagine you'd want me back on the show if one o of my deputies was still fighting with someone and arresting someone simply because they didn't have a mask, so in riverside county, my deputies are not actively going out and searching for these people, not wearing masks or coming outside their home. we're taking more of the voluntary compliance approach. w