birgit: ok. very good questions. -- i still would like to answer what you said, income drop and speed of recovery. you know, these changes that we expect on the structural side would not, even if they had been implemented yesterday, would not lead to higher growth. it takes quite a while to filter through. this is actually the story of the global recovery that we see, too. the global recovery is still slower than we expected. -- at a pacevery that is much slower. and this is related to that. it is not just for russia that we have these structure constraints that lead to a slowdown in productivity growth. and is a global phenomenon it takes all countries a lot of effort, difficult effort, to andge this path productivity growth. so, i think it is really that if we to expect would even see all kinds of structural constraint to be addressed by specific reforms are measures, to see a quick turnaround. but of course, i agree. if you don't see that happening, then you know you have a problem, two or thr

birgit, thanks for coming back. >> thank you for having me again. yes, why is our report called the long journey to recovery. john already alluded to it, one is related to what happened about a year ago when we presented our report in april 2015 when there was a lot of hope that oil prices would quickly rebound and the contraction would not be as bad as we projected. and that was 3.8% a year ago. unfortunately as you know, things turned quite difficult in august when we saw another oil price shock and quite sizable oil price shock that in the end dashed hopes of early recovery. we had minus 3.7% growth last year. this is a bit about the backward looking part of the report. i will demonstrate how the economy adjusted to the report but also economic sanctions. also forward-looking we really try to see what our new movements in the economy, in the structure of the economy where we could see new opportunities for growth and how could these new opportunities come along. this is also part of the story, looks like this kind of recovery that is based on ren

if you will join me in thanking birgit -- [applause] makingou very much for this stopping your visit to washington. thank you so much. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] center took a look at the types of benefits soldiers received and how the programs differ from those four civilians. that is live at 4 p.m. eastern on c-span. later in the day, look at the history of the federal reserve and what changes are needed at the agency as it continues to manage u.s. monetary policy. that is from the american enterprise institute, live at 5:30 p.m. eastern on c-span. next, we hear about china's nuclear weapons program and differing views between china and the u.s. on nuclear policy. this is one hour, 30 minutes. >> good morning. my name is bill burns. i'm the president of the carnegie endowment for international peace. it really is a pleasure to welcome all of you to what i think [no audio] program today. it is a great pleasure to welco