the net to preserve the core of the british regular army to ensure their presence if the germans ever attempted to invade. wars are not won by evacuation he warned the british people but this one was. hitler with their british army within his grasp had the final attack on dunkirk by today's to allow the enemy to escape. it was is his first and biggest mistake of the war snatching defeat from the jaws of victory in the famous words about general mclellan failure to pursue the army. in the same speech after the british soldiers evacuated and returned to be read clothed and rearmed he added the words that would define the moment for all time. even though large tracts of europe many old and famous states have fallen into the grip and a the apparatus we shall not seem more fatal and fight in france and on the seas and oceans with the growing strength in the air to defend whatever the cost may be and on the beaches and on the landing grounds and in the fields and in the streets and in the hills and shall never surrender. and even if i do not believe this island was starving and armed by the

enough to serve the core of the british regular army and ensure their presence behind the pages of southern england if the germans ever attempted to invade. wars are not won by evacuations, churchill warned the british people. but, in fact, this one was. hitler with the british army within his grasp had delayed the final attack on dunkirk by two days and allow the enemy to escape. it was his first and biggest mistake of for and they snatched defeat from the jaws of victory in abraham lincoln's famous words of art general mcclellan's failure to pursue the army after antietam. in the same speech, as the british soldiers evacuated from dunkirk for being returned to their regiments to baby clothes and we armed, churchill added the words which were to find a moment for all time even though large tracts of europe and many old and famous states have fallen into the grip of the gestapo and all the odious apparatus of a nasty rule we shall not flag or fail. we shall go on to the end. we shall fight in france. we shall fight on the seas and oceans. we shall fight with growing confidence and growing s

army. the germans unveiled a new tiger tank. the britishger tanks were left burning husks. from then on, the initiative was ours. >> of the various strategies that may be employed against the enemy, general eisenhower envisioned one that would have the entire military situation in the terms of a cylinder. the western wall -- land forces along the great dorsal. the northern and eastern, land and sea power concentrated along the mediterranean. the seaports were to act as the intake valves through which those enemy troops that escaped the devastating attacks of planes and submarines were to be sucked into the cylinders, but the bottom of the cylinders stood the powerful british army to serve as the piston which in its upward stroke would push the enemy into ever smaller space. still in possession of the enemy were certain high hills to the west of tunis. their capture was an essential part to the entire strategy. these hills were the spark plug which when the piston forced the enemy into a state of high compression would explode in a combustib

destroy from the british eighth army. be imputed and supply lines around the cape of good hope would be shortened by half through winning control of the mediterranean. north africa would be hours with basis at which to step at the heart of the axis citizens. that was the plan called acrobat. and both convoys, the men kept lieknowing the task would ahead. this was a new experience for most of them. then never been so far from home before. >> that is certainly true of me. my name is george metcalf. we were a military family. never met such a collection of blokes we got on this ship. caps on glasgow, new york, london, montreal, cape town, and igham, wellington, think was about this time the internationals got cracking. i wrote quite a letter to my girl. about flying fish and wales. we have not seen any yet it i thought she would like to know i was enjoying myself and now i am something else to tell her, too. the best news for a long time. they just put it up on the ships board. ♪ >> the eighth army offensive was only one pha

lines were in the north stood british first army. general french's and in the south, the americans. of her south, small group fighting french had completed historic 1500-mile march and position on the left flank to the british eighth mari-flang, the army after long retreat entrenched itself. unisia was brave with german troops, 15 full twigzs. poland and france, italianether with seven divisions armed with most modern equipment, including newest fighters and bombers. german orders were hold tunisia all cost, keep control of the ramo, standing behind the line, saw he must the be faced with attack in rear from the allied armies from the great dorsal and assault by army.h he therefore struck first in an menace to remove the behind him. n february 14th, the blow was struck. heavy armored columns burst out and intountain barrier the valley beyond. their onslot, dualed with heavy license. the enemy had forced through the kasserine columns were red advancing. tibeta,n column aimed at supply base in tunisia and our communication. almost with

we as the british army like to add -- like our sherman tanks. it is the best tank of world war ii. tiger tankd up a against a sherman take on a football pitch, the tiger is going to win because it has a bigger gun. but there is lot about the sherman tank which worked in its favor. it is very simple. simple to maintain. look at the tracks. you can see the suspension buggies coming down onto the wheels. they are on the outside. a means of anything goes wrong, you can repair it really easily. the transmission in a sherman tank is manual. tankransmission in a tiger is a six speed gearbox. it is complicated. what happens when you put an 18-year-old recruit in one of those tanks, they break the gearbox and then your tiger is not good to anybody. so there were other things you need to factor in. for the most part i'm a when the sherman came into being, the allies were advancing. when you're advancing, you have to go across rivers and ditches. all the things that the retreating enemy has blown up in its wake. have you get across the river with a bridge that has been destroyed? you put a cl

now, it's important to remember, a british army was launching a land offensive against the american landrces in plattsburgh. when the british commander on land saw his naval partner strike their colors, he, too, order to withdraw. of plattsburghe or the battle of lake champlain was the last battle fought before the signing of the peace treaty that would ultimately end the war of 1812. with hostilities ended in the champlain valley, people began to return to thoughts of commerce. as a result, commerce began to explode along lake champlain. standing down here on the burlington waterfront we are at the epicenter of burlington's commercial history. when lieutenant sylvester churchill built the battery, now battery park, he was looking over and expansive bay, but very little land below him. as commerce grew in burlington, as did the waterfront. createas brought in to more lakefront for shipping companies to get cargo for pioneer shops and incubators for small businesses. as the access to the lake really was access to the outside world. so, this was "the" place to be if you are looking to deve

street seems to be reopening and the alarm seems to be receding let's get the views now a former british army intelligence officer chris hunter joins us live to discuss what's happened over the last hour a bit further. chris good evening. by there you are good to good to have you on the look we were just discussing there the police response i mean when you when you look at it it was very rapid incomprehensive wasn't. it was yes of course you know the police and our security services we look at potential targets all the time we look at certain face of the year we look at the likelihood of certain events being targeted and certainly what we saw here was black friday as your correspondent mentioned you know one of the busiest shopping areas in europe on this particular day of course it's a high profile targets and we know that there was the islamist extremists in particular who were looking to targets crowded areas messed up various so it was certainly viable but it was really good to see the police response was instance it was in my was in my view certainly measured a proportional and there wer

we as the british army like to d are sherman tanks. it is the best tank of world war ii. if you lined up a tiger tank against a sherman on a football pitch, the tiger is going to win because it has a bigger gun. and more armor. but there is lot about the sherman tank which worked in its favor. it is very simple. simple to maintain. if you look at the bottom of the tank and you look at the tracks you can see the suspension , buggies coming down onto the wheels. they are on the outside. which means if anything goes wrong, you can repair it really easily. the transmission in a sherman tank is manual. the transmission in a sherman tank is manual. the transmission in a tiger tank is a six-speak hydraulically powered gearbox. it is incredibly complicated. what happens when you put an 18-year-old recruit in one of those tanks, they break the gearbox and then your tiger is no good to anybody despite his powerful gun. there are other things you need to factor in. for the most part, when the sherman came into being, the allies were advancing. when you're advancing, you have to go a

is important to remember at the same time, a british army was launching the land offensive against therican land forces in plattsburgh. when the british commander on land sought his naval partners strike their colors, he, too, ordered a withdrawal. this battle of plattsburgh or the battle of lake champlain was the last battle fought before the signing of the peace treaty that would ultimately end the war of 1812. with hostilities ended in the champlain valley, people began to return to thoughts of commerce. result, commerce began to explode in the lakes -- on the shore of lake champlain. we're really at the epicenter of burlington's commercial history. when lieutenant sylvester churchill built the battery atop what is now battery park, he was looking over expansive bay, with very little land below him. as commerce grew in burlington as to the waterfront, phil was brought in from inland to create more and more lakefront for gopping companies to get car for pioneer shops, essentially incubator spaces for small businesses is the access here to the lake was access to the outside world. thi

the dangerous state of the british army and how underfunded it is, some say it is at least 20 years outleast 2 billion a year, which is obviously a very significant sum. further down it says that it is predicted that the north korean leader kimjong—un could acquire the capability to nuke london within 18 months, which is never something you want to read about this late at night. quite a significant story and whether they'll be able to find that 2 billion a year in the current climate, we'll have to see. of course there is a budget next week, is this why the tightening of the story? i'm sure it is and i'm sure there will be other stories from other departments asking for money from the treasury. but the defence of the realm is very important. up until recently you'd expect it to be properly funded. worth pointing out that this prediction is being made bya that this prediction is being made by a formerforces that this prediction is being made by a former forces chief. always useful to have someone no longer in office who feels they can speak out. of course, you'd expect them to do so. of

of war between them carried it gave the orders mullard it carried them out former head of the british army and x. need to gen some might jackson was at that time commander of the allied rapid reaction corps in the balkans and got to know all right cool melodic passionately. he was ruthless trowbridge the obvious one is. hard pouring. their scene is without a doubt the panicle of melodic just cruelty in july nine hundred ninety five his troops forced to we enter srebrenica which had been declared a safe haven under un protection in front of the cameras here sure bosnian muslims that nothing would happen to them. shortly afterwards his forces expelled the women and girls and killed the men and boys. and their support it came face to face with melodic that summer and she was bussed out of town as soon as he walked into the bus i covered my head like this. today she can only endure the trauma. during that last offensive my father and my brother were killed it seemed to me like my whole world collapsed apart from my children and my husband these two were the most important people in my life. fo

the british got the army off but as churchill said, we got the men but they have to leave their luggage. they got off, most without their rifles because they were ordered to throw them overboard by the naval officers and most without the boots, but we got off 2,000 men of the british core of the army without which we could defend ourselves. we could not have resisted the germans had they invaded without them. >> rose: continue with nancy koehn, historian at the harvard business school, her latest book is called "forged in crisis: the power of courageous leadership in turbulent times." >> i was in the midst of a great crises when i started on lincoln. i got ill, had cancer a couple of times, my husband walked out on me, my father dropped dead, so partly i was looking at lincoln to help me. it took me a while to get back on my, so i didn't do a lot of work. and i lot lost in blinken and decided that the world did not need another book on link everyone and then went searching for another stories. and in each of these stories is a different kind of animal. so to do this right and discover w

was to advocatevacuate and they overran europe with the blitzkrieg and essentially the entire british army was stuck on a long stretch of beach and ready to be picked off by german air forces in the incursion of the land forces and in a brief and miraculous spell those 400,000 men were rescued largely by the british navy but in the gap that was literally how close boats can get to the shore because of the way the tidal system works. nearly 800 small boats at the request of the government came across the channel. in some cases there was a canoe. a canoe came across to get some of these boys. it was amazing as churchill called it an amazing deliverance and miracle though you'd call it a retreat or as germans called it a defeat. and the idea that however dark the time if there is a determination not to give up or put one foot in front of the other or trust and put your faith in basic humanity as it were your fellows came to meat you and lend a hand. that the a beautiful idea you need not give up. >> charlie: much success with this. >> thank you. >> charlie: george saunders is here and hailed

general sir mike jackson is the former head of the british army — a man with huge experience tackling 2003. and hejoins me now. i must ask you first of sir michael fallon. i think the armed forces will be sad to see him go. it is clearly a personal decision he has come to and so personal decision he has come to and so be it. let's talk about the terror issue. i mentioned in the outset the fear that you have this huge experience of dealing, blue with the macro level, tackling islamic state in the track and wherever they are around the world but also in the micro level were you dealt with the ira in northern ireland. there's something in your experience in the 70s and 80s that could apply to the thread we now face in our cities? i think my first point of analysis and we can't put up point of analysis and we can't put up too many parallels comedy ira we re very up too many parallels comedy ira were very careful not to be killed in the operations. islamic state, we know they are very different. the problem, which led to the troubles in northern ireland was political. at its base rate, pol

ten years in the british army, including two tours in afghanistan.n 2014 he launched the invictus games for wounded warriors. >> you have done it. you are invictus. >> reporter: harry and meghan made their first public appearance at this year's invictus games. humanitarian work has long been a focus for her too. and she says it's a big part of what drew them to each other. >> i think that's what got date two in the books probably. >> reporter: meghan will be giving up her acting career for a bigger role on the global stage. >> i think what's been really exciting is we talk about the transition of this out of my career but into the role is as you said the causes that have been very important to me i can focus even more energy. >> it's not easy for anybody. whatever we have to tackle together or individually will always be us together as a team. >> the wedding will take place sometime this spring. royal watchers wondering if they may hold out for a late spring wedding after the duchess of cambridge gives birth to her third child in april, which of cour

protected by the ministry of defense they don't want to see the door which is a regiment of the of the british army most of the fans regiment which would largely be pretty globally largely protestant they are news so there is an important role here for confidence in police and as well as justice that the british government do declare what actually happened and what information they have went to you do your part that was there the night that particularly was murdered you expect resume was only kept in power by your former enemies as it were formerly paramilitary link do you pray you expect theresa may to do something about your petition we do expect it and we expect the ministers were because the justice has to come clean and we want to see the op. chindia for all the families to get justice doesn't matter what side of the community's own that whatever information is out there that people know that the police hold a special branch hold that all needs to become clean and so that we know is that this come directly from really representing your communities properly because you still have it just for de

should be found through the geneva talks format and stressed syria's still a sovereign country british army p. re french believes washington and moscow realize cooperation is necessary. but the talking about is getting closer together and working on diplomatic solutions to problems not just in the middle east book around the world the fact is if we are in america. that does nobody any good if all of the sides involve the stone but america and russia and the rest of the contrition the west all are actually on the same side here eventually they have severe uprush more and they have to understand that they will have to work together it's not going to be easy because these things never are particularly in the middle east but it will have to happen and it's a good sign and america and russia have control on the standing on the. on the last leg of his asian tour donald trump landed in the philippines today but he didn't get the warmest of welcomes on the capital streets was. was hundreds of people descended on the u.s. embassy in manila to protest against the visit riot police used water cannon t

extol the virtues of the ira any more than you expect me to extol the virtues of the ruc or the british armyt there have been brave individuals in all of those forces. gerry adams. the notorious cult leader charles manson, who directed his followers to commit a string of brutal murders, has died aged 83. he‘d been in prison in california for more than four decades. in 1969, his followers, known as the manson family, killed seven people. among them was the heavily pregnant hollywood actress sharon tate, the wife of roman polanski. james cook reports from los angeles. charles manson — the name itself is synonymous with evil. a killer who did no killing, but whose crimes shocked the world. in august 1969, followers of his cult broke into the hollywood home of sharon tate. the pregnant actress, who was married to the director roman polanski, was brutally murdered, along with four of herfriends. the next night, the so—called manson family killed again, tying up and murdering a wealthy couple. this was the ramshackle ranch in death valley where manson lived in a commune with his young, runaway fan

pictures we just showed you the company insists the activists fail to access nuclear pools or former british armyintelligence officer chris huhne to told us greenpeace still succeeded in highlighting a danger. given the number of power plants in france and across europe of course there has to be a review of security and certainly they've got to be multiple layers of security whether that's what they call physical security the electronic surveillance the you know fences and warns that when there's any sort of intrusion this incident in particular tells us quite a lot about the level of security you know getting over one fence is a possibility but i think they managed to get quite close to the area where the spent fuel rods are stored and that is quite a concern there are a significant number of power stations across france that have nuclear power plants those facilities were built long before there were threats from al qaida and isis they were built to protect against every day threats security definitely has to be tightened given the number of these facilities and you know that the number of vast

her new found love said he was a major in the british army, stationed in baghdad. patrol and i didn't hearfrom him the following morning, and i always had, sol was really distressed. i didn't hearfrom him for 48 hours, which felt like a lifetime because it triggered all the memories of my husband's death and everything. then he came back online to say it had been very harrowing, he'd lost a couple of men in battle and he wanted to get out of the army. peter said he wanted to start a new life with val but needed money to buy himself out of the military. he told me where to send some money to, so i sent it. and of course naturally that wasn't going to be enough money. so i ended up, very foolishly, sending two more lots of money, totalling just over £8,500. tara mcdonnell runs a dating agency in brighton called south downs introductions. she doesn't run an online service, but introduces people face—to—face. tara also happens to be a former detective for sussex police. there are some victims that have lost up to £i.6 million, others that have lost £800,000. they are l

but from the party that is led by a man that doesn't even believe in the british army, from a man, from leader doesn't actually believe in the continuous at sea nuclear deterrent, to be lectured about defence spending is a little bit rich. this is the party, the conservative party, that is making sure that we deliver on 2%. we are the party that is making sure that we are increasing defence spending. gavin williamson. the government has called the alleged tampering of forensic evidence a "highly serious matter." two scientists at the randox testing services in manchester, which works for police forces across the uk, were arrested earlier this year on suspicion of manipulating data. more than 10,000 cases, including violent crime and sexual offences, may have been affected. some 50 drug—driving prosecutions have been dropped. a minister was called to answer an urgent question. criminal investigations by greater manchester police into alleged manipulation of toxicology results are still ongoing, therefore the house will understand why i must be cautious in my response. i do want to assure

that with the arrival of general allen be hunters indian troops they formed the foundation of the british army at the time the war was practically over and with all the suffering it had cost. well i've heard of. some also saw this as the end of the ottoman empire in particular the end of the oppression by cheney paschal and his military administration. damascus found at the end of september nine hundred eighteen faisal immediately installed a provisional government. after just four years the break between the arabs and the ottoman empire was complete the ottoman army and is german allies capitulated on all fronts from palestine to mesopotamia. yeah yeah. yeah yeah. sounds in method the fifth died in july nine hundred eighteen his brother succeeded him on the throne as messmate the sixth. when germany the austrian hungary an empire and bulgaria were also forced to retreat from the front in europe he was forced to accept a truce a short while later on october the thirtieth one thousand nine hundred. three passes talent and and jim who had taken the empire into war fled onboard a german submarine

asked president wilson to personally lead an army division into europe and he had written to a british army officer saying if we had done what we ought to have done after the sinking, i and my four boys would be getting ready to serve with you. what motivated rejection of neutrality and commitment to the defense of europe. we can see the answer in something wilson told the congress in 1904, the great free people owes it to itself and to all mankind not to sink in helplessness before the powers of evil. roosevelt knew that the defense of freedom demanded action from free nations, confident in their strength and protective of their sovereignty. roosevelt knew that the united states and europe then as we are now, are bound by shared principles. our nation's live according to a self-evident truth, liberty, equality and human dignity. these foundational principles are protected by the construct of our institutions dedicated to the rule of law, separation of powers, and representative government. our principles are protected from external threats by our collective determination, action and sacrif

own thoughts when that two—minute silence is happening, and i'm pleased to say we have a of the british armyonnection with the armed forces goes back years, through your father and grandfather? that's right. my father did 27 years of service. my grandfather, prior to that, father did 27 years of service. my grandfather, priorto that, did father did 27 years of service. my grandfather, prior to that, did 12 yea rs grandfather, prior to that, did 12 years in the service as well. he was deployed to the borneo war, and my father went to the falklands war in 1982. and when the two—minute silence is happening, what are your thoughts? are you thinking of them? are absolutely. the first thing that comes to mind as my grandfather, who is no longer with us. secondly, all the fallen heroes, paying my respects to them. to be here today is amazing. i feel so proud to be here. this is your first time observing the silence at the cenotaph. can you describe the atmosphere? it is my first time being here. like i said, i atmosphere? it is my first time being here. like i said, lam so proud to be in uniform se

the treasured item is a frame carved from a first world war british army biscuit.ongst all these objects there was something which told a bigger story about a family member, and perhaps took us on a journey to something extraordinary? this isjeremy collingwood. an object he found at home is now a star exhibit in reading museum. it looks like an ordinary framed photo of his grandfather, but the frame is a biscuit. reading used to be home to one of the most famous names in biscuit making. during the first world war, huntley and palmer provided what looked like rather solid snacks for the troops. so solid, in fact, that some soldiers carved them and sent them home as gifts. in the drawer at home there was this... i suppose a keepsake that mum really liked, and would show me, of her father. and he‘d sent it back to his mother to say how much he loved his mother. and you look at the... look at that picture, the scaredness in his eyes, the worry and concern. yeah, he‘s wanting to show his mother he is all right. i mean, itjust connects in a really human way. if you are f

her newfound love said he was a major in the british army, stationed in baghdad.didn't hear from he went out on patrol and i didn't hearfrom him the he went out on patrol and i didn't hear from him the following morning and soi hear from him the following morning and so i was really distressed. i didn't hearfrom and so i was really distressed. i didn't hear from him and so i was really distressed. i didn't hearfrom him for 48 hours, which felt like a lifetime because it triggered all the memories of my husband's death and everything. then he came back online to say he had lost a couple of men in battle and he wanted to get out of the army. peter said he wanted to start a new life with bowel but needed money to buy himself out of the mira —— military. he told me where to send the money, so i sent it. naturally that wasn't enough money. i ended up foolishly sending two more lots of money, totalling just over £8,500. this woman runs a dating agency in brighton. she doesn't run an online service, but introduces people face—to—face. she also happens to be a former dete

on the converse side, the british are going nothing in our army uses a 76. so that's why they started the rearmorment program. we wanted a bigger gun not your bigger gun. the one exception is the american production of about 100 fire f fire flies at the end of the war. the question is why did the u.s. make these? first i mention ed the capacity. you're now adding an ammunition supply line system for 100 tanks. what good is 100 tanks going to do for the entire u.s. army? i think this was actually purchased for other armies to use. there is other history for this. the polish brigade started off with fire flies. they ended the war with 76 millimeter tanks because they actually got their supply of replacement tanks from the americans. and so if the americans had fire flies that they had gotten from the british, they could replenish their allied units with the correct type of equipment. the biggest single purchaser was the u.s. military, u.s. government. but they bought them to give to the danish and dutch and everybody else. that's kind of a long wined way of sa

the army gave a little bit of money and took away money. the british were worried basically not only about us going farther west and becoming more powerful but they were concerned that we would take the fur trade which was what everybody was therefore. the british side chance to have the indians do the fighting for them and supply them with the first that people in england couldn't live without. before the actual fighting of the war of 1812 began president thomas jefferson tried to make america neutral by cutting off all trade with the british, with the french, with the dutch, with anyone to make americans grow things are manufactured things themselves. he impose something called the embargo. the embargo of 1808 which made it illegal for american ships to go anywhere or further ships to come here. at that point all of our business was with europe and so you have a complete collapse in one year. 80% of all trade went away. you had sailors and soup lines in portland maine and in boston and in new york. when his term in ended so did the embargo. people re

may 1940, the british were pushed back to the french coast with a lot of the french army, as well.he goal was to evacuate them from that campaign with germans. running through belgium. essentially, the entire british army was stuck on a long stretch of beach, ready to be picked off and then air forces incursion of the land forces. in a brief and miraculous spell, those 400,000 men were rescued largely by the british navy, but in the gap that was literally how close boats could get to the shore because of the way the title system -- tidal system worked, nearly 800 small boats from the u.k. came across the channel numerously. in some cases, there is a canoe that came across to get some of these boys. it, andhill called amazing deliverance. a miracle, even though you would call it a retreat or as the germans might call it, a defeat. i suppose -- charlie: the darkest moment. it gave the brits. kenneth: i suppose it encapsulated the universal idea that however dark, if there is a determination not to give up or to put one foot in front of the other and trust and put asr faith in basic h