the launch of our series takes us to boston. those stories and more tonight on "nightly business report" for thursday, may 31st. >>> and we do bid you good evening, everybody. investors did not exactly like what they heard when the white house said today that it is making good on its threat to impose tariffs on some of our largest trading partners and closest allies. starting at midnight tonight canada, mexico, and the european union will no longer be exempt from levies on steel and aluminum. the tariff on steel will be 25% and 10% on aluminum. the specter of a trade war made wall street very nervous today. stocks fell to close out the month of may. the dow fell by 251 points, 24,415. the nasdaq was down 20 and the s&p 500 lost 18. and the response from the country's affected was quick and it was stern. eamon javers is covering this story for us tonight from washington. >> these tariffs are totally unacceptable. >> reporter: the response from allies was swift. canadian prime minister justin trudeau condemned the move. >> these t

and that's what the troops were doing in boston. and from the point of view of the americans, they had a very good idea. the founding fathers, the patriots, the people who are organizing the resistance,hey had a very good idea of what the king really meant. what he meant was that he was going to make america look like ireland. that's what he meant. so i start out my book by telling you what benjamin franklin had to say about a trip he took in 1772, a careful, long trip through ireland and scotland and northern england. and it shocked him to see how the people actually lived there. they were under the control of a very few oligarchs owned the land and live this magnificent life while the people, this vast majority of the people lived worse than the indians do in america. franklin said i wouldn't advise the indians to become civilized it is going to turn out that they would look like the irish do. did the king really mean that he wanted toake serfs out of massachusetts farmers? and so this is the argument that i make, and it shown goi

i love boston, but the weather. from a kid coming from abu dhabi where the temperatures in the summer are 100 degrees to end up david: tough, a was tough tough transition for me. i went to california. i should have started in california. when you got to tufts, did people say, where is abu dhabi? khaldoon: number one, nobody had any idea about abu dhabi, the uae. second, the pronunciation of my name -- i have a very difficult name. khaldoon. kh, the pronunciation of this letter in english is challenged by most of my friends

. >>> winter slammed hard into boston this year back-to-back nor'easters sent water flooding into its historic streets and seaport. it was what city plarnners predicted, just not yet. >> we've spent a lot of time thinking that these impacts are 20, 30 years down the road these storms are here now. >> reporter: deanna moran studies the impact of climate change on boston real estate, especially its new development >> and the planning has been great, but we just aren't there yet. >> reporter: the planning started at the top, in the mayor's office, and its climate-ready boston initiative. >> if you want to build a large building in the city of boston, not only do you have to take into account what the climate projections are and the floodplains are right now, but you have to look at what those projections are in the future. >> reporter: in the past decade, nearly $8 billion worth of residential and commercial real estate has been built or approved for construction in the seaport, its inventory of properties doubling, according to cbre. in fact, just the seaport has seen three times the am

boston onheaded for august 20, 1824. passed through initional cities, he arrived roxbury where he spent the night. hethe morning of the 24th, was joined by a procession of 70,000 as he headed to boston. sewer -- his arrival is described as follows. we crossed the city to go to the state house. during this drive, the displays of infection -- affection were so touching, we could not hold back tears of emotion. in front of the state house, a c islands, a long line of younger roles and boys. anddecorated by a ribbon lifted their hands toward the of joyle uttering cries to read of the school children who live there that day and were called it 40 years later at a at thein the music hall annual school test was the great order and abolitionist wendell phillips. this isin his speech, the first time for many years i have participated in a school festival. i have received no invitations since 1824 when as a little in a, we were turned out grand possession. not to hear music, no. for something better. site --illed to read a that thr

that fall judge will tool announced the trial would be held in boston. and we have two choices we can either let him stay alive and have his interaction and have his joys. or put him to die. and have that be the end of that. they don't get to see their little boy playing baseball anymore or reading him a story at night and in this young man is in jail and he's reading stories that he likes he's got books available to him that he enjoys or he meets with his sisters and gets to see pictures of their children growing up and i just don't think it's fair that they have had their their joys taken away from them and he still is able to experience that. karen decided to attend the trial. i want to be there to see. justice. in philadelphia nearly four years after vicki instils daughter shannon was murdered the police got a lead. in two thousand and would there been a series of assaults started to employees in fort collins colorado they put out a report to police agencies all across the united states. so they sent the from shannon's case to fort collins. the d.n.a

boston was talking about potential security assurances that the north koreans would want from washington in order to even consider denuclearize asian because as of right now we're not sure that they're willing to do what the americans want exactly what is the situation in terms of trust there have been observers who've been watching donald trump throughout his presidency now noticing that perhaps he'll say one thing one day and say something else and the next and kim jong un has certainly been watching this trump pulled out of iran deal just this past weekend he was of the g. seven summit in canada everything seemed to go pretty well he got on a plane and then he tweeted that he was not going to be part of that joint communique with allies so why would. trump. i think in general is relatively smart he knows exactly what's going on so he is not he doesn't trust donald trump but he he knows that he is the one key to his potential success so what you could see over the last couple of weeks was that when the summit was in the in the making in the run up to it that was very sensitive towards

boston college alum matt ryan of the atlanta falcons.ian edelman of the patriots. >> it's like this person did it, this person did it and the next thing you know the whole news feed is ice bucket challenges. >> when did it blow your mind? >> i think it must have been bill gates. >> reporter: pete's prediction came true. the world's richest man, perhaps the most powerful philanthropist, shivering for pete's cause. and that billion dollar prediction, they were almost a quarter of the way there in just six weeks. but as the science of als progressed, pete's body continued to decline. just this past summer, a crises, pete suddenly taken back to the hospital, reportedly at death's door. when we come back, pete frates battles back from the brink. fighting for his future and so many others with als. you're about to meet one inspirational young man. jimmy's gotten used to his whole room smelling like sweaty odors. yup, he's gone noseblind. he thinks it smells fine, but his mom smells this... luckily for all your hard-to-wash fabrics... ...there'

in some ways the west end houses the story of boston.rants of boston could come and get help over the decades and 100 years ago that was my family. my grandmother had five brothers. they were jewish kids, grandchildren, children of immigrants and they were among the underserved then and they came here to get off the streets. my great uncle allen. you can see him when he was a young teenager playing basketball. how has the makeup of the kids who use this changed? >> now we're supporting people from all over the world. it's a new need but in reality it's the same need. >> reporter: the west end house offers 1,600 kids and teens a home away from home, a place to learn new skills, succeed in school and create lasting friendships. >> you have four pillars to our programs. leadership and life skills, education and high school preparedness, performing and visual arts and fitness and nutrition. >> reporter: the kids that we are playing four square with or the kids who run to get meals or play in the music room or doing the art, they all feel con

it appears we've lost our connection with boston but old pick up from what boston was just talking about in terms of the public perception of kim jong un and how much it has changed in just six months as you mentioned the new year's eve address that he gave where he reached out to south korea and even hinted at potentially reaching out to the united states public perception is one thing how are politicians perhaps in europe as you mentioned has not really engaged very much with the north koreans for various reasons of boston has just outlined how is europe looking at this summit well i think we have to be very careful as a first comment to not make him a rock star just because he is a weird person has a weird haircut and he's going through a single for like this i mean these pictures that's what i meant with theatre and circus with a very careful to talk about the substance of this and not just about the show because there's only helps him. so we have to stop being hypocritical about it so by saying the europeans haven't engaged that much we have to be very careful the europeans are pres

but then -- and at that time, you know, boston was under siege. the british had occupied the peninsula of boston, and their navy controlled the harbor and they were resupplied the city with provision ship down from canada. these are the maps i am drawing in my mind. i just assume you can see them. so the patriots with -- the patriots had been surrounded, but they, to break this stalemate, they needed weapons and then they got the good news that ethan allen and benedict arnold and their people had captured fort ticonderoga where there were all of this artillery, canons and mortars and howitzers, you know, 300 miles away. and henry knox, the bookseller, he is like i think at this point 26, he goes up to washington and said how about i go get all of them weapons? [laughter] sarah: 300 miles away. washington is like yeah, sure, go ahead bookstore owner. , [laughter] sarah: and he and he did it. , he and his brother, henry knox and his brother, set off for new york in november, i think it was, and by january they returned with 43 canons, 43 -- 14 morta

boston heartache reporting from singapore and of course the w. will be on the ground throughout this is story event with all the latest thank you again boston. now to the fallout from the weekend's g. seven summit in canada that meeting of the world's leading industrial nations unraveling after u.s. president trump withdrew his support for the group's joint communiqué german chancellor angela merkel has now given her take on events in a rare one on one t.v. interview she describes trump's move as quote sobering and a bit depressing and commenting on trump's threat of trade tariffs she says germany won't be taken for a ride it was the image from the g seven summits in canada that tent everyone talking boards have the german chancellor been saying to the u.s. president what was she thinking and what was he thinking that photo was taken before donald trump withdrew his support for the g seven is joined statement on international trade and it seems that decision has changed everything. in an unusual move chancellor merkel used to german political tal

here in boston, in a public lecture given in 1833, maria w. store, a pioneer abolitionist and women's rights advocate invoked black women's demand for sexual justice by asking, what if i am a woman? what would it mean to acknowledge women, especially black women, as full citizens of legal capacity and political consent? if black women were granted not just the rights of life, liberty, and happiness, but of self sovereignty, then they would also be entitled to the legal protections of those rights. by asking the question, she asserted and called for the inclusion of black women as fully human and autonomous beings, the owners of their own bodies with the ability to withhold consent. stewart, like many black women, insisted on sexual justice as a natural right. in doing so, black women and their allies influenced the republican's party's vision for racial equality through the course of the 1850's and through the end of reconstruction. their radical campaign for sexual justice, taken together with evolving republican ideas about legal equality, m

we will see whether boston scientific is receptive. stryker down, boston scientific higher.et bloomberg first word news. court: the u.s. supreme gave states or power to purge voting data based on people who have not cast votes recently. justices upheld in ohio system that could become a model for other republican-control states. they set the system was a legitimate effort to ride to the five people who have moved away. minister's per brexit plan returns to the house of commons tomorrow. they added 15 amendments designed to keep close ties with the european union. conservative party rentals up close and us rebels oppose a setback, at least until after a crucial eu summit. wall street is awash in sublett office space, a bad sign for landlords. downtown new york subleases made up two pointer percent of the market at the end of may. april's 2.4%, that is highest level since 2010. downward pressure on rent. global news 24 hours a day on air and on tictoc on twitter, powered by more than 2700 journalists and analysts in over 120 countries. i'm kailey leinz. this is bloomberg. much

boston scientific share spiking. striker shares moving down.ouill continue to keep posted on that developing situation. we have a couple of done deals as well we are watching. invision health care agreeing to a buyout by kkr. $46 a share is the price of the deal. $9.9 million. envision has urgent care centers. rocks a big maker of sheet agreeing to be acquired by a german company for $44 a share. that's an exit for berkshire hathaway which owns 30% of usg and has not been a terribly successful investment until no and with its buyout. , genworth isll getting approval to be acquired by a chinese rival. china oceanwide is the buyer. overall.7 billion this would be the largest china approved by the regulator under the trump administration. america rise financial -- ameri prise up. there was concern if there were to be summit like a genworth bankruptcy that that that would cause them to have to increase its reserves but now that the bio looks like it's going through, shares rallying by 5%. vonnie: thank you for that update. we are counting down to t

correspondent boston hadzic is following the story for us in singapore and in studio we have young cars how a transatlantic fellow in the asia program at the german marshall fund of the united states by stan we're going to start with you a warm handshake a relaxed demeanor what a difference a few months make when after they traded all these belligerent insults and now trump is saying he will sign a document with came what more can you tell us about that document. well we're all waiting to see what's what's going to be in that they're clear ation that trump said that they're that they're going to sign it could be it could be anything from we're going to meet again trump already said that if the meeting goes well then he might even invite kim through to washington there might be something in about a possible peace deal working towards a peace deal on the korean peninsula because of course the korean war was never formally ended it just was halted with an armistice in one nine hundred fifty three but technically north and south korea are still at war and many many in south korea obviously

but, then-- and at that time, you know, boston was under siege the british had occupied the peninsula of boston and their maybe controlled the harbor and they were resupplied the city with provision ship down from canada. this is the map i am drawing in my mind. i just assume you can see them. so, the patriots had been surrounded, but to break this stalemate they needed weapons and then they got the good news that ethan allen and benedict arnold and their people had captured the fort where there were all of this artillery comic -- artillery canons and mortars , and 300 miles away. henry knox, the bookseller is like 26 i think at this point goes up to washington and said how about i go get all of them weapons. [laughter] 300 miles away. washington is like yeah, sure, go ahead. bookstore owner. [laughter] and he did it. he and his brother, henry knox and his brother set off for new york in november, think it was, and by january they returned with 43 canons, 43 mortars drag ged across frozen rivers and over the snowy mountains by oxen. this is the old yankee proverb that if you can sell

have been highly halted >> what does that mean boston scientific and stryker both halted. what is thermo fisher doing in that environment because they need to respond. >> you can see boston scientific is up. we'll follow-up on that and let's see what meg tirrell had to say >> we talk about commodities today. we don't talk much about copper. it has been strong take a look at freeport-mcmoran. i think there is plenty of upsides right now. >> bgcp, about a 10,000 lot just went off in there. i followed it during the show so i am in that right now >> bgcp. >> when i looked at you you were not paying attention, you were making a trade >> exactly >> i was watching him do it. >> excuse me, i have to make some trade >> he didn't say anything. he was typing away >> um, service now, this is a name that i mentioned before i am in the stock. pull back very nicely in may to the 50 h f day bounce off of that it did not bounce back its got a nice pattern of highs and lows >> roku is on a tear here. i like it. >> it is up 6% >> twilio which is my rocket fuel they continue to stay long keep

it was a gorgeous day it was a beautiful morning we met some friends and boston and. twenty three thousand runners and half a million spectators gathered for the boston marathon. karen brossard her husband and daughter which cheering a friend over the finish line. we were there for maybe ten or fifteen minutes all excited with the crowd watching everybody come through and suddenly it was this incredibly loud. explosion. there were seven of us there six of us were injured. one of their friends lost both of my legs that. i knew that my husband was pretty badly injured. my daughter had shrapnel from her hip. and i had trapped my legs. the two blasts injured over two hundred sixty people killed three including krystal campbell. and eight year old martin richard. police pursuit two brothers in a dramatic manhunt. getting at. twenty six year old tamar alonzo meyer was killed in a shootout. again later police captured the younger brother dzhokhar alive. cool. over the next few months karen braun in their daughter like many of the bombing victims had to undergo multiple surge

it was a gorgeous day it was a beautiful morning we met some friends in boston and. twenty three thousand runners and half a million spectators gathered for the boston marathon. karen brossard her husband and daughter which cheering a friend over the finish line. we were there for maybe ten or fifteen minutes all excited with the crowd watching everybody come through and suddenly it was this incredible loud. explosion. was. seven of us there six of us were injured. one of our friends lost both of my legs that. i knew that my husband was pretty badly injured. my daughter had shrapnel from her hip. and i had trapped. the two blasts injured over two hundred sixty people killed three including krystal campbell. and eight year old martin richard. police pursued two brothers in a dramatic manhunt. six year old tamar alonzo maya was killed in a shootout. a day later police captured the younger brother dzhokhar a life. over the next few months karen braun in their daughter like many of the bombing victims had to undergo multiple surgeries. going to try to not let this. i'm n

i love boston, but the weather.rom a kid coming out of abu dhabi where temperatures in the summer are north of 100 degrees to end up in boston, that was a tough, tough transition for me. i didn't know california. when i went to california after i graduated, i was like, darn, i should have started in california. david: did people say where is abu dhabi? your student friends? khaldoon: nobody had any idea about abu dhabi, the uae. second, the pronunciation of my name, i had a difficult name. the pronunciation in english is challenged by most friends in the united states, so i struggled with my name because people could not pronounce it. i became known as khaldoon. it is my american name. david: but you pronounce it another way. you can do that in yiddish, but not so much in arabic. khaldoon: i found that out. david: you have opened a museum. khaldoon: yes, it is beautiful. the art collection is remarkable. i think there is a bigger story. we are trying to push out of the uae a message of tolerance. ♪ david: you come b

and look, "the boston globe," none other than "the boston globe" saying it is time for this company tobroken up. >> right. trish: could it happen? >> okay. so i think they're using the analogy of remember at&t, was seen as public utility. trish: yes. >> there were different ways, for them to keep their monopoly in 1956. they had to license out a lot of their patents for free. eventually 30 years later they broke up at&t anyways. because they had too much control over the market. so the "boston globe" is saying, why don't you break out the individual businesses that google owns, break out android, break out youtube. break out the google advertising business. trish: when they become alphabet because there are so many difficult businesses -- a letter for each one, you might be on to something, "boston globe." good to see you. thank you so much. the dow off 127 points right now. meantime we're monitoring inspector general michael horowitz testimony on the explosive report on on the hillary clinton email. we'll bring you any heated exchanges. if they will happen, they will happen here. so d

i love boston, but the weather. from a kid coming from abu dhabi where the temperatures in the summer are 100 degrees to end up david: tough, a was tough tough transition for me. i went to california. i should have started in california. when you got to tufts, did people say, where is abu dhabi? khaldoon: number one, nobody had any idea about abu dhabi, the uae. second, the pronunciation of my name -- i have a very difficult name. khaldoon. kh, the pronunciation of this letter in english is challenged by most of my friends in the united states. i struggled with my name. i became known not as khaldoon but as caldoon. david: you can't do that in yiddish, but not so much arabic. khaldoon: i found that also. david: you have opened up and museum. khaldoon: it is beautiful. the art collection is remarkable. trying to pushe out of the uae a message of tolerance. ♪ david: you come back after college and you are looking for a job and wanted to do right after college echo -- right after college? khaldoon: back then, after col

in boston nearly three weeks had passed since our nails was found guilty but the federal jury had yet to make a decision about whether he should be put to death. karen went to the courthouse nearly every day. over the course of the trial she had become one of the main spokespersons in media contacts for the survivors. but for now there was nothing to do but wait. a minute suddenly a text from a clerk inside alerted her that the jury was close to a decision. they're going to be coming al of it starting any time now i would prefer it be you know and the death penalty just because i think that's a fair thing that right. is awful if that is. i think it's the just thing that's what i'm hoping. and we are coming on the air because the jury deciding the fate of boston marathon bombers will harden i have has reached a verdict. they have sentenced him to death. news of the verdict traveled fast that you know that there is still a long road ahead but right now it feels like we can take a breath and kind of. actually breathe again you know without even realizing you can hold your breath and once

i'm david faber at a starbucks in boston.oston yesterday, kevin johnson, the company's ceo presented an investment conference and reset the landscape for starbucks to a certain extent, delivering news that was not particularly positive for shareholders, namely 1% same-store sales growth expected in the u.s. for the third quarter. also reporting that china same-store sales growth has slowed significantly in the current quarter. and outlining a number of different initiatives to try to regain growth and hit those targets still out there for the company. its stock is down -- has been down as much as 6% this morning on that news earlier at this very same starbucks, we sat down with kevin johnson and i asked him about the transition from this growth trajectory and whether or not starbucks could be considered a more mature company and, therefore, should reset some of the expectations on the part of its shareholders here's what he had to say. >> i think we've got to be much more disciplined in setting our priorities we've got to be

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escaleras y evitar que los niÑos suban no es tan seguro cÓmo piensan por eso un hombre grabÓ a su hijo en bostondres, dicen que aunque intentÓ en varias ocasiones de hablar con el fabricante no ha recibido respuesta esto es lo que nos queremos despedir siempre con los niÑos en mente nos despedimos hasta maÑana, gracias. ( ♪ mÚsica ♪ ) ( ♪ mÚsica ♪ ) ( ♪ mÚsica ♪ ) ( ♪ mÚsica ♪ ) ( ♪ mÚsica ♪ ) ( ♪ mÚsica ♪ ) ( ♪ mÚsica ♪ ) ( ♪ mÚsica ♪ ) ♪ (mÚsica) ♪ . >> continÚan las voces. >> a las cinco. >> hola, quÉ tal, buenas tardes. >> gracias por hacernos el noticiero de su preferencia. >> siguen las fuertes crÍticas a la polÍtica que ha consternado tanto a demÓcratas como republicanos en todo el paÍs, con la polÍtica de cero tolerancia del gobierno de donald trump que incluye separar a niÑos de sus padres al llegar a la frontera. >> esto ha provocado indignaciÓn en el congreso y hay propuestas en la mesa pero no un camino claro para llegar a una soluciÓn, randy estÁ en la capital del paÍs con mÁs detalles. >> la serie de la patrulla fronteriza en la capital el martes un mar de mujeres llegaron a rezar

that fall judge will tool announced the trial would be held in boston. and we have two choices we can either let him stay alive and have his interaction and have his joys. or put him to die. and have that be the end of it. they don't get to see their little boy playing baseball anymore or reading him a story at night and in this young man is in jail and he's reading stories that he likes he's got books available to him that he enjoys or he meets with his sisters and gets to see pictures of their children growing up and i just don't think it's fair that they have had their their joys taken away from them and he still is able to experience that. care and decided to attend the trial. i want to be there to see. justice. in philadelphia nearly four years after vicki instils daughter shannon was murdered the police got a lead. in two thousand would there been a series of assaults started taking place in fort collins colorado they put out a report to police agencies all across the united states. so they sent the from shannon's case to fort collins. the d.n.a. w

that paul judge will tool announced the trial would be held in boston. and we have two choices we can either let him stay alive and have his interaction and have his joys. or put him to death and have that be the end of it. they don't get to see their little boy playing baseball anymore or reading him a story at night and in this young man is in jail and he's reading stories that he likes he's got books available to him that he enjoys or he meets with his sisters and gets to see pictures of their children growing up and i just don't think it's fair that they have had their their joys taken away from them and he still is able to experience that. care and decided to attend the trial. i want to be there to see. justice. in philadelphia nearly four years after vicki instils daughter shannon was murdered the police got a lead. in two thousand would there been a series of assaults started to your place fort collins colorado they put out a report to police agencies all across the united states. so they sent from shannon's case to fort called. the d.n.a. was a m

thank you to the boston public library for sponsoring the event. thank you to c-span books for covering it. they're here tonight. and my gratitude -- can everyone hear me okay? [inaudible conversations] and my particularratitu to renee graham, a stellar columnist for the boston globe. she'll be joining me later in the program, and she'll have questions for me, and then she and i both will take questions from the audience. so that's the format. i'll start for 25 minutes or so with an introduction so that i can bring some of the book's highlights to you. then re may and i'll go at it, and then we'll open the conversation for your questions. i've brought a few photos of material that illustrates my book, and i've also brought a few audio clips. these are brief excerpts from interviews that i conducted while i was working on the book. so on the morning of april 3rd of 1968, martin luther king jr. arrived at the airport in memphis, tennessee. as you see in this first photo. accompanying him were three of his close aides. from the left, andrew young, the

we go live to boston.sity school of law, and associate director of the immigrants' rights & human trafficking program at boston university. do you see a recognisable programme here by this administration, how to get more than two dozen kids back with their parents. i don't think any dna was taken, fingerprints, near these people don't speak english. absolutely. i don't see a comprehends if programme to reunite these children with their families. there are more than 2300 of them separated from their parents in the last six weeks alone. —— branson. the administrative does not appear to have a plan. do you think it will happen orfor to have a plan. do you think it will happen or for many of these families thatis happen or for many of these families that is it, they are broken up?|j hope that is not the case. many of these parents were given nothing more than a fly out with a one 800 number. i have heard from advocates and other attorneys that when pa rents and other attorneys that when parents or attorneys ca

but it was a gorgeous day it was a beautiful morning we met some friends in boston and. twenty three thousand runners and half a million spectators gathered for the boston marathon. karen brossard her husband and daughter which cheering a friend over the finish line. we were there for maybe ten or fifteen minutes all excited with the crowd watching everybody come through and the suddenly it was this incredibly loud. explosion. there were seven of us there six of us were injured. one of their friends lost both legs that. i knew that my husband was pretty badly injured. my daughter had shrapnel from her hip. and i had trapped. the two blasts injured over two hundred sixty people and killed three including krystal campbell. and eight year old martin richard. police pursuit two brothers in a dramatic manhunt. twenty six year old tamar alonzo meyer was killed in a shoot a. day later police captured the younger brother dzhokhar a life. cool. over the next few months karen braun in their daughter like many of the bombing victims had to undergo multiple surgeries. going to try t

environment team sonya dean she joins us from boston hi see you saw you there just getting wired up can you hear me. yeah i can hear you fine great ok well let's go with this the u.n. says that plastic pollution as you heard now report this there has become a planetary crisis what sort of solutions are being developed need to address this problem well i think the solution begins really from the bottom up so in that friends just people being aware of their plastic usage is really important so obviously reduce reuse recycle the same thing that we've been hearing for ages but at some point that needs to come to a policy level so the governments need to take action against plastics and develop policies which in some places are really happening we see in parts of africa or wanda kenya bans on plastic bags that are being very strictly enforced and in the e.u. for example the european union as well that they're looking at in fact planning to ban single use plastic the whole array of them so i think it starts from the bottom and moves through policy and hopefully can reach success not so we've