bill gruber is pfizer's head of vaccine development. vaccines typically take years to develop. i mean, five, ten, years. how was it possible that this one was developed so fast? >> this was really born of a great deal of cooperation between academics, industry, and government to essentially recognize this at the highest priority. one key element is that as opposed to work typically being done in sequence, a great deal of work has been done in parallel. >> the vaccines hold the from promise that this time next year, good news will be a lot easier to find. at least that is what my dad thinks. >> do you have broader thoughts about the year 2020? >> i will be . >>> the holiday season is seeing a rebirth in pairs. the first time sinces the notre dame cathedral was nearly destroyed by fire, a christmas choir wearing hard hats filled the church with song. the 850-year-old cathedral is slowly being rebuilt with the help of donations from america. >> through the gaping hole in the heart of pairs coris comes sounds of christmas. ♪ >> and a symbol of resilience and hope. this is the first

bill gruber. , in your study, can you describe for us how the nonsolicited adverse experiences that were collected up until one month after dose two were collected? in other words, was there active surveillance for those events as well? and then for your plans for under an eua, if a subject is unblinded and vaccinated could you reiterate for us what safety surveillance you will be conducting in that situation? >> yeah. thanks, paula. i may call upon nick to help with some of the details. he's the clinical lead for the program. the information was solicited and collected for the first seven days and investigators were encouraged to essentially collect adverse events for the first month after administration. and then, i'm sorry, the second question was what again? >> what are the plans for safety collection for the subjects who may opt to be unblinded and vaccinated after the eua is issued? >> right. i'm going to defer to dr. kitchen who has helped put together our latest amendment that deals with th

bill gruber is pfizer's head of vaccine development. >> vaccines typically take years to develop.. how was it possible that this one was developed so fast? >> this was really borne of a great deal of cooperation between academics, industry, and government, to essentially recognize this has the highest priority. one key element is that as opposed to work typically being done in sequence, a great deal of work has been done in parallels. >> reporter: the vaccines hold a promise that this time next year good news will be a lot easier to find, as least at leat that's what my dad thinks. do you have any broader thoughts about the year 2020? >> i'll be glad when 2020 is gone. this was a bad year. but next year is going to be better, much better. ♪ ♪ digital transformation has failed to take off. because it hasn't removed the endless mundane work we all hate. ♪ ♪ automation can solve that by taking on repetitive tasks for us. unleash your potential. uipath. reboot work. that came from me. really. my first idea was "in one quarter of an hour, your savings will tower... over you. figurative

bill gruber. in your study, can you describe for us how the non-solicited adverse experiences collected up until one month after dose to were collected? surveillanceive for those events as well? if a subject is unblinded and vaccinated, could you reiterate what safety surveillance you will be conducting in that situation? >> thanks, i may call upon nick to help with some of the details. solicited andas collected for seven days. encouraged towere collect adverse events. the second question was what again? the plans for safety collection for subjects who might be unblinded? >> i am going to defer the latest amendment dealing with the placebo recipients. dr. kitchen. >> can you hear me ok? >> yes. >> with respect to solicitation of adverse events. the types of events you are asking about in subjects that were not in the subset, they were elicited the same way. they were not specific leading of events to elicit specifically all those events. that is why you would typically expect to see them at a lowe

in addition i wanted to let everybody know that bill gruber is not related to marion gruber. bill? >> that's correct. not to my knowledge. >> if i understood your -- or heard you correctly, because there was a little bit of a delay, you were asking about our plan how to monitor asymptomatic infection. >> correct. >> indeed our protocol or our trial was actually designed not just to look for symptomatic covid-19 but also to monitor and explore whether our vaccine is efficacious against asymptomatic infection. and we are monitoring individuals and screening them with a serological test that measures exposure to sars-cov-2. it's an n-protein test. and we hope that we will have those analysis completed very soon in the new year. >> and you are also looking then at protections? >> that is correct. in our study with collecting serological samples throughout the study up to study conclusion which is 24 months duration, we have the opportunity to look for protection provided that we see enough breakthrough cases -- that's right. so, of course, with the vaccine that is highly efficacious. a