this is one of many things that bill galston and i have in common. we think about populism, and some people reject the term. let me take a few moments to talk about what exactly a populist is. why is it that all of these different figures are called populist whether it's the president of turkey, the prime minister of hungary, the prime minister of india, some of the political figures influential in western europe like marine le pen, even some people you might think of closer to the united states. [laughter] why do we call them populists? well, they don't have a lot of things in common at first sight. you may have mentioned -- you may have noticed that the president of the united states doesn't appear to be overly fond of muslims. the president of turkey doesn't appear to be particularly a fan of anybody who isn't a miss muslim. there are some who want to cut down on the welfare estate and slash regulations on businesses, there are others who are left-leaning and say, no, we need to control business and expand. so they don't have that in common. what