. >> bpa is of concern, because it looks like an estrogen. and it's been shown to have a weak estrogenic effect. and so if you're exposed to a chemical that might interfere with your hormone levels, in this case your estrogen, that can have effects, particularly if it happens during development. >> and there is preliminary data that says that it may in fact directly--an early life exposure might directly increase the risk of breast cancer in animals. >> if there are chemicals that affect the development of the breast even before birth, if there are chemicals that cause breast tumors in animals, these are chemicals that we want to be worried about and start thinking about reducing exposure. >> in addition to breast cancer, bpa may be associated with genetic damage and a wide variety of reproductive, metabolic, behavioral, and developmental problems. it's one of the top industrial chemicals in the world. about 6 billion pounds of bpa are produced globally each year, earning manufacturers a profit of some $8 billion. >> we've made some progress

. >> bpa. we had a whole movement about removing bpa from other items.our body in different ways. that's why this study is important. we need to look at this. over 85,000 chemicals. what we need to do is we need to pay more attention to what is in these chemicals. our manufacturers are paying more attention. but there needs to be more checks and balances on this as well. >> soaps and shampoo. a lot of people tend to go with more natural ingredients. sun tan lotion having so many different chemicals. should we go natural to avoid putting ourselves at risk. >> there is never an excuse to try to go natural. you want to eat fresh fruits and vegetables. avoid things that have been processed or put in containers. it is not to panic. we need to make smart choices. instead of plastic concerns, use glass or stainless steel. we have a lot of power. when manufacturers are seeing we're not consuming something they do make differences and changes. and that is powerful. >> dr. nina radcliff, thank you very much. >>> thank you. >>> ava va mother says she ordered a play

. >> if i tell you that bpa and carve continue the station at the preliminary report from a identity, they continued their investigation, and december 22014 v. w. test results and proposed a recalibration fix, is that i could? >> yes. >> vw initiate a voluntary recall of about 500,000 vehicles to try to do without recalibration issue. in a carb commenced testing to me six ugly 2015 carve commenced testing to discern whether the fix because he had proposed adequate and i truly fixed the underlying issue. me six through july 2015 on protesting for the recall what i'm getting at is july 8, test results were shared with vw at p prompt a series of tactical meetings are my understanding. and according in the course of those meetings, vw disclosed that there were several issues that jim one from gentoo on the 2050 model of the improved generation thread a second calibration ended in to run during, only during confirmatory testing through some knowledge at least in july of this year that there was some manipulation of software code with regards to testing, was there not? >> this meeting you a

the caller also raises a good point about bpa. .- about the epa the maximum fine is potentially $18 billion could even be more pending on how you read the statute. for general motors for not recalling 2.6 million vehicles, the maximum fine that they could impose was $35 million. now the administration would like to see that. ultimately it was the justice department that was able to find gm $900 million using the criminal statutes. clarify, $18 billion. , versus 300 million. so it was 900 million that they find gm, and ultimately they paid over $2 billion. that includes the civil penalties. could be paid $18 billion that does not even count for violating the clean air act. host: pam, also a vw owner. go ahead. caller: thank you for taking my call. we were so disappointed when we .ook our car that we had bought we spent more to buy enough for my son who is in college and he has to go back and forth to school quite regularly. also at the time of purchase we asked, you know, we are not familiar with diesel, is it a clean vehicle? i went out to the dealership some handholding and instead i was a