tufts is right there at the centert of it in downtown bosto, and it puts people at risk of antimicrobialesistance. so can you explain to us why peoplele with opioid use disordr are at risk, and how can we mitigate that risk. >> thank you for the question, chairman markey. yes. ed sadly, we saw data reelited about a week ago that -- released that in massachusetts the opioid epidemic is at its worst, and we are seeing increased members of patients with -- numbers of patients with mrsa infections. it starts with interruption of the skin. so injection -- skin's kohl needs with the staph back tier a ya that gets into their system. they become sick, many of them are also malnourished, have otherrl underlying diseases, so treating them is complicated. many of them experience homelessness, following through on treatment is complicated. they go into environments where they can spread if the infection. that propagates the problem, so it's social problems as well as medical problems. in the hospital these patients need to be isolated this private rooms, we have to protect ourselves so that we don't