that's the principle that comes the brandenburg case. it was articulated by brandeis in witney, and it makes america, as salman rushdie said the most speech protective country in the world. and on our first panel, we're going to explore the history of that shining idea with three of america's greatest history wins of freedom of speech. and i'm so excited for t conversation we have, jake and rtin gamma from the future of free speech project, ail ama from yale law school, steve solomon from nyu and jacob rosenbaum. i want jump right in and first say that your book fe speech a history from socrates to social media, i think is the clearest and best history of the evolion of the idea that i've ad and i want to begin by aski you, where did it come from? the rase that we must have the freedom to speak as we will and ink as we speak you teach came from tacitus, the roman hiorian, and it s the picked up spinoza i learned from your book and then artilated cato's letters the great whig revolutionary theorists, who inspired jefferson. tell us more a

the zhykhars of brandenburg and frankfurt are not on fire. names of the gatichnyh kastselaў b'yuts nesupynna. on the german lands there are troops from the distant land, the vyalika principality of lithuania. previously, the burghers sent their sons there at the knight's march, and they returned from rich houses. and then the forces and sword of lithuania fell on the heads of the germans themselves. at the beginning of the lithuanian army, the leader of the army was david garadzenski. geta yago's triumph and the most amazing military campaign, the peak of glory and the tragic end of vayar. 14 stagodjo. the young kingdom of lithuania is attacked by kryzhaks from the vayinichaga of the teutonic order. finger garada, work, forget. trytanne. rubles, how will we save our gas supplies? it is extraordinary that such outcries delight the able-bodied people. vaina, and its elements. in the vineyard, yak fish and wadze. such would be the garadzensky leader david. who has pulled it out, who has learned how to shake the sword and shake it in the saddle.

robberies of brandenburg. 1200 at the beginning of the former allied poland with david garadzenski, thesian lands began and appeared in the immediate surroundings of berlin, in the very scenes of the fortress of brandenburg. good things came to shorah yana. the daytonian guardians of the little apostle of lithuania, and what should they write? the order's plans to gain a powerful position in the royal principalities were pressed upon the adklassie. and it’s all right with david. for a rat it would be like a bone in the throat. paўsul dze vayar z'yaўlyaetstsa, deўtontsaў chakae paraza. and that’s already two decades ago. first name david garadzensky thundered throughout christian europe. yong is right. so manahi-kryzhaki tlumachyli talent garadzenskaga vayar, apraўdvayuchy svayu nezadolnast yago peramagchy. the attempt was made to resolve the issue cardinally. new disputes with david were feared, and here the noble polish nobles, andrzej gost, a knight from david's troops. who knows what was going on with them? maybe kryuda na litvina, or maybe abjatsan ganaraar. ale ў ў nіku ў ў ў ў ў o

the program: the route was built on the belarus tv channel 24. year 1326 years in the vicinity of brandenburgkfurt on odary not on the heat of the sleeping one. they are called the gatichny kastselas, who are born without a son, in the german lands, troops from a distant land, the vyalika principality of lithuania, are storming. previously, the burghers sent their sons there on knightly marches, and the yans walked away with rich fortunes, and then the dzids and the sword of the lithuanians fell on the heads of the germans themselves. at the beginning of the lithuanian army, the warrior david garadzenski was known, this was his triumph and the most beautiful military campaign. the peak of glory and the tragic end of vayar. 14 stagodja. the young yashche of the principality of lithuania pastajanna attacked the kryzhaks from the vayunichaga teutonskag. orders, garads, slaves, forgetters, tortured shirts, how do we save our sovereignty? it is extraordinary that such outcries delight the able-bodied people. vaina is its element. in vaina, yany yak fish ў vadze. such would be the garadzensky leade

in 1326, he launched a bold attack on the order's ally, the county of brandenburg. 1200 tops, at thecollapse of the prussian lands began and appeared in the immediate vicinity of berlin, at the very scenes of the fortress of branden burg. shorahuў. they brought good things. the daytonian repository of the small apostles of lithuania's violence and cruelty. why should i write? the order's plans to gain a powerful right and the powerful principalities were crushed by the adclases. and it’s all right with david. for kryzhakov he was like a bone in the throat. paўsul dze vayar z'yaўlyaetstsa, deўtontsaў chakae paraza. and it’s been like that for two decades now. the name of david garadzensky thundered throughout christian europe. yong sells his soul to the devil. so manahi-kryzhaki tlumachyli talent garadzenskaga vayar, apraўdvayuchy svayu nezadolnast yago peramagchy. the attempt was made to resolve the issue cardinally. new disputes with david were feared, and here the noble polish nobles, andrzej gost, a knight from david's troops. who knows what was going on with them? maybe kryuda na

the year is 1326, the heat of brandenburg and frankfurt on odar is not in the heat of the fire, theytichny kascelaus, they are not born, on the german lands the troops from a distant land are raging, the vyalika prince of lithuania. previously, the burghers straightened out. there, their sons at the knightly marches and yans rushed from rich houses, and here the castles and the sword of the lithuanians fell on the heads of the germans themselves. at the beginning of the lithuanian army, the leader of the army was david garadzenski. geta igo triumph and the most dzer military campaign, the peak of glory and the tragic end of vayar. 14 stagodjo. the young kingdom of lithuania is being attacked by kryzhaks from the capital of teutonsk. orders, garads, slaves, forgetters, tortured shirts, how do we save our sovereignty? it is extraordinary that such outcries delight the able-bodied people. vaina is its element. in vaina, yany yak fish ў vadze. such would be the garadzensky leader david. who has pulled it out, who has learned how to shake a sword and shake a saddle? unfortunately, the doc

in 1326, he launched a bold attack on the order's ally, the robbery of brandenburg. 1200 tops at the the waste of timber and appeared in the immediate surroundings of berlin, in the very scenes of the fortress of branden burg. the yans imposed shorah. little apіsvalі dzikasts i zhorstkast lithuania, and what should i write? the order's plans to gain a powerful right to the weak principalities were crushed by adklassi and all the rights of david's head, for the kryzhakov he was like a bone in the throat, the pausul dze vayar z'yaulyaetstsa, the deutonsian parasite. and that’s already two decades ago. the name of david garadzensky thundered throughout christian europe. so manahi, kryzhaki tlumachyli talent garadzenskaga vayara, and right now our undesirable yago peramagchy. the attempt was made to resolve the issue cardinally. they were afraid of new troubles with david, and here they are polish nobles, andrzej gost, knight from the army of david. who knows what was going on with them? maybe kryuda na litvina, or maybe abjatsan ganaraar. ale ў ў nіku ў ў ў ў ў on the backswing. the pla

ok said p, these chief financial officer results so that the brandenburg pilot project received nearly 11000000 euros and public financing. nearly a 100000000 years were invested in the pilot pond to know and the company has even bigger plans in store planning. we're planning about 5 gigawatts of solar cell production stuff, and also module manufacturing to go along with that. we're, we're still evaluating various locations to evaluate subsidies and other incentives also play a role in those evaluations. many countries hope that cutting edge technologies control the scanning the, say, the level, the new works with giga factory be built in year. it will the us so i get this comes closet of us is already given some concrete numbers in the installation reduction act, where there was mention of one trillion dollars and amount. that's hard to imagine . i know many of the time and should the you try to compete with that discussions and negotiations underway behind closed doors and the stakes a high for now at least energy from the sun is the cheapest and most important tool for renewable ene

but a business from the german state of brandenburg wants to challenge china because they can feed them on price. they are aiming for efficiency, its energy from the sun. jasmine subsidies help bring the technology on line then. so to manufacturing these to china. now new technical innovations could help every ton represent here is the world's largest most efficient solar. so just time for a trial run on just one machine today. so the cameras, these next generation side of the sales are slated to go into series production that's being held as a technological revolution. one that will increase energy output by 20 percent. our concept was to make a different source of material that would be less expensive to produce, but also be better adapted to the suns, spectra, colors and sun specs. and then we decide to combine it with the existing technology silicon by layering a 2nd solar cell in a very thin layer on top. this pilot plant to be expanded to deliver up to $10000000.00 solar cells a year. and demand is high on going invest, everyone's talking about green hydrogen, but the hydrogen has

of the start of a peaceful settlement took place in the very center of berlin, at a rally at the brandenburgrs came to about 2000 people, with the declared ones. spending on pumping up weapons for the kiev regime. a new russian military satellite was launched into low-earth orbit, delivered there by a soyuz launch vehicle. the launch took place the night before from the plesetsk cosmodrome. the ministry of defense reported that a stable connection has been established and maintained with the device. all onboard systems are operating as normal, and our military has begun analyzing and processing information about the new space object. movement of all types of transport along the trans-caucasus highway, suspended due to bad weather, the ban will remain in effect until further notice from the ministry of emergency situations. the storm warning was extended in kuban; due to strong winds off the coast of the taganrok bay and the sea of ​​azov in the yeisk region, a sharp rise in water levels is predicted, it could reach dangerous levels, rescuers warn. let me remind you earlier. showers and stron

resolute president stood in front of the brandenburg gate and said, mr gorbachev, tear down this wall, and down that wall came. it is our responsibility to carry this torch. it's not a responsibility that we should run from. it's a responsibility that we should welcome that. that we have an opportunity to make a difference. so there's going to be a lot that happens in this country over the next weeks and months. but i'll tell you this, i will get the job done as your nominee. we will not only win the presidency, we will win the congress, we'll win the senate. we'll win state legislatures and school boards just like we did in the state of florida as a leader. i always conduct myself in a way that you can be proud of. and as your president, i promise you this, i will not let you down. god bless you all. thank you. keep up the great work florida is the model. ♪ we know how to get it done. thank you so much. god bless you all. thank you. thank you so much. ♪ [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2023] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is respon

the red flag is hauled down over the brandenburg. and. the red army intervenes the red flag is hauled down over the brandenburg gate. the red army intervenes. soviet berlin. after 30 years of nazi ism and eight years of communi sticks and stones prove useless against soviet tanks for east berlin after 13 years of nazism and eight years of communism, one glorious date of freedom, a red flag goes up. for -- christian finally sees that just to split the triumvirate and take over barriers police power. he is accused of treason by his failure to the uprising and is arrested. khrushchev says it has now been established that this villain had climbed up the government letter over an untold number of corpses. he is executed. now a secretary general of the party, khrushchev follows in the footsteps of his predecessors. premier melon cough is disgraced and forced to design. his successor nikolai here with marshall the cuff is a khrushchev puppet and khrushchev soon succeeds in. molotov is banished. then in a maneuver that astounds the world apparent

here, katie, is how restrictive or broadly they read the language of the supreme court case in brandenburgohio. in that case, the leading first amendment case, it says that people are protected by the first amendment even for incendiary rhetoric unless there is an imminent likelihood that it will incite violence. the american civil liberties union and trump has said that these gag orders, both new york and d.c., are too broad. they have to be limited to the insight imminent violence language. i tend to agree. i think that the court order said that you can't target or can't say disparaging things. that's not really consistent with the first amendment imminent incitement of violence. i think the court of appeals in both cases should say that gag orders are appropriate if nicely tailored to the language of brandenburg. otherwise, i think they are going to have a problem sustaining the gag orders. >> yeah, michael, isn't this a tried and true concept? we have seen evidence that when donald trump speaks, sometimes directly, sometimes in code, violence does ensue. i understand and respect the fi

in germany, the brandenburg gate was lit up with the word "never again is now." it's part of the commemoration of the 85th anniversary of night of broken glass when naziies terrorized jews. this brings added significance to this year's observance. doug williams starts things off from tel aviv. good morning. >> reporter: anne-marie, good morning. israeli forces in a briefing last night emphasized that these pauses are not a cease-fire and are not far from what they say they've already been doing to try and get civilians out of northern gaza. they estimate that 80,000 civilians fled just yesterday. negotiations on more hostage exchanges and days of peace at a time continue. for now, so does the violence. blasts shake northern gaza again friday morning. the israeli forces have also released videos that claim to show them holding off on some air strikes including this target where an official says children are present. yesterday the biden administration announced that israel has agreed to daily four-hour pauses in the fighting. >> there will be two corridors allowing

gold venetian ducats, czechins, as well as silesian, hungarian, brandenburg and other german coins are in circulation. over time, new big ones take root silver coins, mainly dutch, thalers, which later received the more familiar name of the dollar, one thaler was equal to 3 zlotys. spending hard-earned money was the least a cossack could do in the war trade of that time, preparing for a new campaign. for example, a horse would cost up to 70 zlotys, and a saddle would cost another 6-8 zlotys. the saber, without which it was worth nothing, zlotys. as for clothing, a new hat in the 17th century was half a zloty, and a warm winter coat was as much as five. do you want to celebrate the new arrival with your friends? half a zloty is a bucket of vodka from you, well, we have dealt with the event, the turks were dealt with, and the tsar of moscow could be hired, and he himself expressed a desire easily. for example, even in 1592, the famous prince bayda vyshnevetskyi, whose army partly included cossacks, was of course in the service of the moscow tsar, and went to azov, on the other hand, the

be with the tv channel belarus 24. year 1326 years in the city of brandenburg and frankfurt on odarys of the gatichnyh kastselaў b'yuts nesupynna. troops from distant lands are storming across the german lands. vyalikag prince. litouska. previously, the burghers sent their sons there at the knightly marches, and the yans walked away with rich fortunes, and then the dzids and the sword of the lithuanians fell on the heads of the germans themselves. at the beginning of the lithuanian army, the warrior david garadzenski is known, this is his triumph and the greatest military campaign, the peak of glory, and the tragic end of vayar. 14 stagodja. young yashche of the principality of lithuania pastayanna. kryzhaks attack from the ancient teutonic order, firing the garades, working, forgetting, torturing our shirts, how will we save our kingdom? it is extraordinary that such outcries delight the able-bodied people. vaina, and its elements. in the vineyard, yak fish and wadze. such was the garadzensky leader david. who has pulled it out, who has learned how to shake the sword and shake it in

pasta in the hans mountains. shortly after the 2nd world war, he visited relatives and how the in brandenburg following the battle in and around the town. in april 1945, 40000 were buried in local forests, fields, and from jones ties been asked to be transferred to home. but when he began listing these make shift grades with the help of the judge regional authorities and local businessmen, he created permanent and dignified, resting places for the phone, and it became one of jam and his launches cemeteries for the casualties of war. perhaps the items in the suitcases belong to someone buried in the cemetery. they might also have a special significance for someone still alive. vehicles now to the new degree. most of the don't tags belonging to members of the old gym and ami registered in the federal. all kinds and bell in this is a 1st concrete lee. yeah. i was. that's why 2 soldiers to evidently killed departments. only one happened to attack this. i don't know if you have the other half would be left on the body. i'm to read this right of today i received my husbands identification tugs and

students from the brandenburg university of technology are also monitoring the project to learn more. they're using sensors to study the micro climate under the modules. they measure light intensity humidity and the temperature both in the air and the soil around the plants, roots us into some debts and see at regular intervals. they also measure the rain that's been collected in these containers, wisconsin, so you can see how much the solar panels expand, the surface area protection rainwater would, would be i'm 50 state and we've noticed that in colder times of year, it's significantly warmer, under the modules and in the open air, on average, it's $1.00 to $2.00 degrees warmer under the modules. and we found that during dry spells, it's significantly temper under the modules in the open air force, the effects of to oftentimes they have animals also feel comfortable in the shade of the silver modules. the piles are driven into the ground and are sturdy enough to withstand changing weather. so there's no need for a concrete floor. the structures serve as airy, lights sealed, shirts f

a yes, this is a ruling by a high regional court brandenburg. it can still be overturned by the next level at the same time. it's a very important key routing because it is essentially telling the government that we just talked about a lot of 1st steps in terms of climate change that has to go the full way in terms of its own commitments. it towards saving it. t is c o 2 costing down on those emissions. and the routing here relates particularly to the building on transport, sexed with a government for the past 2 years, failed to meet its own targets by millions of tons of c o. 2 emitted and here the cost is saying these are firm commitments and the needs to be an ad hoc program. so essentially the government has to spend more money on how to do it right now to cut those emissions in this particular 6th. uh, where is the government had tried to avoid having to meet individual targets by 6 step by essentially saying, we'll do a pro program. we would differentiate the quote is bringing the government back to its initial legal commitment to now this

students from the brandenburg university of technology are also monitoring the project to learn more. they're using sensors to study the micro climate. under the modules, they measure light intensity humidity, and the temperature both in the air and the soil around the plants. roots got us into some debts and see at regular intervals. they also measure the rain that's been collected in these containers, wisconsin, so i can see how much the solar panels expand, the surface area for catching rainwater will do in the, on 50 state. and we've noticed that encoder times of the year, it's significantly warmer, under the modules and in the open air, on average, it's $1.00 to $2.00 degrees warmer under the modules. and we found that during dry spells, it's significantly damper under the modules in the open air points to f as off the off and then they have animals also feel comfortable in the shade of the silver modules. the piles are driven into the ground and are sturdy enough to withstand changing weather. so there's no need for a concrete floor. the structures serve as airy, light field she

we see hatred rising we have all responsibility to meet the promise of the words that lit up the brandenburgl must be able to defend itself against terror, restore it security, and bring the hostages home. but there are many things that israel must do as part of its response. we have been clear that they must act within international law. they must take all measures to protect innocent civilians, including hospitals, stop extremist violence in the west bank, and allow more aid into gaza. mahmud bass, the president of the palestinian authority, described to be the terrible suffering of the palestinian people. too many civilians are losing their lives. that is why i have doubled our aid to gaza and while we continue to press, both at the united nations and directly with israel, for unhindered humanitarian access and urgent and substantive humanitarian pauses. we want aid coming in by land, airand sea. we pauses. we want aid coming in by land, air and sea. we are ready to use our bases in cyprus as a staging post. alleviating the suffering is our foremost priority. post. alleviating the sufferi

are a 100% confident that the supreme court got it right in these cases decided 50 years ago like brandenburg or the pentagon papers case or new york times versus sullivan, even if you feel in your bones at those decisions were 100% right, there is still a hard task in applying those principles to this very different factual landscape that we are dealing with now. you can believe in the first amendment and in those principles implicitly and still not know how some of these cases should come out. i think that the net price cases, which have been alluded to a couple of times without actually being identified, there are two cases out of florida and texas which have new social media laws that regulate social media openings. they require the companies to carry some content even when the companies don't want to carry it, and they also require the companies to be more transparent about their content moderation policies than they would like. this question of how to apply 50-year-old president like -- precedent social media companies is not straightforward. if you read tornillo to me and the governmen

fire that burned at the foot of the berlin wall when a resolute president stood in front of the brandenburgorbachev, tear down this wall. and down that wall came. [applause] it is our responsibility to carry this torch. not a responsibility that we should run from tickets a responsibility that we should welcome, that we have an opportunity to make a difference. there's going to be a lot that happens in this country over the next weeks and months, but i'll tell you this, i will get the job done as your nominee. we will not only win the presidency, we will win the congress can we will win the seneca we will win state legislatures and school boards just like we did in the state of florida. as a leader of his conduct myself in a way that you can be proud of, and as your president i promise you this, i will not let you down. god bless you all. thank you. keep up the great work. florida is the model. we know how to get it done. thank you so much. [applause] god bless you all. thank you. thank you so much. ♪ down and sweet florida ♪ ♪ he's shooting us straight, telling us the truth ♪ ♪ yeah, that'

march with calls for peace in the middle east are now taking place in berlin at the brandenburg gate.tested in the capital of yemen. the participants demand that, following the humanitarian pause, a full ceasefire should occur in the gas strip. in the united states, pro-palestinian demonstrators disturbed vacationer joe biden, who after the beach went for a walk on the island of nantucket. protesters. slogans to give freedom to palestine and stop the supply of weapons to israel. on other topics, anomalous cooling is expected in several regions of russia at once. frosts until -25 will descend on the northwestern district this weekend. a new blow of bad weather is expected in the capital. today the precipitation is not as heavy as the day before, but tomorrow evening the megapolis will be in the grip of snow. cyclone. the residents of sevastopol also experience the vagaries of nature. the rains washed out the retaining wall along the road and it eventually collapsed. and in kuban, due to a powerful downpour , a river in the hot spring area overflowed its banks. streets and houses were f

instructors, then, too , instructors were trained at first, and then they were included in the brandenburge transcripts of the interrogation of officer abvar erwin stolz. on my instructions, bandera began organizing rebel groups in ukraine, with the task of armed struggle against the red army and the seizure of some important objects, including the krogobych oil sources. but together with bandera it was accepted. the first monstrous action of ukrainian nationalists occurred a week after the start of the german invasion of the ussr. on june 30, 1941, upa detachments burst into lev together with german units and carried out a bloody massacre of civilians . the colors of the intelligentsia, the highest intelligentsia, which is noteworthy, the german troops were amazed at the cruelty that they saw from banderravtsy. mass brutal murders of jews right on the central streets of the city will become a harbinger of the so-called execution holocaust, in which the oun punitive detachments will play one of the main roles; there flowed, well, not rivers, but streams of blood. in the streets because of

the red flag is hauled down over the brandenburg. and. the red army intervenes and. sticks and stones prove useless against soviet tanks for east berlin. after 30 years of nazi ism and eight years of communism, one glorious day of freedom a red flag goes up for secret police. beria berlin sounds a death knell. khrushchev finally sees the to split the triumvirate and take over barriers police power among charges barriers accused of treason. his failure to foresee the uprising and is arrested. khrushchev says it has now been established that. this villain had climbed up the government over an untold number of corpses. beria is executed now as secretary general. the party khrushchev follows in the footsteps of his predecessors the opposition premier malenkov on khrushchev's right is disgraced and forced to resign is successor nikolai boogeyman here with marshal zhukov as a khrushchev puppet, and khrushchev soon succeeds him molotov, has banished khrushchev staff's key posts, but his own followers then in a maneuver that astounds the world. apparently in order to conceal