britain. a suggested to him to get into america. in the intellectual circles in philadelphia he was the editor of a small magazine called the pennsylvania magazine and a writer and the american revolution and the struggle for independence and he wrote the crisis papers. lesser known as he went to france and became an important spokesman for the french revolutionaries to be a really great champion to the speaking world and the case for the revolution in france to the british american audiences. he was a break with the past in order to undo the terrible injustice is that the european regimes in his view were coming in their people and he wanted always to find ways to apply the right political principle in society to we think of them as one of the founders but he was more radical than the american revolution in some ways much more at home and the french revolution he thought it was one of the fathers of modern radicalism and some aspects of the modern left. >> host: which brings us of the title of your book the great debate. >> guest:

in a way, britain and his time was much more free and equal than continental europe, and much less so than america. as he acknowledged in both cases. burke was an early opponent of slavery. it was easier to be one in britain than in america because basically already had stopped. but he was. he was one of the first signatories of the wilberforce petition, and so on. burke recognizes the different societies exist in different circumstances. certainly part of his argument is about the particular genius of what he called the english constitution, which is not a written constitution by the whole system that include an important class of employment that he thought had its merits. he was not a defender of the status quo per se. he was not an opponent of all change to the -- he had done it himself. he came from what we would think of as a middle-class family and not just a middle-class come by at an irish middle-class family. and natively to the upper tiers of the british political system. and wanted the way to be open to other people to do the same. but he did live there was a kind of stabilizing influen

america. as he acknowledged in both cases. burke's argument -- burke was an early opponent of slavery. it was easier to be one in britain than america because it is sickly at already stuff but he was. he was one of the first signatories of the wilberforce and so on. burke recognizes that different societies exist in different circumstances. certainly part of his argument is about the project are genius of what he calls the english constitution which is not a written constitution but a whole system that included an important class of employment that he thought had its merits. he was not a defender of the status quo per se. he was not an opponent of all change. he had done it himself. he came from what we think of as a middle-class family and not just a middle-class but in irish middle-class family and made it to the upper tiers of the english political system. and they wanted the way to be open to other people do the same buddy to believe there is a stabilizing influence of the aristocracy that made the british open to his way of thinking about free society in ways that were essential. he thought the french could have sa

in a way britain in its time was much more free and equal than continental europe and much less so than america. a sea of knowledge in both cases. burke was an early opponent of slavery. it was easier to be one in britain than america and he basically already had stopped but he was. he was one of the first signatories of the wilberforce petition and so on. burke recognizes that different societies exist in different circumstances. certainly part of his argument is about the particular genius of what he calls the constitution which is not a written constitution by the whole system that included an important class that had its merits. he is not a defender of the status quo per se. he was not for -- an opponent of the notion that people could rise to that system. he had done it himself reidy came from a week think of as a middle-class family and not just a middle-class family but an irish middle-class family and made it to the upper tiers of the british political system. he wanted the way to be open to other people who did the same. he did believe there was a stabilized and influence of the aristo

britain america's patients are the syrian opposition members seems to be wearing thin the threatening to rethink their support if its main function decides against attending next week's geneva peace talks another potential play meantime in the region has participations in the air is a ram now with russia in the u.s. presence but washington sending mixed signals about it let's go to hillary mann leverett she's an expert on iran and u.s. foreign policy she says if washington truly wanted to solve the syrian crisis it would take a different approach. what it demonstrates is a real incoherence in strategy and policy coming out of washington out of london out of paris which seeks to somehow not just have a negotiation but to have essentially a table where syria just comes to surrender and that's not something serious going to do that's not something iran is going to support i don't think that's something that russia or the vast majority of countries around the world would support but that is essentially what washington london and paris are trying to do but it ends up being incoherent becau

pm here in moscow now britain america's patience with the syrian opposition members seems to be wearing thin they vote for them to rethink their support if it's main function side against attending next week's geneva peace talks and another potential player in the region to his participation is in the area ran with russia at the u.n. urging to runs presence but then washington sending mixed signals later yesterday so well this on the prospects for it hillary mann leverett some a lot an expert on iran and us foreign policy issues in washington either thanks to take the time to be with us from the u.n. secretary general just reiterated his support for a big there he thinks they could be a key player surely that's enough to get them there isn't it all not. well unfortunately at this point it's not at this point both russia and the united states have essentially power on who may attend on which delegates may tenth delegations may attend russia's and the united states. that's right but the united states is not so at this point the united states is blocking iran's participation so will what w

britain. and it's really i think it backfired significantly on the obama administration. it's also the wrong message to be sending. i am of the view that it is in america's interest for britain to be outside of the european union. a free briton that is able to stand shoulder to shoulder with the united states that is not shackled to brussels is in the u.s. national interest. and i do think that the entire message is being sent by washington at the moment to britain is completely the wrong message and is also of course seen by many british people and has interference in an internal political debate. so on both scores i finca administration is rather short itself and foot. >> if you could raise your hand and identify yourself. some kind of the heritage foundation. i wanted to ask mr. thompson now you've got this political problem within the republican party, you've got the tea party that some on last weekend said really didn't want to modify the gop. it wants to destroy it and maybe replace its. how do the conservatives here in the economic and defense national conservatives responding without either blowing the coalition apart or the sort of problem that

despite being widely tipped for a rematch with britain's month titled america the thirty one year old daycare they won gold in the five thousand and ten thousand of the two thousand and eight making it and takes in the book chubby cheeks that but in the four ninety eight. much to the spike in the long distance double of the twenty twelve london games and lost his boat chartered ships in moscow. so she and the export rebate has reached a digital photo doesn't consider using one hundred and twenty three day journey across russia fourteen in the woods today the torch bearers were the champions of reading the text. he leaned across the dinner. brees has been designed to ensure that the rumblings in the sense of russia's population. he wanted to know that we needed some states that all you folks in the water to those living with the kids to participate in the event tombs. you all. bush's new system. instead of a statistical institute. two contests. here are the fuss is getting sucked. last week don't apply. the eu. two. by the number one find out more about what you said to school at www.

britain and america in 1820, later germany and france, economies that remained well functioning to the middle of the 20th century. they were the marvel of the world, the wonder was not so much the high wages and wealth, there was rampant prosperity, material and nonmaterial. mark twain spoke of the drive and push and rushed and struggle of the raging, tearing, booming nineteenth century. one kind of prosperity was classical. modern economies were achieving growth of economic knowledge, growth of productivity, if wage rates and working conditions were constantly improving throughout the economy. and ride the rising tide. and non modern economies to trade and technological transfers tap into that prosperity. in order to catch up. another kind of prosperity was modern and the key importance. there were gains in one's earning power from one's new insights and skills and gains in one's satisfaction from new experiences in one's work. these gains, material and nonmaterial are rewards initiating and creating. they represent succeeding or the term i will use, prospering, modern nations could n

i think -- to me, it's moved so fast in britain and america. this debate.interesting, isn't it, richard, that even in -- you talk about russia before in quite scathing terms, but the fact they're still prepared to have a law outlawing homosexuality, as the rest of the civilized world moves on -- >> right, but -- >> although they would say they're not outlawing homosexuality. if you would ask president putin, he said that's not what we're doing. he said we're outlawing the propaganda of nontraditional sexual relations. >> but i think he's going to back-pedal. >> you do? >> he already has. he said people can protest -- >> i would imagine, there are going to be some gay athletes who are going to make a stand. >> i think there will be gay and straight athletes wearing the rainbow ribbon, for sure. and what's interesting about sochi, historically, one of the most tolerant cities for gays in all of russia. it's the place where they would go in terms of going for a resort. and one of the coolest nightclubs for gays is in sochi. >> how do you know that? >> i watch

left right divide which we find in an intense idea logical debate that was taking place in britain and americad of the 18th century. when we identify with the american revolution an french revolution. but it is also about a struggle to define the free society, the struggle about the tension between progress and tradition that is still very much with us. it can be difficult to discern beneath the intense debates about particular policy questions that our politics are about. >> why this debate, this particular-- there were others who were writing, who were thinking why these two men, burke and paine. >> in a way the back looks at the broader debate that gripped anglo-american politics at the time by looking through the eyes of these two very prominent and very interesting participants in the debate. edmund burke is thought of as one of the fathers of modern conservatism. thomas paine one of the fathers of modern radicalism, they engaged one another. to see it as a debate they were contemporaries, knew each other, exchanged letters and especially important public writers, essays, they tried to an

were surrounded by western colonial pars, the a.b.c.d., my countrymen were involved in this, america, britain, -- >> china -- >> chinese and netherlands, and that japan had the perfect right to defend its interests in asia, and interests in china, and they were surrounded by western powers who didn't want japan to have its moment in the sun. so they were driven by economic boycotts and that kind of thing. they had to do it. and then, of course, we can also talk about that. the americans kind of -- this is the myth-again -- the americans forced their hand. >> the a.b.c.d. -- a class explanation for many of the origins, kaiser's germany, world war i, complained about it very much and that was very much on the japanese mind as well. the fact that the wartime government made use of that narrative -- tojo in fact gave a speech on the day of the pearl harbor attack that japan -- >> the prime minister. >> prime minister. japan entered the world war reluctantly despite all the nation's past efforts at trying to achieve peace in east asia. went hand in hand with this larger regional asia peace, the co

is international welcome by the way to see from edward snowden suggests it was britain's cyber spying. that showed america's and a say how to monitor facebook and twitter without consent as europe mocks days of protection day which is supposed to show you citizens how to keep debt online data away from prying eyes all his point to point out looks at how effective that's likely to be. happy data protection day you might not know it but january twenty eighth marks the day when governments try to raise awareness about how to protect yourself online the european commission has even made this video warning that what we reveal on the net could strip us of our privacy. and yet over the past eight months revelations by edward snowden have exposed must global surveillance conducted by the u.s.a.'s national security agency and often in conjunction with its european partners makes them look a bit stupid if they actually tackle the larger problem is that data protection is important by the way people spying on you i mean it's just according to the snowden leaks the n.s.a. is prism program collects the data directly fro

america map china. they did what countries to map themselves. for italy mapped argentina and britainapped the united states i think. and eventually the maps started coming out, but by 1984, the effort, they produce 1600. there were still 200 to go. it was now under the auspices of the united nations and they said let's abandon it. let's not continue. the only complete collection of 1600 maps of the world are in that map collection. so it's a great, great library, yes. >> well, if there is nobody else, thank you very much indeed for your time. it's been great, thank you. [applause] >> for more information visit the author's website, simonwinchester.com. >> the teachers are trying to close the gap. they are dealing with such a hard problem and in the book i write a disclaimer saying this is making the assumption that no one is going to fix anything outside the school. no one would've anything about the poverty, about the racism, anything. can you close the gap just -- but all the burden on the teachers and principals. so they are not getting that message. that's not what the -- the sch

britain. but clearly, that terrorist said, america is number 1. how much of a threat does al shabaab pose here in the home land and in east africa? >> antonio, this is a recruiting ground for al shabaab. fortunately for us, many of of those somalis, living in america, that could be a very big problem for some of our major cities. including washington, d.c, area, which has a large somali area, in d.c. proper, in northern virginia, cities like minneapolis, st. paul or even seattle. their recruiting areas have not been diminished anywhere in the world. >> we asked this reporter what he thought of al shabaab, and here is what they said: >> they told me they appreciate bringing law and order. i asked local, what life is like now under the self appointed al shabaab rule? >> so he said, it's very good day and night it's a safe place we're e-not afraid, we don't hear gun shots. but does that appeal to somalis, they govern by fear but at least they bring some sort of order no matter how brutal it is? >> it is important to remember the context here. somalia

america is open to immigrants because it isn't simply britain. our way of life doesn't require that your family can trace its continuously. but that is not because our way of life is defined by abstract and supposed to our way of life is defined by the actual living existence of an incredibly free and open society that allows people to experiment with different ideas and be constantly influenced and changed and improved, provided that these ideas in these changes are grounded in an american idea of a free society. what ever does want to the third is that, that reality. not just the abstract i suppose. not just what we've may defend in the present, but the combination that makes possible a free society and history of the world in the most open. i think we can still integrate immigrants if only we tried to. the problem is we don't really try to. we not try to teach ourselves and are to teach outsiders about what american life is all about. i think we have a terrible failure of assimilation in our country. if we can address that, that we don't have

america from germany. tom clark a student from britain has stopped by this place on his way from australia well should i should i expect. that would be nice. because i'm curious. it's impossible to reach the mountain aided first time visitors especially journalists and for a nice have to meet one of the syrians closest associates led to new video only cuff for an introductory meeting. talk about syria no. matter what you don't think that he's god is just the representative god is god's word is that right yes the word of god on earth is he a reincarnation of jesus knows he was yes ok person was really hard for me because why he's saying is christ it makes a lot of enemies and things and i was looking looking deeper i couldn't find the answer and i did after a while and i don't want to have the answer to these questions because no one here knows no one i can regard say yes he's the christ it's just a belief christ. originally from belgium guert who's lived here for ten years was the first person we met in petra public. he married here and as he puts it himself found peace of mind. i was traveling before i was al

america from germany. tom clark a student from britain has stopped by this place on his way from australia well should i should i expect. that would be nice. because i'm curious. it's impossible to reach the mountain needed first time visitors especially journalists and foreigners have to meet one of the syrians closest associates led to new delhi cuff for an introductory meeting. with. talk about syria no. matter what you don't think that he's god is just the representative god is god's word on the right yes of the word of god on earth is he a reincarnation of jesus knows yes ok person was really hard for me because why are you saying it's christ that makes a lot of enemies and things and i was looking looking deeper i couldn't find the answer and i did after a while and then i don't want to have the answer to these questions because no one here knows no one can got to say yes he's the christ it's just a belief christ. originally from belgium guert who's lived here for ten years was the first person we met in petra probably. he married here and as he puts it himself found peace of mind i was travelling before

>> well, they were very successful in britain but no band from britain had ever made it really in americaese were four guys with strange haircuts who spoke funny and for them to come to america and have success over here was a huge deal. they said they would not come over until they had a number 1 in america and just before they came they had a number 1, i want to hold your hand. >> surprisingly, the death of john f. kennedy and the beatles were linked in time. >> the beatles were looking for something to bring some joy back, it was a very scary time. and a lot of people said the beatles hit right after the kennedy assassination, was a really success for america. >> the first beatles appearance, this was a tremendous boost to their career in the united states. what -- talk about the impact. >> sure. well, in 1964, in february '64 when they appeared on ed sullivan, ed sullivan was the show to tune into every week and families around the country tuned into it. there was no web, no multiple cable channels. that was it. for them to be sort of blessed by ed sullivan the reign being guy who was

america. and there is lieberman torian britain. britain.and tori in what did it represent and how strong is it? everyone knows that the ultimate power in iran is with the supreme leader. sent thathat he has said, let's see where these negotiations go. go make a deal. help me understand. talk fori have to hours. i think the election in iran that president rouhani was with a good majority that supported them is a clear -- thaton that iranians the iranian system works. we are experiencing a kind of democracy in the region that is unique. it should be appreciated. what happened in iran that should be seen by the international community is first of all, the iranian political system is alive. other countries have democracies, they have opponents, groups, different parties, and so on. people haveani and to support the islamic republic. the result of the election actually empowered irani and and is not -- and the islamic republic to continue with the iranians want and to be seen in the region and internationally as a power that can help th

the question was about britain but clearly that terrorist said that america is number 1. how much of a threat does al-shabab really pose here in the homeland or to american interests in east africa? >> there are hundreds of thousands of somalians living here in the united states, and that's a recruiting grown for al-shabab. fortunately most of them don't hate americans like al-shabab fie -- fighters do. but even recruiting a small group can pose a huge problem. it's a considerable problem, because their recruiting efforts have been not been diminished anywhere in the world. >> the report asked what they thought. >> reporter: the locals may not agree with al-shabab's military campaign, but they appreciate them for bringing law and order. i asked this man what life is like now under the self appointed al-shabab rule. >> so she said it's very good day and night it's a safe place. we're not afraid. we don't hear gunshots, but in [ technical difficulties ] >> small slice of the country, so there may be places where the kind of order that shabab brings is appreciated, but i don

credit there's only two or three countries the world the other aaa credit americas not aaa anymore a mostly euro zone is britain junk big oil is aaa credit it think about that with open transparent security creation and the ability to wipe out wall street with actual securities you're going to take algerian man to get truckloads of to point out this is fantastic. there is so little self reflection on the part of both them eric can public and them merican decision makers i wonder why is that we are in the continental saws country of three hundred fifteen million people very self-absorbed we are. saluted from the world by two large oceans. we tend to think of foreign policy is something we do to other people. rather than that that's something we participate in. it was supposed to be just another news or of course although admittedly for a special occasion it was one hundred twenty three days before the start of the winter olympic games in sochi and i was in greece for the lighting of the olympic flame the ruins of a limpia one of the most famous monuments of ancient greece the site of the very first olympic games

now there's news from britain britain which would be extremely .nteresting we're going to look at prisons in americahere you would not associate waterfalls for a prison backdrop. this is when the backup set can be chosen if they want to send a portrait back. >> my sister and i could go to the beach but our brother could not go with us. so, we posed in front of this painting of a beach and it made us feel more comfortable showing our friends the picture. we could say, this is our brother instead of saying this is our brother in prison. i am the author of prison landscapes which is a book about portrait studios in american prisons. the painted backdrops are used in the prison system make shots -- makeshift studios. the prison provides cameras and inmates volunteer to serve as photographers during visiting hours. the portraits are given to these visitors as gifts to take him to remember the faces of their son, daughter. i have invited hundreds of in thiss for inclusion collection. i have asked inmates if they could send me a caption that describes how they felt the moment the picture was being taken, t

lebanon is always a victim of other people's wars. 800,000 refugees and like britain coming to americant to say this peace conference, no one believes it's going to bring peace tomorrow. but it can address the conduct of the war. the conduct of the war in terms of the targeting of civilians. the conduct of the war in terms of the starving of people in alepo where they say it's okay to eat cats and dogs. i think very importantly to reach the refugees in the neighbor country and let me say this as well. the idea that this isn't going to affect us it seems to me to be wrong. one point of agreement between the u.s. and russia and western part of russia is toppling radicalism and the kind of incubations you have gotten inside syria and also trying to deliver refugee help and we are scratching the surface at this stage and the international response has been massively scaled off. >> let's talk about what that should be and what, at best, you think can come out of these talks and i also would like to know given the fact that you have people on the ground there a little bit more beyond the num

america has seen it quite well, britain, not so much. as you may have noticed, we had a few issues over there. that is fairly commendable. whatever your stance, though debate can be quite constructive. an alarming moment, even if you are not someone who believes snowden is a whistleblower, as i do, there was a very strange moment where the head of mis and my five head of mi5 was the head of asked to assess the chances of anyone like snowden in the human intelligence services and he dismissed it. as if it could not happen. it already had. there are a lot of documents amongst this material. the fact that he seemed to consider this a one-off event should terrify you. he evidently did not understand the question, let alone the risk. so i think whatever you think should be done, it is clear there are a lot of questions to still ask. >> it seems like a hallmark of cybersecurity reporting over the years has been the desire by government agencies and outside contractors to always heighten the risk. the sky is always about the -- is always about

britain. why don't i write the anatomy of america, based it on the structure of gray's anatomy, not the television program but the book which was published in 1856. it was organized in the cardiovascular system and this could work, the university's, the communications system and highways and arteries. and the skeleton is the bridge work. i was really stumped. and i would like to write a book about this country and the united states of america, the word united. how come america managed to keep itself with the exception of the miserable years in the 1860s, united, no large entity on the planet kept itself united in any truly coherent way. since the soviet union dissolved into a dozen middle states, canada, wonderful boy is, there is a great disgruntled frankowphone chung in the middle of it and as i get close to the canadian border the audience will get more restless and i will go to russia. i will tone that bit down. though viewers where i come from, we tried desperately ever since the end of the second world war to unify and manifestly not fully, we in britain don't use the euro, try to plug in yo

protests but let's compare it to similar rules in europe and in north america now if you found guilty of starting a rotten britain you could find yourself in jail for up to ten years and nine years if you will. but in ukraine you get just two years vandalism in france from defacing statues to damaging streets is punishable by seven years behind bars but in ukraine. three attempting or even encouraging the overthrow of the united states government can see you thrown into a cell for up to twenty years and that's twice as much as in ukraine and finally don't put a mask on your face the rally in canada because that could land you up to ten years detention and that's against just fifteen days in ukraine where british security analyst and former police officer charles shoe bridge told us the scale of dissent being seen in the country there would never be permitted in the u.k. which is need to look at the way that the british police particularly going to have dealt with protests that have occurred really in the last three or four years if one looks at for example the protests that occurred. twenty summit in london all p

for protests but let's compare it to similar rules in europe and in north america if you're found guilty of stirring a rot in britain you could find yourself in jail for up to ten years or nine years if you hold petrol bombs but tried in kiev you get just two years vandalism in france from defacing statues to damaging streets is punishable by seven years behind bars but in ukraine just three attempting or even encouraging the overthrow of the united states government can see you thrown into a cell for up to twenty years twice as much as in ukraine and finally don't put a mask on your face at a rally in canada because that could land you up to ten years' detention that's against just the fifteen days in the former soviet state or u.k. security consultant and former police officer peter cook says the response to such rioting in the u.k. would have been much harsher. within the u.k. the. lawry's very clear on the use of force. officers can use force in the prevention of crime. which would include serious disorder or so sent damage and awesome. and in the arrest of offenders and in self-defense and so any of those situa

america. >> yes. >> and labor and tori in britain, for example. but what did it represent? and how strong is it? .. because everybody knows the ultimate power in iran is with the supreme leader, and it seems that he has said let's see where these negotiations are go. go make a deal. help me understand this. >> again, i have to talk for hours, but i think the election in iran that president rouhani was elected, with a good, good majority supported him, is a clear indication that iranian system works and we are experiencing a kind of democracy that in the region is unique, you know very well. it should be appreciated. of course, of course what happened in iran that should be seen by international community is that, first of all, iranian political seasonal is alive like some other countries that they have a democracy, they have opponents, groups, different parties and so on, and also the iranian people have decided to support the islamic republic and the system that they believe in. so the result of the election actually empowered iranian and islamic republic to fulfill what iranians want and also