. >> pelley: bolton told us, the official said he couldn't speak or think clearly. he was taken to an emergency room. the former official sent us this note, saying that, more than a year later, "i'm still recovering and suffering from headaches and other symptoms, and have been diagnosed with two other medical conditions that are believed to be the result of the attack." he's still an outpatient at water reed national military medical center. >> bolton: that was a very debilitating attack, and similar to what others have reported. >> pelley: those "others" include miles taylor, also speaking for the first time. taylor was deputy chief of staff and, later, chief of staff of the trump administration department of homeland security. >> miles taylor: your job is to oversee the roughly 250,000 men adepa that conducted a range of missions, from aviation security to border security to cybersecurity. >> pelley: taylor told us he was hit with the same symptoms described by olivia troye. >> taylor: it was late one night in april 2018. i'd just become deputy chief of staff of

bolton, thanks for being here. i want to start by thanking you and your team for the hard work you put into these reports. we have now had numerous hearings and meetings to speak about these reports and your office has always been responsive. i want to ask you questions because we only have five minutes. short answers police. you explained that you asked over 80 officers to speak with your office about january 6 but only 36 have completed an interview. these officers were not obligated to speak with you but would you consider that's be a normal response rate? >> i think that is about a normal rate. they were not subject to a investigation. we were soliciting their investigation -- information. they were not compelled to talk to us. >> if -- fewer -- there were concerns that the department has a culture issue up for elections -- about speaking up. >> they would be protected and we don't utilize their names. it is as an officer and we don't even identify -- whether it was a house division or whatever. >> thanks for y

spending his das doing, here is john bolton msnbc demanding another worthless one.ch. >> do you think that we should go in to defend? >> i think it is too late for that now but i would say this the red line between being eight tree l.a. of the united states and not being one is significant. but the issue as in all issues like this is what i russian invasion and takeover of ukraine adversely affect american national security and that of its nato allies? absolutely yes. we did not act appropriately. early, we should have had more american forces in ukraine, not to fight the russians, but to trade with the ukrainians and show russian generals looking across the border and seeing the american flags. i wonder what that means? biden took that off the table saying there would be no american forces involved, and he got nothing for it. >> tucker: so the only problem with joe biden's ukraine policy says john bolton, it is too weak. your are not fighting right there right now, hunker down and shooting at putin. let's try a winter war in russia. we've never done it before. and

joining me to discuss is former national security adviser for former president trump john bolton.is morning. >> glad to be with you. >> so the will of this invasion has not been answered, will putin order the invasion. the can has. putin has all the capabilities he needs to carry out a broad invasion, perhaps crippling invasion of this country. do you believe based on your interactions with him and russia in the past that he would build such a force purely to pressure ukraine as opposed to taking military action? >> yes, i think it's entirely possible. let's begin with the dollars and cents of this. putin is making money off this crisis. if you look at the price of oil, it continues above $90 a barrel. he's very happy with that given the state of russia's economy. i think it's consistent with the possibility of invasion. that's undeniable. i think back in the day we would have called what putin is doing here brinksmanship. he has to see the weakness in the nato alliance. he's seen some maybe from the french. he's calculating across a broad range, not simply focusing on ukraine. if

although, i did meet john bolton once, and he told me my pacino impression is great. bleep [ laughter ] that means it sucks, right [ laughter ] the leader of the republican party praised a bloodthirsty autocrat as the u.s. warns of an imminent full-scale invasion that virtually the entire world is horrified by, and yet the gop has the gall to call biden weak. maybe trump is just praising putin in the hope that if he runs again in 2024, putin will say -- ♪ welcome back ♪ [ laughter ] >> seth: so i think in order for that to work, everybody here would have -- in the body of the "closer look," they would have had to leave and go watch "welcome back, kotter. [ laughter ] this has been "a closer look." [ cheers and applause we'll be right back with billie eilish, everybody ♪ >> announcer: for more of seth's "closer looks," be sure to subscribe to "late night" on youtube. ♪all my life♪ ♪though some have changed♪ ♪all these places have their moments♪ ♪with lovers and friends♪ ♪i still can recall,♪ ♪i know i'll often stop and think about them♪ ♪in my life, i love you more♪ so

johnhiab bolton knows a lot. on the other hand , he spentow decades weakening americade with terrible foreign policy ideas and getting a lot of decent people killed for no good reason at all. foso you think at this point if justice were real, john bolton would be living in isolation and shame somewhere, spending his days in atonement? that's what you would do. butthis that's not what he's dog now here's john bolton, msnbc demanding w yet another war , this one with the nuclear armedj power watch. dodo you think that us forces should actually go in to defendd ukraine? well, i think it's probably too? late for that now. but i would say this the red line between being a treaty ally of the united states l not being one is significant. but the issue as innit b all iss like this is would a russian invasion and takeover of ukraine adversely affect american national security and out of its nato allies? the answer that's absolutely yes. we did not act appropriately early. i think we should have had more american forces in

. >> another picture shows john bolton. the caption called bolton, quote, dumb as a rock.ade $20 million so far. >>> finally, with valentine's day fast approaching, build-a-bear is expanding its reach. >> the teddy bear company is offering adult options. they are included in the after dark collection which featured dark collection which featured bears in shirts claiming, is now a good time for a flare-up? enough, crohn's! for adults with moderate to severe crohn's or ulcerative colitis, stelara® can provide relief, and is the first approved medication to reduce inflammation on and below the surface of the intestine in uc. you, getting on that flight? back off, uc! stelara® may increase your risk of infections, some serious, and cancer. before treatment, get tested for tb. tell your doctor if you have an infection, flu-like symptoms, sores, new skin growths, have had cancer, or if you need a vaccine. pres, a rare, potentially fatal brain condition, may be possible. some serious allergic reactions and lung inflammation can occur. lasting remission can start with stelara®. ja

well like of ah, so the brazilian president is coming to russia on tuesday, julia to bolton. otto's visit will last 3 days. does come in, but heightened tensions between western professional partners and moscow. the trip has actually been widely condemned and the media outlets sang. it sends the wrong signal, given the situation over ukraine, washington reportedly lobbied for the visit to be scrapped altogether. bolton auto though, says he's only coming to trade to talk about trade. well, brazil is not the only country and latin america to go its own way. argentina's president says bonaza is, is seeking greater economic independence anew opportunities. i'm convinced argentina needs to stop being so dependent on the i m f in the us and needs instead to open up to other places. and that is where it seems to me that russia has a very important role to play. we discussed our latin american aspirations to chatham, all independent pass with daniel shaw, a professor of latin american studies. all this hoopla dis, information about, quote unquote, russian aggression in ukraine in kazakstan is des

pretty much it was ever put in the bra bolton of vincent. is it the law of our bolton, or village apartments, or from some technology cut that of where did that from? can only moore's finance? clear to charlie? yeah, no. it's just a penny. actually. yesterday before, can you previously what, which no reads enough where stick i can ask any if so place went up, which is that if you skip the camille, them systemic and because throw in a school but is be grades of what a bug new dawning is. aston isley of simeon right sir, system us below in your lease for court or when it machine or that i'm a shot to book an adult shift also.

here's ig michael bolton in his hearing with what he envisions is a better way to reform the departmentof ourselves as a police department, that we're going out and policing, that we are a protective agency. that our number one duty and mission in all training, no matter what it is, is going to be driven by that mission of protection. >> and this is the key issue. what is the department -- what should it be. that is the tension that the ig has with this capitol police leadership right now, because the reality is the capitol police chief does not feel that that is the right path for the department. he believes that this is a police department. and i'll point you to this. the ig is a former secret service man. the capitol police chief now, a former long-time local chief. two very different backgrounds and two very different views about where this department should go. as the ig wraps up this nearly year-long investigation that has explored many flaws in this department there's still this remaining question about the future of capitol police. back to you. >> whitney wild, thank you. >>> ok

, vincent, is it the law about a bolton, or village apartments, or from some technology cut that of whether it's mechanical ne moore's band yet clear to check? no, it's just a penny actually yesterday before. can you previously what, which no region of where's ticket ask any of so please wind up, which is that if you skip the camille them system we're going to pass through enough to but is be grades of what a w a dealing in is us history of simian right, so system hospice, 9 units for quote, a when it machine will that amish. ostable cooksey's also by dude you can in some sports are still time source because knowing you me surely and i'm what if it with the give racist of soccer through textbook or stuff, then you could use them put it as experts. al him sits underneath the plato, so that was a finger sebastian would end up with bill to oppose electric power. soon would you like foster? there was no visitor to source to list always since this kind of response, no one unit of acton, yet you see as to which seems to be kind of 1st of no renewal. it's ms short across the porch. it will wait. i

the law about a bolton or vba is a part time from, from technology cut of whether it's mechanical new, more spine yet create a charm. yeah, no, it's just a penny. actually. yesterday before, can you previously what, which no region of where stick i can ask any of. so press one to which is that if you just keep the camille from systemic and because throwing up but is be grades of a w a dealing in his art history of simeon right system, asp line units for quote a wind machine will that i'm a shot to books is also by do, depends on sports are still time source, because no one you need surely, and i'm what is it with the reason of shortcut through tech, but also the critique dump it alex, it's l m c tongue. yet, the producer that the fingers should dashed over there. dalton is built rapport, electric power. soon we do less, almost a north nova visit, and to so still we're still with some still kind of let's put, no one needs up of acton yet. you see as to which seems to kind of know any, meets me short across the porch and wait. if not get about. this timeline might look great inputs for

lucy bolton was born -- ruthie bolton was born 12 years after lucy harris hailing from green county, mississippi. she was the 16th of 20 children. ruthie first dreamed of a career in basketball as a star player for mclean high school, where she led the team to a state championship. then she landed a scholarship at auburn university, where she helped the tigers to three southeastern conference titles and four ncaa tournament appearances. ruthie bolton went on to play 15 seasons of professional ball in europe, including the country of turkey, and in the united states where she played eight seasons for the sacramento monarchs. she also helped team u.s.a. win two gold medals at the olympics in 1996 and 2000. ruthi bolton now stands shoulder to shoulder with lucy harris in the women's basketball hall of fame. mr. president, my wife, gail, and i had the honor of meeting ruthie bolton a few days ago while touring her native green county, mississippi. we each got to hold the two gold medals, and ruthie and i were given the privilege of leading a local lunch crowd in a verse of "amazing grace

on friday, had to berlin, drew with bolton on sunday, dormant play labor, cousin and valves. ferg take on foot. here's a reminder off the top story. we're following for you. a morocco. the boy who fell into a well nearly 5 days ago has died before rescuers could pull him act. emergency personnel had been trying to free 5 year old ryan from the narrow shaft, in the hope that he was still alive. the effort was tracked at life by viewers in morocco and around the globe. well, that's your news update this our up next is our show sports life with a look at why a world coped every 2 years. instead of 4 could wreak could rec, the football world. there's plenty more for you on our website that's tito dot com . and you can, of course, follow up on our social media accounts on public ideas in britain for me and the team here take care and see if the top of the next are these places in europe or smashing the records.

introduced to this situation ten years ago in england when a player, fabrice muamba, collapsed playing for boltond to retire. obviously, you're carrying on. how special is the fact that you are playing on, do you think? yeah, i think what i've heard often that i'm going to be the first with an icd playing in the premier league. that's incredible, right? yeah, no, it is. i mean, it's just... i mean, that'sjust the technology part is incredible that it's possible. you can see with everyone it's a different diagnosis and it's different... ..different things that comes in place so, yeah, no, i'm, again, lucky that i'm capable of and able to come back. has it changed you as a man? no. i think i see my family in a different view compared to how i loved my family before, but even now i think i love them more. and just finally, you're back here in london where you had seven fantastic years at spurs where you established yourself as one of the best midfielders in the world. you have a huge amount of respect here from fans of all clubs, especially now. do you believe you can get back to that same level tha

it is performed by michael bolton -- and his team. the focus of today's hearing is the final reports in this series of eight/reports released by general bolton. the reports will best reveal deficiencies in the police

it is performed by michael bolton -- and his team.he focus of today's hearing is the final reports in this series of

. >>> and joining me is john bolton, former u.n. ama basder to president trump -- president bush i, should say. let's talk about deterrent. how do you deter vladimir putin? he seems determined to do what he's about to do because he's amassed this force. do you see him backing down? >> the president announced his policy failed. he said unequivocally the russian decision had been made. and yet you still hear today from your report that they count on holding back sanctions to maintain deterrent. if deterrent is failed, the answer is to come up with new steps, certainly to bring the guillotine down on all the sanctions they've been kaunltm plating and take additional steps if they want to stop any further military action. their admission they're engaged in gradual escalation is a further admission of a disastrous failure of policy. >> did this not really start under president trump with his embrace, if you will -- i mean it started in helisinky, which is the first u.s. president to sit down with vladimir putin and then agree with putin

. >>> let's bring in now john bolton, former national security adviser under president trump. good to see you. so the secretary of state and the president both say vladimir putin has made up his mind to invade ukraine. already there is, you know, local separatist activity taking place. in your view, is putin's playbook already in play? >> well, i don't think we really know what putin's playbook is, but i think both the president and his top advisers have been displaying extraordinary defeatism. the president and his advisers, like secretary of state blinken, have flatly admitted that their policy has failed. they say they tried to establish deterrence, which is in the abstract, a reasonable thing to do. they proposed economic sanctions. and i think both because of sanctions were inadequate and because the president didn't have credibility, they failed. that's what it means when the president says that putin has decided to invade. deterrence has failed. so what do you do? talk about diplomacy? no, of course not. the hours late we should have been doing many things weeks and mon

michael bolton has said before that dozens of recommended securities enhancements had not been put in in now ali vitali. talk to me about what we're hearing because i believe that the hearing just started within the last 30 minutes. >> reporter: yeah, we've started to hear both from the chairwoman of that committee and including the witnesses, many of whom you were just talking about, including the inspector general, capitol police, who is testifying today that more of those recommendations have been undertaken. but at the same time of the hundreds of recommendations to security enhancements and other things that have been made since january 6, only a handful of them have been implemented to this point. that is one of the big things that he is here to update congress on as this committee as well as others undertake their investigations to make sure that day like january 6th never happens again. and that is exactly what the chairwoman said when is he opened the committee. take a listen. >> a fire cannot start without a spark and we would be doing a disservice to ourselves and to the am

data show that the average american 401k retirement saver lost 1800 dollars this week alone deirdre, bolton new york. new this morning and landmark hotel in san francisco's union square, officially. has a new name according to the chronicle the sir francis drake hotel will be rebranded to the beacon grand sir francis drake the english sea captain and explorer was a prominent slave owner during his lifetime the northview hotel group bought the property last year for about 157 million dollars. the hotel is set to reopen in the spring. it's been closed since the start of the pandemic six bay area residents were honored during a black history month event that celebrated those who have contributed greatly to histor. black colleges and universities the celebration was organized by east bay assembly member alex lee fremont councilmember theresa cox and the silicon valley naacp those recognized for their generosity and achievements included fremont's fire chief and the first black deaf administrator at california school for the deaf in fremont. i see them doing the hard work doing the work day in a

how team were taken aside by the police. pos bolton visas were photograph, but that wasn't all. we were asked to download an app and to our smartphones, which gave police access to our location data, so that they could also truck us digitally. holmes glue. as soon as we arrived in the mountainous regions, we were closely followed by at least 2 cars. they stopped everywhere that we did. we had come to find out where the most people here were benefiting from the winter sports boom. or all they being pushed out by modernization. and what their thoughts about the olympics we had hoped to speak to this man who runs a junkyard, that someone got there before us. then the man from the junkyard closed the gate without speaking to us. to a mind has returned to that vehicle, an effective means of pressuring people. the mountainous area surrounding beijing is a poor region. tourism is not well developed if the land is not well suited to farming . this is the other china. one more than $600000000.00 people in the country, little less than the equivalent of a $150.00 euros a month. some house

are, would be like that, but they are much more far reaching and 2014 people can watch our joint. bolton trumps the national security adviser about sanctions and cuba let alone all the other countries. i don't know how many countries the u. s. know, sanctions in the relevance here, of course is to this foreign affairs magazine piece. you wrote that one us priority was to help manage china's rise of the global stage. the usa should formulate a strategy to peel russia away from china. as we know that the sanctions this economic growth has just strengthen the relationship green most quinn beijing as well. yes, it has. and in some ways, one negative knock on effect of sanctions is pushing russia closer to china. that happened after 2014, where we saw russia compensate for its economic isolation by trading war with russia, with china moving closer to china. if russia invades ukraine, than i assuming that the sanctions will push china and russia closer, closer together, that is something that seems to me to be unavoidable, and in my mind, does not outweigh the importance of reacting with a ser

relevant today as the day was written end quote and in 2019 former top national security adviser john bolton wrote quote the monroe doctrine is alive and well." to put it simply even if russia was not ruled by a oligarchic authoritarian leader like vladimir putin russia, like the united states, would still have an interest in the security policy. and i want people to think about this. does anyone really believe that the united states would not have something to say if for example mexico or cuba or any country in central and latin america were to perform a military alliance with the u.s. adversary? do you think members of congress would stand up and say well if you know mexico as an independent country and they have the right to do anything they want. i doubt that very much. mr. president countries should be free to make their own foreign-policy choices. making those choices wisely requires a serious consideration of the costs and benefits. the fact is the u.s. in ukraine entering into a deeper security relationship is likely to have some very serious problems for both countries. mr. presiden

but what is clear is that mr. bolton is lining up a demands which was, which are, which are completely unacceptable to any ukrainian government in order to create a pretext to say what you see these people who refused what we asked them to do. and now we have to protect the states that we recognize and with which we signed at a friendship and cooperation agreement. so i think this is creating a pretext for russian troops to roll into. these remaining territories won't be on the homeless, but that means base going to head to head confrontation with the ukrainian armed forces that are holding the line there. i think it's safe to say that the perception outside russia is that mister putin has total control. there are there viable dissenting opinions to mr. putin's vision of greater russia? well, that's an interesting question, michael. because today, there were conflicting polls are published in russia regarding the russians. the russians attitude to what happened to the last few days. and it's interesting that a government control, post, or russian sense of a public opinion, said that $7

while china, india, and united arab emirates all abstained on new york correspondence, caleb bolton reports the representative of the united states hurled a lot of allegations at russia, accusing russia of many things, and blaming russia for the entire conflict. here's some of what we heard. we need to take extraordinary actions to meet this threat, to our international system, and do everything we can to help ukraine and it's people. just this morning, president putin put rushes nucular forces on high alert. even though he is invading a country with no nuclear weapons, we urge russia to tone down is dangerous rhetoric regarding nuclear weapons. now from there are a number of countries aligned with the united states echoed these allegations from the united states, placing the blame for the conflict solely on the shoulders of russia. now we heard china take to the floor of the un security council meeting. and when china spoke, they called for a d, ask elation they urged dialogue. china supports and encourages or diplomatic efforts conducive to a peaceful settlement of the ukraine crisis and

incidence. matter of fact, young j russian is these attempts to disperse our aiming at reducing their bolton's, of our priorities with out hitting or hurting the men interests of united states and of nate regarding expansion that has no limits of these forces. and we need to make sure of that, and we need to pay attention to that. any dialogue regarding any matter, the need steps, not to escalate things. and we can't stress that or confirm that there are some progress in some manner issues. but we have to continue the efforts we have to continue or discussing the proposals though, have made since december last year and the rapid safe eights. allies must start understanding and dealing with the russian proposals regarding the need to decrease tension. in this regard, mister president, we will continue our efforts and the regular we have given our reactions to the documents that we received from the u. s. and from brussels of the same time before. and i think we need to know their reactions, there's replies, and we need to make sure that the em efforts of the nato gus will be considered and will

here's abc's deirdre bolton. >> reporter: tonight, a far off conflict squeezing americans at the cash register. >> not only is our energy bill up, but our grocery bill is up. our gas for our vehicles, that's up as well. >> reporter: americans already coping with a 7.5% annual rate of inflation, the highest since 1982. this week, watching oil hit its highest level since 2014. and gas prices 40% higher than this time last year. with worse likely if russia goes all in against ukraine. >> we'd probably be talking about maybe a $20 or $30-a-barrel hit, and it could be even more dramatic. >> reporter: with ripple effects throughout our oil-dependent, transportation-driven consumer economy. >> higher fuel expenses for trucking companies, logistics. airlines are going to likely have to pass along higher jet fuel prices in the months ahead. so it's all going to trickle down. no more prevalent than at the grocery store. >> reporter: for sydney nassiri and her fiance, staying on budget means re-imagining a night out. >> date nights pretty much include pasta nights at home. >> reporter: small inv

it's very ah, grateful to estonia for the a javelin, a rockets and a bolton a military hospital. this is a big help see maintained a defensive capacities of ukraine. we also were discussing that crimean a platform of 4 months, and it's tanya can cited either a white supports or the occupation of ukrainian peninsula of crimea. and we also discussed the european and saw era integration operations of ukraine who are some of which are fully supported by an estonia to on our way to the e u. and of.

let's go live that a tunis alicio bolton is there for us, alicia. what's the significance of this? well, what we're seeing is another grab over at state institution. a 3 reflects what happened last july. when ty site ordered ahmed tanks to surround them all, and then, i mean the, if you think about the food that is a democracy, judiciary, the justice system is primary and it's meant to be independent of the states and political power. so when you guys sides it, i made his power grab his intention was to rule by decree and to hold the 3 powers legislative, which lawmaking executive. but he struggled to take control of the judicial system . and this been a long and bitter battle between the judiciary. i'm particularly the supreme judicial council, which is the judiciary watchdog and case side. so where he's not been able to negotiate his own way. he's just taken a, b, b, r, judiciary by force and effect. so surrounding the sea assembly and this is a symbolic act that he has absolute power. and what, well, what i've heard from the young magistrates is that they believe that this is ve

africa essentially to do infrastructure projects is seen as a, as a sort of competitor to china's bolton road initiative. but europe says that it's a much fairer and less sort of demanding a requirement on african nations. if they take these loans, if they get involved in these investments, and we know that the leaders of the 2 sides have been, has been speaking about exactly how that investment project can continue. the last time that the a u. e. u summit happened in brussels, at least there was one in 2017 in abidjan, but the last have happened at brussels. the whole ethos was about trying to change the relationship between europe and africa, from donor to investor. and there is slow progress on this. and this is what the europeans, as i say, are keen to press on and came to, to talk to the african union leaders about thanks about jack jack barack in brussels, who controls the over the wearing of head jobs at school has sparked protests across india in recent weeks at the countries constituting allows minorities like muslims, to practice their religion. but he jobs and other religious

the situation over ukraine, washington reportedly lobbied for the visit to be scrapped altogether. bolton, otto though, says he'd only coming to talk trade or brazil is not the only country in latin america to go its own way. argentine as president says, are born as autos is seeking greater economic independence and new opportunities. i'm convinced argentina needs to stop being so dependent on the i m f and the u. s . and needs instead to open up to other places. and that is where it seems to me that russia has a very important role to play. we discussed our latin american aspirations to charge more independent path with daniel, sure, a professor of latin american studies, all this hoopla and disinformation about, quote unquote, russian aggression in ukraine. and because augustine is designed to do just that, to demonize russia every day as we've seen argentina and she lane throughout the western hemisphere, the countries of south america and the caribbean are growing closer and closer and diplomatically and economically with russia. with china, we see the formation of these multilateral

it may persuade people you're being a tough guy, just as it may persuade the russian people, mr. bolton's and tough guy. but in terms of what it actually does to resolve a problem, not much as new thinker, the president biden is looking for a win medina, dealing with a scenario where eventually no one wins. professor richard will thank you so much for your time minutes. i thank you and global equity is responded to these sanctions as volatility. once again returned to the market. stocks in europe fell as much as 2 percent on tuesday as world leaders made announcements, but were able to recover much of the losses in asia. the shanghai composite hong sang and hong kong and japan sneak a each all losses between 1.5 and 3 percent. so here in the united states market is dropped as president biden, and sanctions on tuesday and rushes. mo, i floss nearly 11 percent during mondays tray to mid 4 and outflows. now, while markets around the world responded the following day or at the very least were flat or kind of up in the u. s. to sell off continued into wednesday afternoon . this outcomes is equ

you've got people who are being child who are being bolton's and or they want, if peace and quiet and having a degree of independence would kind of just finding the ties ukraine and say we're no longer going to be part of this conflict. we just want to live in peace. on monday though, i think we're really triggered. probably this emergency session was one on monday, the official has of the done yes. going to guns. republics came out and actually made a video conference please, to got my food and they said, we knew the situation here is deteriorating so badly. we need your support, please recognize our independence. and as we heard from vladimir putin, if he doesn't prove that resolution, will have probably late to say when the out morning. it is because most scofield, it was driven twit by total and utter disregard for the minced agreements that it signed 7 years ago. machine on the key of authority. i don't want to engage in direct me. i like with the republics. they say they want to do it by dialogue with russia. and as soon as russia shaking offer certainly established 2 samples wi