others who knew about the vulnerabilities or the sale of bot anytimes. but no one had the comprehensive overview. understanding these are black markets so things are going to try to be hidden from us. to make sure we're on the same page in terms of terminology, when we say cyber crime markets, we mean the collection of skilled, unskilled, suppliers, vendors, potential buyers for goods and services to facilitate digitally based crimes. and digitally based crimes are things like stealing e commerce accounts, theft of intellectual property, blueprints or marketing plans as well as takedowns of sites. spoiler alert. what we found is that these markets for cyber crime tools and stolen data were rapidly growing, maturing and continuously innovating, full of increasingly sophisticated people, products and methods for communicating and conducting business transactions. resilient to takedowns by law enforcement and constantly adapting to security vendors and security events personnel. it's truly a cat and mouse game. and easy for almost anyone to get involved in,