biosphere foundation was founded inside biosphere 2 with the idea--if our coral is healthy, our biosphere is althy, welell, let's go tatake a look at the health of our corals in biosphere 1. a ship is the best analogogy foa biosphere because you have a crew, you have so many people that are on the ship. you have "x" amount of water, you only have so much food that you take with you, and you have to survive. becausese you're not living by yourself, you're living with 10 other people day in, day out, 24/7, you know? alling: wewe have indonesisianse have singapore people, we have europeans, we have americans, plus all the local people from bali we work with. van thillo: we have whale recording system, all our dive setups to dive on coral reefs. studio of the sea is on mir, which is a traveling video studud that makekes educational film. and we can sail everywhere, so it's a perfect platform to study the ocean. dustan: corals, what we think of as stony corals that build reefs, are actually a symbiosis of the animal and a microalgae that lives in its tissues. the animal captures food from the

the 723,000 hectare calakmul biosphere reserve is part of it. and in the middle of the reserve is the mayan archaeological site of the same name, one of the largest sites in mexico. but the rainforest is critically threatened. jose: we've had to cope with less and less rainfall for a while now. and that means there's too little water in the watering holes, so the animals have less to drink. the drought began back in 2015. 2016 and 2017 were the driest years ever recorded, and records go back 50 years. reporter: this watering hole in the middle of the calakmul biosphere reserve still provides the vital resource. researcher rafael reina has set up motion-triggered cameras at ten sites like this. he wants to know exactly which animals -- whether bird species, tapirs, or jaguars -- come to drink, and how often, and how their numbers change from year to year. there are only 450 jaguars left here. rafael: many endangered species depend on these watering holes, which are e impermanent and unpredictable. some years they're full, in others they dry up. e

a lot of mala and mexico the seven hundred twenty three thousand hectare biosphere reserve is part ofit. and in the middle of the reserve is the mayan archaeological site of the same name one of the largest sites in mexico. but the rain forest is critically threatened. we've had to cope with less and less rainfall for a while now. and that means there's too little water in the watering holes so the you know the malls have less to drink if. the drought began back in twenty fifteen. twenty sixteen and twenty seventeen were the driest years ever recorded and records go back fifty years. this watering hole in the middle of the collage biosphere reserve still provides the vital resource. researcher raphael raina has set up motion triggered cameras at ten sites like this. he wants to know exactly which animals whether bird species tap ears or jaguars come to drink and how often and how their numbers change from year to year. there are only four hundred fifty jaguars left here. they've been the just species because so many endangered species depend on these watering holes which are impermane

all those giant jellyfish know these balloon like biosphere is a part of the worlds. first underwater a greenhouse project ten meters below the sea the ninos garden research project looks into forms of sustainable sub aquatic agriculture what's cultivated here usually only grows on land. diver jenny from tony's you greg eulalie tends to the forty different plants cultivated here it looks to me. a brilliant at the same time it's really hard to describe but by now working every day i see the project like drawing every day and i'm so proud of the outcome so far technically. this system is not the plague of all just in the sea but imagine our many early solar on the war can really benefit this ystem six years ago divers installed the first underwater greenhouses at this depth the sunlight is still sufficient for photosynthesis and of course no insecticides needed in the surrounding sea water is treated and then used to water the plants the project is currently experimenting with various kinds of fruits and vegetables this is a water tank a lot of water over here either in

this watering hole in the middle of the collage biosphere reserve still provides the vital resource. researcher raphael rina has set up motion triggered cameras at ten sites like this. also if there is a hose in the camera. he wants to know exactly which animals whether bird species tap ears or jaguars come to drink and how often and how their numbers change from year to year. what can you do. if you are one of the. there are only four hundred fifty jaguars left here they've been the species many endangered species depend on these watering holes which are impermanence and unpredictable. you know somebody that's him some years their fault and others they dry up. every time we investigate it's clear how important they are for wild threatened animals because they are pretty. reyna has the support of the g i c a german development agency. g i c provides cross border financing of various hmong term studies and coordinates projects and guatemala belize and mexico but. data has to be made more freely available including across borders and that's where we have a lot of potential to effect ch

the ring page with the save the general circulation of the head because the map of the different biospheres and all the technology that is powered by solar energy solar panels up here and there when we'll we're trying to be completely green. this tree of life of the cables that connect everything to the outside world. to to gardeners normally make diving gear and they're now using some of the same technology in their underwater lab to harvest time is set for september . this is the moves radio say. and not just the lattice the basil in the next biased fear over is also ready for picking their way to unique for writing. we actually got to just basal in a very specific base all that was grown in a very specific and new system that we were trying out which is the technology to condense faster or saltwater into freshwater. jenny front uneasy used to turn these leaves into pesto now scientists from the university of pisa examine the underwater plant. it's hard to say the case is different or not of course the smells is super good but the real difference is inside of the plants because of that th

are those giant jellyfish no these balloon like biosphere is a part of the world's first underwater greenhouse project ten meters below the sea the ninos garden research project looks into forms of sustainable sub aquatic agriculture what's cultivated here usually only grows on land. diver journey from tony's you greg eulalie tends to the forty different plants cultivated here it looks to me. and brilliant that the same time it's really hard to describe but by now working every day is a project like drawing every day and i'm so proud of the outcome so far technically . this system is not the police of all just in the sea but imagine our many early solar on the war can really benefit this system six years ago divers installed the first underwater greenhouses at this depth the sunlight is still sufficient for purchase synthesis and of course no insecticides are needed the surrounding sea water is treated and then used to water the plants the project is currently experimenting with various kinds of fruits and vegetables this is a wonderland. of the water over here either inside here. and he says

the outer surface of the human body is a biosphere in its own right around one hundred billion bacteria viruses and mites live on each and every one of us together with microbes that work and find us they make up the micro biome. a baby's first exposure to microbes occurs during birth when it comes into contact with his mother's vashon or flora that's why an individual's microbiome is similar to that of other family members. but similar does not mean identical. microbiomes are unique just like fingerprints. and throughout our lives the microbiome constantly interacts with the environment we pass our microbes along to people and animals and receive parents in return for healthy microbiome researchers believe it's because it's diverse. cloudier title hoffman is now trying to determine who can handle exact microbial makeup. easy task because there is no way to distinguish between species under a microscope. all. each bacteria virus or fungus has to be identified genetically through d.n.a. testing. it's a laborious. process. you know you know the gene data looks confusing if you don't know

three page with the same the general situation of the head because the map of the different biospheres and all the technology that is powered by solar energy solar panels up here and there when we'll we're trying to be completely green. this tree of life of the cables that connect everything to the outside world. to two gardeners normally make diving gear and they're now using some of the same technology in their underwater land to harvest time is set for september. this is almost ready to roll say. and not just the letters to basil in the next pious fear over is also ready for picking their way to unique for writing. we actually got to just brazil in a very specific because all that was grown in a very specific and new system that we were trying out which is a technology to condense faster or saltwater into freshwater. journey front and easy used to turn these leaves into pesto now scientists from the university of pisa examine the underwater plants it's hard to say that pace is the friend or not of course this mouse is super good but the real difference is inside of the plants becaus

would follow all the other countries should be striving for a better world really the future of the biosphere him yesterday mr ali nicholas true it was only bullish if you merely would feel it. while most in the kremlin look for a change surprisingly so too did some in the secretive world of russian intelligence were just your mic at the. the systems we were developing they were cutting edge science. and they acquired lots of information about our planet the ocean geological conditions arid areas and circum to restoral space where the. number were so we found it very easy to adapt to the new system that is differential systems. and use military technology to solve completely peaceful issues. he said he says in the movie near the news of that. three months after moving into the white house in april nine hundred ninety three continent go met their counterparts from the kremlin. vice president gore and prime minister. took on a mammoth range of topics to help russia survive the up people's including its polluted environment. yeah when they got us we'd all go out i often saw gore in the church of

it's actually very hopeful beacon in the biosphere that is changing rapidly.so that's the end of my reading. [applause] >> if you have questions you should come appear to this microphone. -- up here. yes. >> thank you. so how much time do we have left before the termites take over? >> well, you mean a washington d.c. specifically? they are moving northward in the u.s. and this wonderful stuff, actually it's horrible stuff but amazing stuff is happening in florida where two distinct forms of invasive termites have begun to form super termites and super colonies that are extra hard to kill an extra fast-growing. but termites are also pretty good. i mean, they will help us fight climate change to some degree. scientists in australia found that using termites and set of conventional fertilizer in wheatfields increased the yield by 36%. maybe your next loaf of bread comes from a termite. >> what is the relationship between the termite mound and the fungus? how do they relate? what does the fungus do for the treatment? >> or what do the termites do for the fungus, t

understand what geoengineering is, the intentional disruption of earth's systems, either in the biosphereeans or the atmosphere, in order to, supposedly in this case, mitigate climate to some degree. the real issue here is not about whether it works or whether it does not work or whether we need it. it is actually about what it represents as a social process in the moment we are in and trying to address the root causes of climate change. every single guest you have had on the show so far today who comes from social movements, from eriel, imagen geoengineering at the end of her piece, to others in a part of the action all recognize that this kind of research is a signal to the world that these kinds of techno-fixes are part of how we are going to address climate change. and it does not get at with the root causes are, which are we have to reduce emissions of the source. we need to restore control and democracy and sovereignty of the communities, respect the rights of indigenous peoples and the rights of mother earth. we need to address reparations for the climate check -- damage that has b

from how bleak it is, both in terms of what we're doing to the biosphere, and this concentration of wealth in the hands of the global elite. where it's not -- and it's not just economic ramifications, 70% of this country is living pay check to paycheck. but of course it has political consequences as karl -- writes in the great transformation, which is his book of unnatured, unfettered capitalism. he says you create a mafia economy, but eventually you create a mafia political system, which is of course what the trump white house is. >> i of course am going to get into the guts of the book, but i'm taking the way the world has informed your view of it and the fact that you're a father. and i wonder how you have those two things together that the world is bleak, and let's not do artificial hope so, what is that you offer your children to let them get up in the morning? >> well i have younger children and older children. i'm pret frank with the older children, and the younger children are certainly aware of climate change. but one doesn't pommel a 10-year-old with the details of the melting of