bradford snell contended that general motors, ford and chrysler really subverted urban transportation. first of all, they agreed to cooperate with each other. that is not to compete the way you are supposed to in a free market. then once they did that, together with other automotive interest groups, they combined together to subvert competitors to automobiles. specifically, general motors, firestone tire and rubber and standard oil founded a holding company called national city lines. and they really did this. and national city lines really bought up the electric street railways in several cities in america. and once it owned them, it then scrapped them and had them replaced with general motors buses on which we're riding on firestone tires and burning standard oil fuel. and all of this is true. and, in fact, there was an antitrust lawsuit filed against the conspirators here and they were found guilty of one count of conspiracy against competition. they were fined. but where this falls short as an explanation is that by the time national city lines bought up electric street railways i