the british enlisted 200 african-american men into the british marines, and used them in the chesapeake bay as well, and the british didn't leave the bay until the war ended in february 1815. so the official end of the war was -- was february 16th, 1815. so our bicentennial can go until 2015. >> let's get one more quick call. bob in baltimore. go ahead for vince vaise. >> caller: hi, thank you. here in baltimore. great job vincent. i'm really enjoying this. i just was very curious though. you're obviously very much an expert on the war of 1812. what got you interested in the war of 1812 in the first place? >> when i was a little kid, my dad took me to ft. mchenry, and i ran up and down the ramparts and then i made a little paper hat when i got home, and i had a little wooden sword that my dad made me as well, and i had good history teachers. when i was going to high school and they got me intrigued, and that's how i started volunteering at ft. mchenry and then i became a park service ranger with the national park service and now i've come full circle because new on weekend i get to port

they took 20% psh casualties. >> how many british were there? >> the british? there were around 1,200 fighting. the americans vastly outnumbered the british, but the british were the finest army in the world, and most of the defenders and militiamen couldn't possibly hold a candle to these regulars from britain. >> our viewers are seeing some video from ft. mchenry, seeing some video of re-enactors at ft. mchenry. over the weekend, it is celebrating the 200th anniversary of the start of the war. jackie, go ahead with your comments. >> caller: hello. i'm a graduate of western reserve university in cleveland and i understand that the westerners refer to the fact that the connecticut was also -- the coast of connecticut was also burned, and these people were given lands in the western reserve of connecticut, which is northeastern ohio. >> i have to pass on that, because my expertise is on washington. the belly of washington. >> you also wrote about, you talked about rear admiral coburn, that he had become a hated figure. >> yes. >> because of burngz not just washi

british navy. so those were the stated represents for the war. the orders in council were reversed before the british knew about the u.s. declaration of war. so that was removed right from the very beginning and the issue of impressment was not in any way addressed with the treaty that ended the war. the treaty of gent which simply returned all matters to the status quo, so in terms of evaluating the effectiveness of the war, if you're looking at relationships with britain, the war doesn't change that much, but the war does have important effects on american unity and american patriotism and it also has very significant effects on native americans were a crucial expense, particularly of the creek in georgia and alabama and the shawnee, and the native american tribes. >> this represented the largest displacement of native peoples to the u.s. >> that's absolutely right. obligations to serve in the british royal navy which had the unintended or intended side effect of sometimes sweeping americans into

so the british did the same. they set all their canvas. they tried to launch the row boats rowing, to try to tow the "constitution" away from the british. the british did the same thing. colonel morris suggested hedging. they were off the coast of new jersey which was a shallow coast. they were able to send a small boat out ahead of "constitution" and drop the anchor and the men at the capstan would push the sdw giant capstan bars to haul the "constitution" up to the anchor, while the other men rode it forward. so they can use this to try to stay ahead of the british when there was no wind. a light chase of air and a puff now and then and when the breeze filled it reached "constitution" first. so she scotted away in the storm before she reached the british. so war was declared against great britain on june 18th in 1812. in july of 1812 "constitution" had the great escape from the british so august 1812 she was still afloat, and she was the first to meet one of those five ships purr searing her. "the guerrier" was

they fought magnificently. >> how many british were there? >> the british? there were around 1,200 fighting. the americans vastly outnumbered the british, but the british were the finest army in the world, and most of the defenders and militiamen couldn't possibly hold a candle to these regulars from britain. >> our viewers are seeing individual grow fort mchenry. re-enactors at fort mchenry. over the weekend, selling is the 200th anniversary of the start of the war. jackie, go ahead with your comments. >> caller: hello. i'm a graduate of western reserve university in cleveland and i understand that the westerns are referred to -- that the connecticuts -- it was also for -- these people were given land in the western reserve of connecticut which is northeastern ohio. >> i have to pass on that, because my expertise is on washington. the belly of washington. >> also you twleet ywrote about about a hated figure because of burnings not just washington, but before that on the shore of maryland? >> the british had been plundering, pillaging, doing other misdeeds,

landing parties and then at night hairy the british fleet. and he was given per miss and funds to do this. they were put under the department of the navy. since joshua barney was retired, and was no longer in the seniority system of the navy, he was made a commodore of this float florida. this was somewhat under the navy but not under the navy. on his first voyage out, he ran into superior british ships who chased him up the patuxent river. he fought some retreating battles. at one point he was bottled up in st. leonard's creek and was able to fight his way out. he couldn't fight his way out of the way, he was forced to come further and further up river, retreating, the british forces building until he got so far up river. he couldn't get any further up river, and it was apparent that the british could capture his ships, so he was order by the secretary of the navy to abandon his ships, and when the british, you know, tried to take them to set them on fire, to explode them with gunpowder, which he did, effectively, and it was at this point wh

suspects, irish rebels and indian allies." >> british subjects. >> british subjects. they were certainly not part of the revolutionary war. >> actually, native people were a part of the revolutionary war. the british had great number of native allies in the revolution. the united states had some native allies. in many ways this is a continuation of that struggle. >> professor eustace, is it fair to look at the war of 1812 as round two of the revolutionary war? >> i think in some important respects it was and in other respects it wasn't but it was sort of spun that way. one of the first primary sources that i came across that got me really interested in looking at patriotism during the war, which is the focus of my research, was this fascinating book, the multipart title. the title was "the champions of freedom." it makes you think it's a war about freedom. next part of the title was "or the mysterious chief." the mysterious chief turns out to be an indian ghost and final part of the title is "romance of the 19th century based on events of the war between united states

raising cattle, trading them to the british. ver hospitmont had free trade w rest of the country couldn't. vermont did not become a state until 1871 after ethan allen died. it came about after a drought in 1988 and '89, the exact same drought that was causing starvation in the streets of paris. i think i'll touch off the french refrigerator lugs. but on february 10th, 1789, oath than allen and one of his two hired men, a free black man named newport, crossed the ice to get a load of hay from a cousin on one of the islands in lake sham plain. that was the hardest thing for me to find out, the name of this man. he was invisibility to history. i started studying voluminous amounts of town newspaper records and actually found an article in 1943 that identified the farm hand of ethan allen, the name had been passed down among local people. the other farm hand he had had been partially call pd in the attack on montreal and was so poor that somebody tried to sue him and take his gun away because there was so little money on the frontie

the reasons that the british weren't going to attack were numerous. the capital was too far from the coast, baltimore was a more attractive target, all kinds of reasons, however the tide of the war was turning and washington would soon fell its effects. the chesapeake coastline with baltimore and washington nearby was far too tempting a target to ignore. for thinking washington not a likely target, the british had two strong reasons for invading the federal seat. first, they could avenge themselves by american forces and second, they perfectly understood the immense psychological value of the president and the nation's wife, but even after the british landed in maryland in 1814, the secretary of war general armstrong insisted no, no, baltimore is the place, sir, that is of so much more consequence. dolly's mission of reassuring all that the government was in control elated as the summer of 1814 moved on and she focused more on the capital residence. in a letter to her son todd she relayed with bravado, the british on our shores are stealing and destro

landing parties and then at night, the british fleet. and he was given permission and funds to do this. he was put under the department of navy since joshua barney had been retired and is no longer in seniority within the navy he was made a commodore of this whole flow fill la. part of the navy, also separate from the navy. and on his first war job with the flow fill tilla. he ran into superior british ships who chased him up the patuxent river. he fought battles. at one point bottled up in saint leonard's creek and was able to fight his way out but he couldn't find his way into the bay. forced to come further and further up river. british following him, forces building until the point that he got so far up river he could not get any further up river and it was apparent that british could capture his ships. so he was ordered by the secretary of the navy to abandon his ships, and when the british tried to take them to set them on fire he exploded them with gun powder, which he did effectively, and at this point we are now where the britis

>> british and american relationships is multifaceted. that has serious side, which is the financial connection between new york and london. it has its frivolous side which is that american's like to watch "downton abbey" and they like to watch the real thing, pageantry like this. and you can always get the queen on the front of the "new york times" at times like. this i... i think the americans are so much more fascinated with the pomp, the frills and circumstances and it's something the british do better than anybody else and that may be because nobody else thinks it's worth doing this well. i must say i find myself... perhaps i'm just a stingy olds scottsman asking quite how this expenditure-- which was quite lavish on celebrating the diamond jubilee-- was compatible with the austerity policies the government is having to pursue because of the crisis i mentioned earlier. >> rose: john, is this the height of her affection... people's affection and admiration for this queen? >> well, it certainly was the grandest public spectacle of her

the british were very skilled at that. they built a network of american loyalists and they knew of much more about what was going on in new york than washington did, and he was taken by surprise again and again and his army was defeated with only a few small victories to claim. and the worst of it, it continued until november of 1776. and the worst of it happened when a large part of washington's army was surrounded at fort washington, which was at the northern tip of manhattan. the cloisters today. washington was across the hudson river in new jersey watching as that army was defeated and forced to surrender and then worse than that, after the men surrendered particularly those riflemen who had been shooting the officers of the british forces, a good many of those riflemen were beaten up and some of them were put to the sword as washington watched helplessly from the other side of the hudson. the palisades. washington irving, who wrote one of the first and i think one of the best biographies of george washington, intervie

up 73%, and that is also because the british government is out there championing british business which the other side neglected to do. >> thank you, mr. speaker. can the secretary of state inform the house why the proposals, -- [inaudible] to be paid substantial wage -- [inaudible] >> well, this is an issue that the paid review bodies are now examining them as the honorable member will know. they will report next month, but the case for local pay, and they will make the recommendation, we can all debate that. the case for local pay was once made by chancellor of the exchequer, who said it makes him to recognize a more considered approach to local and regional conditions is the best modern route to full employment in our country. that chancellor of the exchequer wants his neighbor -- [inaudible] >> order. i'm sure conservative backbenchers wish to hear from one of the coalition colleagues. >> thank you, mr. speaker. the department of health accepts therapy as the cheapest and most effective when treating cancer, despite this the department will spend over 1.5 billion pounds on cancer dr

the british were

we actually have studied another map in the british museum. it shows -- really shows that the fort -- the actual fort where we found it was already -- that location had been put on a map by a mapmaker in 1608 and no one had recognized that that was really, you know, pinpointing the site. >> hear from our callers again. oxford, mississippi, joanne, hello. >> caller: good afternoon. i'm enjoying this enormously. i saw the exhibition at the smithsonian called "written in bone," and it was one of the most fascinating things i've ever seen. i noticed you showed the captain gosnold reproduction. the one that really captured my imagination, you had a video of a woman and there was an interpretive reconstruction of a woman who would walk away from you in the video. you would see how you started with her skeleton and then the forensic reproduction. she walked with a limp. it was stunning. it was stunning. and i was wondering if you could tell us a little bit more about who you think she was and the other reproduction was of the head of a woman who was

and also scuttled or the british themselves set them on fire and destroyed them. so the river was certainly deeper during that time period, but we also know it got very shallow up river where the flotilla was scuttled. because they were taken upriver as far as they could possibly go. there was some thought about trying to take them over land to the south river, but it was decided that would be futile because the british would then just in turn bottle them up in the south river. but they were gone so far up river that the deeper draft vessels, the "scorpion," they were left as far up as they could go, and even the more shallow draft barges, gun boats, could only go up river in single file with only a few feet of water. that buoy we see up there marks the wreck. >> okay. >> well, we're over the site of the shipwreck that we think could be the "uss scorpion." the flagship of the barney flotilla. the bough is toward the bank just beyond the tree that has been sawed off or cut off. and the stern comes out into the channel a little more toward the red buoy you see over

rain never stopped the british.probably right as hard as it has been since we started. it was pretty awful

exports to brazil going up 307 -- 37%, british exports to china going up 61%, british exports to india going up 73%, and that is also because the british government is out there championing british business which the other side neglected to do. >> mr. hamilton. >> can the secretary inform the house why the proposals for original fee, why he awards enrichment york hire to be substantial waste and doing the same jobs here? >> this is an issue that the pay review bodies are now examining, ases honorable member will note, they will report next month, but the case for local pay, and they will make their recommendations, we can all debate that. the debate for local pay was once made by a chancellor, who said it makes sense to recognize a more considered approach to local and regional conditions is the best modern route to full employment in our country. that chancellor was his near neighbor the right, honorable member furcati. >> order! order! and the conservative back benches wish to hear from one of their coalition colleagues? >> thank you, mr. speaker. thank you, mr. speaker. the departme

there go the three british trucks.o, three. >> no matter where i may go, i shall watch always with interest the part which berlin will play in the formation of german government. and with complete confidence that it's part will be a democratic part. therefore, i shall not use the english word "good-bye," but rather try to say to you, auf wiedersehen. >> the last voice, and earlier general lou shus clay. when he left berlin at the end of the airlift, 750,000 people lined the route to temple hoff airport silently as he left the city. >> it's remarkable seeing these scenes of berlin. in one of the scenes there was a man announcing the news on a street corner. he says this is reos. what is that? >> radio in the american sector. the american ingenuity and innovation and just general ability to do things was quite extraordinary. the russians got to berlin two months before we did. they took everything that wasn't bolted down and that was. including the power stations in west berlin. and moved them to the soviet union. and co

he came back with a much little different view of the british. he still feared them and thought they would try to bully america, but he now became known as prince how because he was associated with royalty so much. >> let's talk for a minute, please, about the 1832 election. we're talking about andrew jackson, when he faced off against him for the presidency. >> in 1832, it was probably one of those elections clay couldn't win. jackson was popular still. the things that make historians upset with andrew jackson, like his indian policy, those were positives for andrew jackson in his era, in the south particularly. in 1832, clay also faced the fact there was a third party out there that would end up taking a sizable percentage of the vote, probably mostly from the wig party, or the paertd that would become the wigs. that was a party known as the antimasonic party. the whole issue of masonry, which we still hear today with movies and things like that. the anti-masonic party thought the masons should be done away with. >> and clay was a mason? >> cla

there was to be no healing here. >> we do not expect a british queen. we never will accept a british queen. we do not want her here at all. she is not our clean. >> the second day of the visit, just before the royal helicopter was due to land -- >> in 1977, security was so precarious that her majesty was not allowed to spend a night in the province. she was helicoptered in, helen -- having stayed offshore. she was greeted at the castle by a cheering but carefully selected crowd. while the queen was being welcomed, the provisional ira mounted a roadblock a few miles away. we were told earlier in the day that this was it. more propaganda than military exercise. perhaps for our benefit, perhaps as a morale booster for supporters. the checkpoint lasted five brief minutes. but it happened within half a mile of an army post, which was up around the corner, out of sight. that afternoon, 3000 supporters of the provisional ira hailed elizabeth as queen of death in a black 5 march -- flag march. >> we were not allowed in the city center. the march was banned. >>

he came back with a different view of the british. he still feared them and thought they would try bully america. had now became known as prince how el because he associated with royalty so much. he may have gotten -- off on him. >> let's talk about the 1832 election. we are talking about andrew jackson when he faced off against him for the president. >> i 1832, probably -- election to clay couldn't win. jackson was popular still. the things that make historians upset with andrew jackson like his indian policy, policy towards african-americans, those were positives for andrew jackson in his era. in the south particularly and in 1832, the -- clay also faced the fact there was a third party out there that would end up taking -- mostly from the wig party, party that became the wigs. the anti-masonic party. the whole issue of masonry which we still hear today, movies and things like that about it. the -- anti-mass onlyic party about masonists should be done away with. >> clay was mason? >> clay was mason and andrew jackson was a mason. cl

and the british were defeated in that battle. then washington who was then in a tight spot, a light came on and he and his counsel decided they would try another attack and washington led his troops around the british armies to attack a british brigade that was in princeton ten miles away and the result was a battle of princeton and again another victory. so washington had won four victories in this very short period and they were very different one from another. and it was frederick the great looking on all of this, saying this was the greatest military feat he had ever seen in the conduct of that campaign. and that was only the beginning of that campaign. it went on in which all together the american army and the militia fought something like 80 engagements. they were very small, mostly foraging parties, but what they did was slowly wear down the british and the hessian troops who were in new jersey. it was a heavy blow on that force. then as the revolution went on, there were something like 24 campaigns. washington and his two

. >> i read that the course also looks at british law. when did they end slavery and how did they end it differently from the united states, except for the civil war? >> right. well, except for the civil war. that's a pretty big exception. we'll get to that in a second. britain deals with slavery in the law in sort of three phases. the first phase is a decision by the chief justice of the court of kings bench, lord mansfield in 1772 known as the somerset case. somerset was a slave in virginia, brought to england by his master, who is a colonial bureaucrat. worked for a while in virginia. somerset gets to london says i don't want to be a slave anymore. runs away. his master, james stewart, grabs somerset and brings him back -- charles stewart, master charles stewart grabs james somerset, brings him back and has him chained in his ship to send him to barbados to be sold. abolitionists bring the case before lord mansfield and lord mansfield says that slavery cannot exist by common law, only by statutory or what he calls positive law and sinc

of british companies. prospecting for that goes wrong to focus so we see fighting and. then that makes it. strategically economically very very important and. of course very very wealthy. i look now around the world at some other stories making headlines british prime minister david cameron has been testifying in front of the u.k. media ethics inquiring saying press regulations need to improve cameron has come under fire following the phone hacking scandal that rupert murdoch's now defunct news of the world tabloid british officials were accused of helping the media giant to avoid investigation cameron has also been criticised for the way he handled murdoch's bid to take over british sky broadcasting. torrential rains have small clarges areas of central china triggering mudslides and forcing hundreds from their homes officials have set up shelters to house those displaced by five flooding bilis was also working at work i should say to save one man trapped amid the raging waters he was successfully pulled ashore after an hour of rescue efforts emergency repairs are under

. >> tonight, british prime minister's questions with william hague followed by an address to a joint session of parliament by a aung san suu khyi >> coming that monday, and we will discuss being members of congress and the upcoming one and congressional districts. "washington journal" live with your calls and tweets at 7:00 a.m. eastern here on c-span. >> while david cameron attended the g-20 summit, william hague stood in for him during question time members asked about housing benefits for low-income families an additional ways to spur job creation. he also welcomes aung san suu khyi to the uk. >> the revenue william mcrae. -- the rev. william mcrae. >> mr. speaker -- [shouting] mr. speaker, i have been asked to reply, my right honorable friend the prime minister is attending the g20 summit in mexico. and mr. speaker, i'm sure the whole house will wish to join me in paying tribute to the servicemen who've lost their lives in afghanistan since the last prime minister's question time to land scorable james ashworth of the first battalion, grenadier guards, and rporal alex guy, first

wealthy british signs on roads. margetts why not. find out what's really happening to the global economy cause a report. from washington d.c. to moscow this is our team broadcasting everywhere glad to have you with us to take a look at. the supreme court. request to reopen his extradition appeal case the decision means that the world's most famous whistleblower is one step closer to being sent to sweden to face sex crime allegations critics say the u.s. will use the swedish extradition to get its hands on assad and try him over the wiki leaks of disclosures. egypt's supreme court orders and the dissolution of the country's as well as to dominated parliament after ruling its election was unconstitutional in another court decision a law banning hosni mubarak's former premier from running for president is struck down days before the runoff vote. for the syrian capital is rocked by a powerful blast that has left fourteen people wounded in a suicide bomber detonated a car bomb near a security police office which officials believe was the