their lives and sent ire their lives in black harlem, and it was an up likely idea at the time, and to be tried to be taken seriously in harlem as participants and even as voluntary negroes. one of the obstacles was the idea that women were mississippi anne. don't listen to her, she works for miss anne or worked. they say rightful skepticism from the black community, skepticism the black community had to have given the race relations in the country and face violent opposition from the white community that said do this and you may not come back home. do this, and we are done with you. miss anne was just part of the obstacle they faced in making this really unlikely choice. >> in a nutshell, tell us who the women are, briefly. we'll get into the detail, but who are the women? >> i'll keep it very brief. so i focused on six women in this book who are exemplary of the larger group of white women putting harlem at the center of their lives. i focused on six who are exemplary of the strategies white women try to use to be part of the harlem renaissance being hostesses, patrons, activists,

their lives and sent ire their lives in black harlem, and it was an up likely idea at the time, and to be tried to be taken seriously in harlem as participants and even as voluntary negroes. one of the obstacles was the idea that women were mississippi anne. don't listen to her, she works for miss anne or worked. they say rightful skepticism from the black community, skepticism the black community had to have given the race relations in the country and face violent opposition from the white community that said do this and you may not come back home. do this, and we are done with you. miss anne was just part of the obstacle they faced in making this really unlikely choice. >> in a nutshell, tell us who the women are, briefly. we'll get into the detail, but who are the women? >> i'll keep it very brief. so i focused on six women in this book who are exemplary of the larger group of white women putting harlem at the center of their lives. i focused on six who are exemplary of the strategies white women try to use to be part of the harlem renaissance being hostesses, patrons, activists,

of their lives and to center their lives and black harlem which was a very unlikely idea at the time.ng to be taken seriously in harlem as participants and even as voluntary negros, one of the obstacles they face was his idea that white women were miss anne. so they face rifle skepticism from the black community, skepticism of the black community had to have given the long history of race relations in this country, and they faced violent opposition from the white community which said to them to my do this and you cannot come back all. do this and we had done with you . as though miss anne was just part of the obstacles they face in making this really unlikely choice. >> in a nutshell tell us kind of use some of these women are briefly. you will get into more detail about some of them in particular, but what they? >> i will try to keep this brief i focused on six women in this book the are exemplary of the larger group of women who put on them at the center of the airline's. i found about five dozen of them . that focused on 62i felt were exemplary of the strategies that white women tr

he encysted on his black identity, which he could claim because he had the drop. even harlem was all over the place about this status of the one drop rule. some of these women were simply exercising prief leming. we're saying that i can be anything i want. there was one script laid out for them, the post victorian lights as matrons playing with, doing charity work, and so for them saying, no, i'm over here k i'm this other thing, i'm something else was a way to claim freedom in other sphere. it's complicated, i guess, is what i say. i'm sure you have an answer too. >> similar. i mean, it's the same mixed bag in my book in terms of the characters. it's a source of evaluation for me, again, how attuned they are to the kind of white privilege. you have a character like johnny otis, for instance, pioneer, greek born who passed as african-american in various con tensions, wrote a book using the "we" liberally to refer to himself as an activist and so on and so forth who's very attuned to the issues, and the ultimate privilege of saying, hey, i can choose to pass for blacks because

. >> that's troofl he saw so many black people here. harlemcentral of black culture and he knew where he was at. he knew exactly where a lot of the people he wanted to see were. >> thank you very much. and they're here right now. they have marquis there contemplating whether they'll do a service or celebration that is still in the works. no information on that. >> thank you very much. joe johns is monitoring reaction on social media. it is pouring in from around the world. >> so true. it is coming not just from politicians by any stretch of the imagination. we have one statement here from mohamed ali, the great fighter. some called the greatest of all time. he said what i will remember most about mr. mandela is that he was a man whose heart and soul and spirit could not be contained or restrained by racial and economic injustices. metal bars are the burden of hate and revenge. he taught us, forgiveness on a grand scale. and we have a statement here from bono, the musician activist best nobody with u-2. emif he was born to teach the age a lesso

harlem. we had black santa claus. people just need to lighten up. >> i think he has a point. and what i said before is the traditional depiction of santa claus, the popular depiction of santa claus is a white guy. >> and he is fictional. and for all the children who might be watching, it is past your bedtime. you deserve to know that traditionally he is an obese alcoholic elf with questionable labor practices and animal cruelty. >> oh, my gosh. amy. >> this is ridiculous that we are even having this debate. if you live in hawaii, santa claus has a tan. and everyone knows that santa is your parents. whatever race they are is the race that santa is. he is a fictional character we should be able to embra embrace >> at first i thought i can't believe i'm having this conversation. and as i have been doing this story people are saying that, we need to come to a consensus as to what color santa claus is. you may think it is a silly argument. i think that this says a lot about our society and our culture. >> that i'm absolutely in agreement with you on. i mean, white is more than jus

black president of the united states. what do you think he would think of harlem and the united states? think he would think we've come a long way which we have. the fact that we have a black president the united states, who he knew. the fact that harlem is being redeveloped. some for it, some against but progress is sometimes not accepted by everybody. i think nelson mandela would love the fact that we are moving on. we've gotten over the hump. there's a lot of us, we're looking for hope. we've found it. now we're moving on. >> jake tapper who is the anchor of this program said how did he change america? how did he change the world? how did he change america? was i right with that word hope? >> i think it was hope and by example. a lot of people can talk. this man stood for anti-apartheid. he stood in jail. he suffered a lot. you understand? but he did not give up. and he was be going to give in. so if we all had that type of drive and commitment, things would change for all of us. >> thank you very much. i appreciate it. and jake, it was what? about 25 years after the death of dr. mar

investigators, of course, looking at the black boxes, the speed of the train as it went into a tight turn near the harlemnd hudson rivers. those black boxes are expected to also show if there was a mechanical failure of the brakes or if there was human error involved there. again, we're expected to get that news conference around 4:00 eastern today and get more answers. >> today, laura, we're learning more about the four victims of this horrible tragedy. who are they? >> reporter: yeah. the four who lost their lives were coming into new york city for a variety of reasons. some for work, play. one person reportedly coming off of a night shift. we have the four names we want to share with you and some pictures. james lovell, a 58-year-old father and lighting engineer was coming into the city to help light the rockefeller christmas tree this week. donna smith, a 54-year-old paralegal, was going to see a performance with her sister. her sister was also on the train. the two other victims identified, 59-year-old james ferrari and 39-year-old ong kisuk from queens, reportedly coming off a night shift working a

harlem. if you were, what do you remember. >> you bet your life. we had the first blackayor, david jenkins, he made the arrangements to bring nelson to harlem. i'm now on the same street. which we set up with tens of thousands all over the city, came to say that they were near nelson mandela. the whole community has never seen a turn out like that. this was an exciting day and even right now i guess your camera can't reach it. when he came here, he said that we can call it and that's what he's going to do. >> thank you congressman. thank you very much. >> earlier i spoke to reverend jessie jackson and talked about the moment nelson mandela was released from prison. >> when i was in cape town south africa. he was released and i met him at the door and he recognised me and called my name. i was overwhelmed. his campaign, he knew what was going on. he was current, alive and alert. he didn't just read the speech that day, he wrote it. he also was a great debater. his mind was as sharp as much as before. he never lost the sharpliness of his mind. >> reverend jessie jackson. a

harlem. where he saw his people. it was almost like a little reunion. nothing but blackness, he saw his people, felt good, gave some positive messages. he was at riverside church. it was a wonderful time. >> and only fitting that y'all put this marque up tonight in memory of nelson mandela, because when he was here, that marque was such a big part of his visit as well. >> that's true. when he came in 1990, he had just gotten out of prison, and we had up on the marque, welcome home mr. and mrs. nelson mandela. so we were welcoming them home. we have a lot of memories. we have to be mindful of and carry on, and apartheid is gone in this country. he became the president. i mean that's just something in itself. spending all that time in jail, and he would not give up, he would not give in, and he was steadfast. we could all learn something from these examples. >> right. with the apollo theater, thank you so much. really finding out for some people, and just sharing some memories. continue to talk to people and share those stories back to you. >> sot great many stories, thank you

inapartheid came to an end 1994 when black south africans were allowed to vote for the first time in the country's history. the anc won the harlem in three elections and nelson mandela was elected president of south africa. >> i stand before you filled with pride and joy. pride in the people of the country. determination -- enjoy that which you can loudly proclaim from the rooftops -- free at last. >> in june of 1999 after one presidential term, nelson mandela retired from politics but remained committed to promoting peace and justice. he spoke out against the 2003 invasion of iraq and work at -- for aids. on policy he revealed his son had died of the disease. the last three years were marked with hospitalizations as he struggled with respiratory problems. had a lung infection after three months in the hospital. hisied peacefully at johannesburg home thursday. he was 95 years old. >> and ray brown reporting on the life of nelson mandela. earlier i spoke with the contributor to time magazine, who interviewed mandela on a number of occasions. she shared her experiences with us. was a really great interview because at least when he

. >> reporter: the renowned opera star was born in 1937 in harlem to a puerto rican father and black't see them. and i couldn't care less what they looked like. i just liked the sound. making music. >> reporter: in your neighborhood, who was interested in opera? of your friends? >> none. absolutely none. as far as my father was concerned, he was not interested at all in opera because he thought that we were going to wear short dresses and kick up our legs. he'd never seen an opera. >> reporter: education was the central value in the arroyo home. as her parents wished martina received her teaching degree at age 19. >> my mother and father were afraid i wouldn't eat. but of course you can see i ate. teacher, doctor meant security whereas opera singer was like well, who cares? you know? i don't think they were aware of how popular opera is in the rest of the world. but my mother got the bug earlier and lived with me throughout my career. ♪ >> reporter: her proud parents were there to see most of their daughter's remarkable career including 199 performances at that very same metropolitan

it stopped just short of the intersection with the hudson and harlem rivers. the black box has been recovered. the train's engineer who was injured will be questioned by federal authorities today. some reports say the engineer said he applied the brakes as he approached a significant curve up here on the bronx but the brakes did not work. this is the latest in a series of problems for the nation's busiest commuter railroad. this means likely that 2013 will be the deadliest for metro-north since 2007 when seven were reported. it also means the commute for those taking metro-north's hudson line which serves about 19% or 53,000 of its average weekday passengers will be disrupted until the mta can repair the tracks. that won't happen until the ntsb includes i had investigation. the ntsb is expected to hold a press conference and we'll bring the latest to you when we have that information. >> thanks, mary. joe? >> scary. we took the train twice since i've been in to work on thursday to go down to the parade and then we went to a rangers game. then the next morning, shocking.

harlem river. four people were killed. some were thrown from the train. 75 others were hurt and 11 of them critically injured. investigators are poring over the data from the trains blackes to find out why this happened. we have a team of correspondents covering the story starting with jeff pegues at the crash scene. jeff? >> reporter: investigators were able to determine the speed of the train from the black box which is show the throttle was cut and the brakes were applied far too late. by the time the train reached the curve it was traveling nearly three times as fast as it should have been. earl wainer is ans in b board member. >> the preliminary information-- and let me emphasize this is preliminary information-- from the event recorders show that the train was traveling at approximately 82 miles per hour as it went into a 30 miles an hour curve. that speed again was 82 miles an hour at the entrance to a 30 miles an hour curve. >> reporter: the train passed through a 70 miles an hour zone then entered into a 30 miles an hour curve traveling at 82 miles an hour,52 miles over the speed limit. the brakes were fully applied just five seconds before the train came to a

he encysted on his black identity, which he could claim because he had the drop. even harlem was all over the place about this status of the one drop rule. some of these women were simply exercising prief leming. we're saying that i can be anything i want. there was one script laid out for them, the post victorian lights as matrons playing with, doing charity work, and so for them saying, no, i'm over here k i'm this other thing, i'm something else was a way to claim freedom in other sphere. it's complicated, i guess, is what i say. i'm sure you have an answer too. >> similar. i mean, it's the same mixed bag in my book in terms of the characters. it's a source of evaluation for me, again, how attuned they are to the kind of white privilege. you have a character like johnny otis, for instance, pioneer, greek born who passed as african-american in various con tensions, wrote a book using the "we" liberally to refer to himself as an activist and so on and so forth who's very attuned to the issues, and the ultimate privilege of saying, hey, i can choose to pass for blacks because

. >> the black boxes are now under analysis in washington, d.c., while investigators continued searching for evidence at the site in the bronx near the hudson and harlem rivers, the union that represents the train's crews identified the engineer as rockefeller, jr., who was responsible for powering the train and brakes. he is cooperating with investigators and turned over the cell phone, also telling the investigators he tried to slow the train and the brakes failed. the ntsb investigator said focusing on the actions that rockefeller took is key. >> they go back at least 24 hours to see if he got the amount of quality rest that was required. and then they will look to see if he was distracted or not. was there any use of hand-held devices like phones. >> they raised the issue of positive train control. ptc is a gps system designed to stop or slow a train before the crash or derailment. congress passed a law in 2008 that gave the rail way or the freight train time to install them. >> jason joins us now from the crash scene. so we're learning more tonight about the cell phone, whether or not the engineer was on it when the train crashed. what have you l

harlem river. and that is a difficult area of the track, but that doesn't explain this either. we are waiting for the ntsb to tell us exactly what happened. the trains have a black box on them similar to an airplane black box and that will give the speed of the train, whether or not the brakes were applied, and there was an earlier report that the operator suggested that the brakes failed. normally we look at the track conditions, the speed of the train, operator error, we'll look at the ntsb on that. we'll look at turning towards cleaning up the site so we will have the service smens again and that is an important line for us. we want to get it up and running for tomorrow. so there is little impact on the commuters as possible. >> it was officials who told us conductors told us that they seemed to fail. is that now in question as to whether or not he applied the brakes? that was a report that the operator stated that. i don't know whether that was an official statement. our first concern was getting the operator the appropriate medical attention. i heard the same report that they suggested that he had put on the bra kkes failed. so that is a possibility and the

harlem river between the bronx and manhattan. some passengers said the train was just going too fast to make it. authorities said the train did have a black one could imagine they could get some information on the speed? >> reporter: absolutely and that is one of the first things we have been told the ntsb investigators are going to be looking for. we know that the go team has been dispatched, we have been up here, we have got a pretty good perch here overlooking the train detrailment, goug through, and and under those tipped over rail cars, they are making absolutely certain that everybody has been accounted for. of course there is not a list to double check passengers names because there are so many stops coming up and down this hudson line this. train derailed around 7:00 this morning. this is a holiday weekend, a sunday, a busy travel day, sunday after thanksgiving, a lot of people taking note that if this would have happened tomorrow t monday after the thanksgiving holiday, we could have been looking at a lot more people being injured on this. 63 injured, 11 of them very serious. and four fatalities. we understand that three of the f

harlem river. one official said this is considered a slow-speed area, and the black box at the scene should be ablenew york governor andrew cuomo visited the scene earlier. >> there are a number of factors that can be looked at. the ntsb is going to do an investigation. speed is one of the things they'll look at. they'll look at track condition, et cetera. but we can't speculate on what they might find. >> all seven cars derailed just about 100 yards north of the next station. >>> the obama administration has released its much anticipated report on the fixes to healthcare.gov. report says the administration has accomplished its goal of making the website run more efficiently for the vast majority of users. and there was plenty of reaction on the sunday talk shows. >> if this program works, and i think it will, three months from now a huge number of people who didn't have health insurance are going to have it and mostly at a better price. i think that's the proof in the pudding. >> i mean, this is really feeds into the president's competence. that's really the question now that people have. is the p

i remember we'd put together a group of black business people when he came over to new york up in harlemg us what our contributions were. and at that time, we were talking about, well, we'll help you with marketing on this and we'll help you at advertising on that. and he went into his spiel. he said, when i went to libya, gadhafi gave me $5 million, when i went to the ivory coast, the president gave me $7 million. you know, so i don't need advertising, i need millions. so he was a fundraiser. and he had that kind of sense of humor that almost made it impossible to say no to him. and because you knew his cause was so great and his belief in the rightness of his cause, you had to respond to that. but he had a tremendous sense of humor and almost a mischievous sense of humor. that made him human at the same time iconic. >> we talked about it earlier trying to get our -- at least i am, my arms around how you go from a marxist, really, when i think he went into prison. and i think had the idea or would probably nationalize all of the industry in south africa initially. and then it was 27 yea

harlem. >> i saw a man, a little wobbly. >> his trusty guide dog witnesses say the 10-year-old black lab was barking frantically and tried to stop him from falling. >> he tried to pull him back. >> while the dog is trained to protect his owner from going over the edge, this time it was too much for him. >> the dog was pulling him to come forward but it was too late, he he wobbled forward and he he went backward to the tracks. >> the dog tumbled on to the tracks with him. knocked out for a few moments when he came to, he heard people yelling at him do not climb up the platform. >> we screamed at him to stay down stay down, because the train was already coming. >> at the same time, those witnesses were desperately waving down the train. the conductor saw them and slammed on the emergency brake but it was too late. by the time the train stopped about 1.5 cars had passed over cease lil and orlando. both of themle trapped underneath the subway car. >> he was pretty banged up, so i doubt he was able to move. he probably fell. he struck his head, and he probably rolled into the middle. >> firefighters quickly rescued them and trea

it's fitting the people here in harlem were the first to pay tribute to him last night, the first south african blacksident. >> reporter: from the white house to buckingham palace, the entire world remembers a man who changed it forever. >> he taught us world peace. he taught us how to love. >> i thought he was a great man because he kept his people from rising up after they gained their freedom. >> he has empowered each and every one of us. >> reporter: nelson mandela, a man who spent 27 years behind bars, now eulogized by presidents and monarchs. in washington, flags at the white house were lowered to half-staff. president obama spoke of the man who inspired him. >> we've lost one of the most influential, courageous and profoundly good human beings any of us will share time with on this earth. he no longer belongs to us. he belongs to the ages. >> reporter: and former presidents clinton, bush and carter united to mourn the leader, in cities across the nation, people coming together to honor the man who has become a global symbol for justice and humanity, a touching tribute lights a marquee at the l

black box. that was recovered yesterday by ntsb investigators and they will be carefully reviewing it to find out how exactly fast the train was going as it went into the turn near the harlemson rivers. new york governor andrew cuomo talked about the factors that could have caused the crash early this morning. >> there were three possibilities. that there was a problem with the track. there was quote, unquote equipment failure on the train itself, or operator error. that the engineer of the train, who was a long-time engineer made a mistake where human beings that could happen also. >> reporter: and we understand that we're going to have another press conference with the ntsb a little later on today. and we may find out the speed factor sometime today as well. martha? martha: it will be such an important element obviously, laura. but the personal side as we start to find out a little bit more about the victims of this crash, tell us. >> reporter: yeah. they are heart-breaking details indeed as we find out who was on the train and where they were going. it is sort of thing you would imagine on thanks giving weekend, a very special week end for so many. we want to go through