the main column of the british army gets into concord in the morning. approximately 120 soldiers are dispatched to go towards the farm. 90 additional soldiers are sent to guard the bridge and the roadway. we are leaving northbridge parking lot now and on our way to the everett farm. -- barrett farm. it is just under two miles. so, it was not in the center of town. it was certainly out a bit. on the morning of april 19, colonel barrett was not in the farm. he was already out and gathering the concord militia. as farmland, this area would have in -- have been devoid of a lot of trees. some of these houses are modern, but some of them date closer to the period. as we get closer to the farmhouse, there would more out holdings part of it. -- outbuildings part of it. that is typical of a new england village most people if they had farms outside of town, they would've had outbuildings that supported the farm. so, the building coming up on my right is the barrett farmhouse. so, we have gotten out of the car, and we are here at the farm. it is here that general

so that was at the core of the british army. >> so amassing victory?. >> and it was more that the to because it was still within the war effort who was the of preferred candidate and halifax had already open discussion and he is trying to figure out what his terms would be. but he recognized the first of all, a substantial number of members of the conservative party but that substantial majority that should never really gave prime minister. but halifax was flabbergasted. because he did not feel he could take of war from the house of lords. so in that war efforts to anybody that would listen patiently to argue peaking at the french would seek out these terms quicker than not and were already in the habit of doing so. they had the opportunity to put it to when and near buckingham palace. it wasn't just that victory but also ending with one decisive action to make peace with the germans. we had done the unexpected into the correct in this with their british premier. in the party changed at the notion of defeat the also to engage in some form but it changed

the main, the british army gets into concord. 120 soldiers are dispatched to go towards the farm. another additional 90 soldiers are sent to guard the bridge and the roadway. we are leaving northbridge parking lot right now, and we are on her way to the farm. it is just under two miles. so, it was not in the center of town. it was certainly out a bit. on the morning of april 19, colonel barry was not in the farm -- colonel barret was not in the farm. he was already out gathering the concord militia. this area would have been devoid of a lot of trees. some of the houses you see today are monitored -- are modern, but some are closer to the period. most of the people if they had farms outside the town, they would have an out building support the farm. so, the building coming up on my right is the barret farmhouse. so, we have gotten out of the car, and we are underway to barret's farm. this is where general thomas gage had ordered his soldiers to look for governments presumably in the basement of the house. however, colonel barrett had secretive the arms -- had secreted the arms away

a rumor begins to spread that colonials are scalping british soldiers. the army starts to gather backup, and they will prepare for the long, arduous march back. been part have also of the british going into concord and coming back out of concord. onmight not be obvious, but your left hand side, there is a ridge that runs along this road. there is some houses and trees, but there is also a rich which helped serve as -- there is is also abut there range which helped serve as cover. along the way, you have the militia gaining strength. by the time they are on the aboutside, there are 1000. now, the british are outnumbered. they were shocked by how well organized they were. i do not think a lot of the british soldiers realized the sheer number of soldiers who would turn out. and they just kept coming. now, we are coming up on marion's corner where we had a running battle right by the home of the marion family. we have arrived at the marion house. is what the militia do gather over here as the british army starts arriving later in the afternoon. this is something that

and it's followed up about an week and a half later by the british army marching into philadelphia and capturing the revolutionary capital. this is a year following the declaration of independence when philadelphia falls and will be occupied by the british for nine months. and so british troops who, on september 26, 1777, marched down chestnut street, march up to what we now know as independence hall and they turn that building where the declaration of independence was adopted and signed into a prison for american soldiers. and that's the scene that we depict here. american, wounded american officer being brought into independence hall, we've recreated the interior, very exact in here. we know about this particular scene through the diary of a quaker woman. and we depict two quaker women who was part of a delegation that came to see these prisoners being brought in to offer assistance in caring for the wounded. this allows us to talk about another community of people, those who are passivists. who is their experience of living in an occupied city here, in this case philadelphia. while

so i think we should be saying not why did he take on the british army but why did a superior force mark into town to protect it from being burned down. people who live in this town had in all the other towns around here, had no idea that their lives were going to lead up to a revolution that was written in a war and a republic that would transform their lives. this is these farming communities, they had about 1500 people, about 265 families. they been living here for five or six generations and since 85 and their descendents who formed the way of life, they were very much organized around family and farms so the biggest issue at the time had nothing to do with the royal government or british parliament. all i had to do was the dynamics of family and the land. >> areas of the 1720s, the family with seven, eight, nine kids reaching adulthood, were running out of enough land to provide farms or good dowries for all the children around them. there had been a certain patriarchy that would be fruitful and multiply and gather all thechildren around in the old age . find a good and faithful ext

had dichotomy is central to the british army in 1917.stic, how many years did you take to research this? it has been a three—year project to write it. research this? it has been a three—year project to write itm offers some remarkable insights, thank you so much, the book is called passchendaele: a new history. thank you. you're watching breakfast from bbc news. the main stories this morning. donald trump continues to change his white house team, confirming on twitter he'd replaced his chief of staff with a former army general. fireworks and bottles have been thrown during a protest in hackney, east london, after the death of man who'd been restrained by police last week. sarah has the details about what the weather will do this weekend, really a bit ofa weather will do this weekend, really a bit of a mixed bag depending where you are living. mixed fortunes, we will all say a little bit of dry and bright weather at times, this is the view at the moment into again, some blue sky and sunshine around, but increasing amounts of cloud heading

of course about a month later almost to the day the british army marches down that same street and occupies philadelphia. so this was one of those many, many dark days of the american revolution. so washington's army then marches in to -- marches into valley forge. this is one of the winters, as she did every winter through the eight years of the war, that martha washington joined general washington. and in many ways one of the rarest objects in the collection i'll share with you now. this is a volume -- actually owned by martha washington. it is a -- see her signature. m. washington. and it's an early edition. printed in england. it was known as a help and guide to christian families. published in london in 1752. so quite likely a book she may well, you can imagine, would have taken along with her to camp to spend that winter at valley forge. now, the top of the page is missing. almost certainly it was clipped by an autograph collector in the 19th century. presumably her name would have been written out there as well. and it was probably clipped by a collector. and if any viewers have that

and the i.r.a. >> the british army are the terrorists. terrorist situation, not us. >> the army will stay in northern ireland as long as any faction seeks to terrorize or intimidate ordinary people. >> there was bad trouble in belfast northern ireland today, and the only word to describe it is ghastly. the irish republican army set off more than 20 explosions for an hour and a half, creating a scene of bloody carnage without parallel in the long history of northern irish violence. 13 people are known dead, more than 120 injured. >> that day became known as bloody friday. it was part of their campaign to try and undermine british rule in northern ireland and to make northern ireland effectively ungovernable. >> no warnings were given, and the targets seem to have been chosen precisely because they would be crowded with people at that time of day. >> what they managed to do was make the percussive regularity of bombs going off the norm in northern ireland during the 1970s. >> what do you think will happen? >> i think they'll just keep bombin

there during that key military engagement, once they seized dorchester heights and fortified , the british army had to abandon boston. it was a turning point in the american revolutionary war. during that time. , he seemed to be a standard melissa soldier. it included free men of color. incrediblyg was not common, most were from the upper echelons of society. they tended to be ministers, officers in the local was a company, fox-sky merchants, sometimes even farmers who have more wealth and property. are the types of men that owned slaves in the 1700s. the lives of enslaved people depended on where they lived, slave men and women led there are lives from enslaved men and women who lived and concord. they conquered the most common form of slave labor. enslaved men worked on the farms in manual labor, doing all the general farm tasks. sometimes that meant they were .o run alongside other times, that meant the majority of the labor themselves, the most common example was meant and women who were enslaved to local ministers, those women who charged with running the day-to-day business on the farms.

the battle of passchendaele was one of the biggest and bloodiest battles the british army has ever foughtt shows how intense and appalling the first world war was. 100 years ago. we should remember that. it was one of the darkest years in british history. constant driving rain turned the battlefield into a sea of mud, which drowned many of the men fighting there. it is made from material taken from flanders field. the sculpture is to remember the men who died and their bravery. it's not the only way passchendaele is being remembered. to help the next generation understand the brutality of the battle, the british legion has created these 360—degree videos. like these cadets, they want the public to download and watch them for free. it makes it a lot more real. so you get a lot more respect for how horrific it must have been. all the effects are so much more real, like the explosions and just the mud and rain. it's all a lot more realistic. it definitely gives depth to the knowledge you're gaining. you get to see lots of different bits around you. what they would see. also, the way the info

once washington and the army c dorchester has fortified, the british army eventually had to abandon it. during that time period, he appears to just be a standard militia soldier. the militia was composed of all adult men able to bear arms. slave owning was not extremely common in this area. it did not pervade every level of society. most slave owners from the upper echelons of society, so they tend to be town and civic leaders, ministers, officers in local militia companies, large time merchants, or sometimes even farmers who have a little more wealth and property. those are the type of men that owned slaves. the lives of enslaved people really depend on where they live. enslaved men and women who lived in boston lived very different lives than enslavement of women who lived in concord. concord, the most common form of enslaved labor for men was farm labor. they tended to work on the farm, just sort of manual labor, doing all the general farm tasks. sometimes that meant they worked right alongside their enslaved owners and their enslaved owners' children. other times, that meant that t

as a british army officer, churchill proved intrepid in battle. in cuba, india, the sudan, and attainfrica, he would the world-renowned he acclaimed as a vehicle to enter parliament. at that time the future prime .inister thought himself unique i think it is fair to say that he always thought himself unique. at that time, he would confide to a lady friend, "we are all believe that i worm."obal -- glow would marry his cousin, eleanor, in 1905 in the wedding uncle, theer by her then president of the united states. churchill was grandson of the due in 1908. before and during 1901 churchill would serve in the cap as first lord of the admiralty. roosevelt himself would never serve in the armed forces, but he would follow the example of his famous cousin teddy as a sex -- assistant secretary of the navy in world war i under woodrow wilson. in may 1940 when winston churchill became prime minister, great britain would undergo one of the greatest crises of her long national history. a mortal threat to the very survival of the nation itself. 1940,, at the e

and so we focused on virginiawe in 1781 because that a time inwe which you had two different armies, british continental army, crisscrossing through what is now piedmont and tide b water, virginia, and for slave people it was a time of greatsl danger and opportunity. there's an internal o revolutio going on where people are tryinr to find their own freedom. now, that'slu a story that we h virtually noth objects, no imag of any of these people. documents that allowed us to really gether some wonderful personal storiespl of just ordinary people and their personale journey for freedom. so we picked five people. we researched them very na carefully. we worked with historical illustrators to basically do a kind of animated graphic novel, taking youou through the experiences of thesen different -- different characters and learnim what happened to them, and then also give you access to the documents that we usedd to reconstruct their stories. that's an, example of a piece w would like to deploy online. anywhere in the world, of course anyone with a collection to th world widewh web. we are again ho

and the thing is that this is the british expeditionary force, this is the british army. >> exactly isu're all in here. if this force gets wiped out, it's going to be a much different war for all the allies. >> you're exactly right. if that rescue hadn't occurred, if home hadn't come for them, if every sort of man, woman and child hadn't come across the 26 miles of would you have water un-- come across rough water under attack, who knows what would have happened for europe and this great country of yours. thank goodness. part of what happened was i think the american people responded with some delight and surprise and awe and saw some "dunkirk" spirit and i think it had a big impact on the decision to come help us. >> stephen: d.-day was a direct reversal from this moment, not far from that spovment normandy is just down the beach a bit. >> it's amazing. all those people left in 1940 and with your help came back four years later. we met some "dunkirk" veterans last week at the premiere. >> stephen: that must have been extraordinary. >> amazing. i said, what do you think of the film? th

one of the things that struck people observing the wall was how prepared the british army was, and i w to operate. no such instructions or guidance was given at all in the beginning of iraq. what do we do if a bunch of iraqis come at us and we have got rivals? do we shoot not shoot? now that can never happen again. that was awful institutional failure. and that is because the report has wrought in a new level of challenge.” because the report has wrought in a new level of challenge. i believe so. in fact, new level of challenge. i believe so. infact, i new level of challenge. i believe so. in fact, i am assured so. and hoping so. you were the british representative of the office of humanitarian assistance and you saw firsthand what was happening and how the army was coping. your reaction to what sirjohn chilcot said there? it is interesting that he is focusing in on what we call rules of engagement. i served focusing in on what we call rules of engagement. iserved in focusing in on what we call rules of engagement. i served in northern ireland in the 19705 and they were very clear rul

if the british come out you should form an army about observation, don't fire unless fired upon. you must maintain a defensive posture, not aggressive one, so everyone is watching each other. it's impossible to keep secrecy. that's why paul revere has made plans to go up and put his land turned up. everyone is ready. here's the funny thing. everyone knows it will happen, but the centuries on the road are stopping people from getting to lexington and concorde with the message and as you probably know paul revere is stopped along with william. however, they run into a guy from concord, doctor samuel prescott who scored in his girlfriend in lexington and when there stopped he is able to jump his horse over a wall and get away and get to concord, so they could've kept the message even though everyone knew what was happening. amazing combination of everyone knowing and planning. many companies had been alarmed. they gather the center of town. the british troops are coming into the main road and a very funny scene. they march to see what's going on and suddenly they are not that far fr

counterterrorism courses on terror survival guides being offered to the public chris hunter a former british army intelligence officer things this all shows just how much things have changed we're definitely living in a different worlds the you know the rise in islamist extremist terrorism is unprecedented and i think you know just looking at it from a domestic perspective when i was growing up in the you know in britain in the early eighty's i remember the provisional ira threats but they used to give coded warnings they didn't actually want to kill civilians with islamist extremist terrorism it's a completely different mindsets and a completely different threats so we have to take the threat seriously and we have to be prepared to either forego some of our civil liberties or you know we say ok we're just live with the terrorist threats and keep getting killed and while brits are facing up to the challenges posed by this new reality a u.k. radio station recently aired twenty five hours of al qaeda recruitment propaganda its license has since been revoked by a communications regulator ofcom eman

not all the battle was fought in those conditions, the middle part was successful for the british army majority of the battle was fought under atrocious conditions, which removed any prospect of a breakthrough so desired by the british generals. passchendaele lives in the memory, a byword for the horror of war, but at the time it was controversial and the prime minister lloyd george was a relu cta nt minister lloyd george was a reluctant supporter of the attack. he felt he had the opportunity to call it off but for various reasons it did not happen and he felt guilty in many respects after the end of the war, it was called the campaign of the mud. it is important to reflect on the experiences of those who fought here from all around the world. menin gate, the most famous memorial, commemorating people from australia, africa, india. the west indies. this place came to symbolise the worst of the first world war. the human cost of the single battle of passchendaele. give us an idea of the scale. it is hard to be precise but estimates suggest half a million men on both sides were killed or

but, overall, the british army gave a much better account of themselves. endaele village there is a research centre. it collects the words the fighting men wrote to their families at home. this is a letterfrom richard harding, dated the 30th of september, 1917. "my dear mother, just a line to let you know that i am quite well." nine days later, he was killed in the battle. one from privatejohn fielding. "my dear sister, just a few lines to let you know that i am still living." and this one, from an officer in the battle. "i'm sorry to tell you that major moorhouse has been killed and died in my arms. we'd just brought his son in, mortally wounded." his son was a captain in the same regiment. "the major expressed his determination to go back and fetch a doctor for his son, though a bosch machine—gun was sniping in a very deadly manner. i tried to dissuade him." so this major moorhouse was killed trying to find a doctor to help his dying son. the public at home had a very distorted sense of what was happening at passchendaele. most of the newspaper reporting

but, overall, the british army gave a much better account of themselves. age there is a research centre. it collects the words the fighting men wrote to their families at home. this is a letterfrom richard harding, dated the 30th of september, 1917. "my dear mother, just a line to let you know that i am quite well." nine days later, he was killed in the battle. one from privatejohn fielding. "my dear sister, just a few lines to let you know that i am still living." and this one, from an officer in the battle. "i'm sorry to tell you that major moorhouse has been killed and died in my arms. we'd just brought his son in, mortally wounded." his son was a captain in the same regiment. "the major expressed his determination to go back and fetch a doctor for his son, but a bosch machine gun was sniping in a very deadly manner. i tried to dissuade him." so this major moorhouse was killed trying to find a doctor to help his dying son. the public at home had a very distorted sense of what was happening at passchendaele. most of the newspaper reporting was highly part

but overall the british army give a much better account of. and i think crucially. . they do real lasting damage to the german army. their passion bill village there's a research center it collects the words the fighting men wrote to their families oppose. this is a letter from richard harding dated the thirtieth of september nineteen seventeen my dear mother. just a line to let you know that i am quite well. and nine days later he was killed in the battle. one from private john fielding my dear sister just a few lines to let you know that i'm still living. and this one from an officer in the park. i'm sorry to tell you that major moore house has been killed. and died in my arms we just brought his son in mortally wounded his son was a captain in the same regiment. on the major expressed his determination to go back and fetch a doctor. some. though a bosch machine gun was sniping and very deadly mina. i tried to dissuade him. so this major moorhouse was killed. trying to find a doctor to help his. dying sun. the public at home at a very distorted sense of what was happ

private this is question all the some more coming up in today's going underground but first the british army is offering visas to africans in an attempt to recruit twelve thousand soldiers if you're watching this in a sub-saharan commonwealth countries say food prices in nations like malawi mozambique or sierra leone and want to fight for tourism a you can telephone plus four for three four five six hundred eight zero eight zero but elsewhere in the u.k. military world defense secretary son michael fallen who characterizes jeremy corbyn as a u.k. security threat appears at today's royal international air tattoo at aria pfeffer in the southwest of england fallon's visit comes in a week with a briefing document obtained by the.

prime minister's question all this of all coming up in today's going underground but first the british army is offering visas to africans in an attempt to recruit twelve thousand.