the americans have driven the british army out. n america has collapsed and there is no more british military presence south of quÉbec and north of st. augustine, florida. the british are gone. okay? the american rebellion seemingly has succeeded. all right? rauge millitaer has been a big year. the americans are fighting mad and they're not going to take anymore. we'll close it here. any questions or concerns? >> whenever they're evacuating the city, did the americans just let them go? >> yeah. there's some thought of maybe trying to sink them. but they figure it's better probably to just get them gone. it's interesting, too, when the americans enter the city, they find the british trashed boston. they beat the heck out of it. they used churches as stables. they take shingles and all fences are gone for firewood. but that's not surprising. the british didn't like boston. boston is the home of the massacre and the tea party. british are really revengeful on boston. yes. >> when lord dunmore asks the slaves to join, what's the result

he repeatedly talks about being homesick and how he has moral qualms against fighting the british army. because he was a british officer for 15 years and his great fear is he will have to fight his old regiment. he hears his old regiment is being deployed to america and he writes something like heaven save me from having to fight my old regiment. he said, i feel more close to those people than anybody on earth. i feel closer to the people of the 17th regiment than even my own family. god, i hope i don't have to fight these guys. montgomery, horribly homesick, increasingly disillusioned with american troops, advances to quebec city. he meets arnold outside of quebec and the americans lay siege to quebec. the americans have about 900 men. arnold at about 600, montgomery had about 300. montgomery left 500 behind in montreal and worked his way down through canada to quebec city. montgomery lays siege to quebec for about a month. he tries to shelve the city. quebec is a walled city. the american artillery is so light, the cannonballs bounce off them. montgomery sends letters into the city,

british army still in new york city. and will remain there until after the war and the continental army is sort of checking them and watching over them. and the problem was the officers had not been paid. why hadn't they been paid? anybody? they don't have any money. pretty much worthless continental dollars. they had also been promised half pay, so a pension. problems? same one as before. >> it's a lot of money. >> yeah, and congress doesn't have it. so this rumblings. especially if a peace comes, what do you think the officers are afraid of? >> no means of getting money. >> they're not needed. >> or if they were injured in the war, they can't work anymore. >> they're not needed. the congressmen never pay them. and what comes to be known as the new berg conspiracy or the new berg affair, depending how you want to term it. continental officers are going to secretly meet and two things they're going to discuss. one, potentially a coup on congress. take over congress until they get paid or two, retreat behind the mountains?

ok the british army is mulling replacing its fossil fuel guzzling equipment with eco friendly versions according to the company's chief of general stuff polly boyd who explains there is a wider trend western armies trying to attract minority and green conscious new recruits to. they might be in the business of killing but they don't want to kill the environment while they're at it the british army is going green general so mark colton smith has said that british forces are going to be phasing out the use of thirsty gas guzzling military vehicles and equipment in favor of plugging in take cleaner technologies it's all in a bid to attract younger and more environmentally conscious recruits not only will that give his considerable operational benefits reducing logistic drag but it will also get the army on the right side of the environmental argument especially in the eyes of our next generation of recruits who increasingly make career decisions based on a prospective employers environmental credentials. earlier this year the british army launched a new recruitment drive targeted at young

career decisions based on a prospective employer is environmental credentials earlier this year the british army launched a new recruitment drive targeted at young people the campaign emphasise that the army could use the compassion of snowflakes the self belief of millennial is the confidence of selfie take is and the focus of phone zombies and the push for a greener and more inclusive army isn't limited to the u.k. if u.s. democratic party presidential candidate elizabeth warren gets her way the american army will be adding fighting climate change to its to do list we don't have to choose between a green military and then a factor one my plan wouldn't prove all servicemembers readiness and safety and the chief cost savings for american taxpayers together we can fight climate change and when military exercise. these are notoriously bad for the environment munitions can take hundreds of years to degrade and toxic materials like lead can spill out and pollute groundwater back in 2017 the u.s. government put out a request for the development of environmentally friendly training bullets both the u.

two max george has won a harming claim against the british army. and inclusive employer, the armed forces do not tolerate unacceptable behaviour in any form. allegations are taken seriously and investigated thoroughly. we noted the finding of the tribunal today. we have established a new team serious complaints can't be raised. that is what their reaction to that is. the two former soldiers serving with the parachute regiment. they have taken the army to the employment tribunal after claiming yea rs of employment tribunal after claiming years of racial discrimination. more on that throughout the afternoon. if you've been to a classical music concert in recent years, you'll have heard the announcement asking you to "please turn off your mobile phone as the performance is about to start". but now the bbc philharmonic orchestra is encouraging its audiences to do the opposite. tim muffett went along to find out more. a classical concert where phone use isn't frowned upon... but welcomed... omg. we have whole generations of people now who expect, for ex

two former paratroopers have won their case for racial harassment against the british army. the tribunaljudge said that grafitti displayed in the barracks was unquestionably related to race. this employment tribunal judgement paints a different picture. it says they were subjected to racial harassment, that created a degrading, humiliating and offensive environment. specifically, they were targeted by racist graffiti at their barracks in 2018, leading to their decision to quit the army. mr zulu said that when he joined from south africa in 2008, he held the british army in high regard. ten years later, when he left, he viewed it as a racist institution. the mod says they take every allegation of racism seriously. that said, an internal report by the mod earlier this year said there had been a disproportionate number of complaints from ethnic minorities and women in the armed forces, suggesting this is not an isolated incident. as a result of that report, the mod says it is introducing much more diversity training and also an improved complaint procedure. they are taking acti

two former soliders have won a racial harassment claim against the british army., who had been serving with the third battalion the parachute regiment, had been the targets of racist grafitti in their colchester barracks in january last year. our defence correspondentjonathan beale is at the ministry of defence in central london. damaging to the mod, which has been trying to attract more minority recruits? i think this will be very damaging, because they have tried to present themselves as an inclusive service. they want to attract more black and asian recruits, who make up about 7% at the moment of the armed forces. and this tribunal, though it rejected some of the allegations made by nkululeko zulu and hani gue, did find that they were the target of racist graffiti in their barracks in colchester in 2018, just before they left the army. it was a deciding factorfor mr they left the army. it was a deciding factor for mr zulu, who says, to leave the army... the army didn't do enough to prevent it, he said. the mod carried out their own internal report and found rec

mrzulu, in the tribunal, had said that when he joined from south africa in 20 oh, he held the british armymy in high regard. when he left, ten years later, he viewed it as a racist institution. now, the mod says, they take every allegation of racism extremely seriously. that said, an internal report by the mod earlier this year said there had been a disproportionate number of complaints from ethnic minorities and women in the armed forces, which suggest this is not an isolated incident. as a result of that report, the mod says it is introducing much more diversity training and also an improved complaints procedure — they are taking action. jonathan beale, thank you. the supermarket chain aldi says it plans to open an average of one new store in the uk every week for the next two years. the chief executive giles hurley said they would invest £1 billion to achieve their aim. aldi's pledge came as it reported a sales rise for last year, but saw profits fall sharply. our business correspondent emma simpson headed to one of the new openings. a knew aldi has come to town, and so have the shopper

the regular british army coming out of boston. i used the phrase as a metaphor because that's really what the first couple of years was about. they are coming with a substantial portion of their very large army. 30,000 mercenaries, most half of the greatest parts the world has ever seen. there coming to kill your men and rape your women. in some cases, burnt your time. it doesn't really have any relationship to the sleepy hollow. the british had maybe about 300 chips. >> do we have that in the u.s. navy today? >> probably not. remember back to the reagan years, navy was a big deal. 300 warships, that's a very powerful navy. the world had never seen anything like it. >> that was not told that verse. >> he's been the messenger for the boston articles for some time. he had written to philadelphia and new hampshire, is a very expert at doing this, of carrying news quickly. he was trusted, reliable. so he had written into the countryside with false alarms before he did the real thing on april 18. >> who were the radicals? >> radicals i

ready to go and take on the british army. it's going to take a long time, all right. we're going to see the first couple of years these guys need to get the experience. yes they have some experience. yes they've been fighting for some time now. but nevertheless it's a learning experience for them. especially in the long term. you also have to watch the timing, all right. sometimes battles are -- the timing of battles will be determined on whether the contracts are going to expire. because believe me they want to go home after the experience they've had, trust me they want to go home. so that's a part of this too. they have to stay for the length of the contract. and we do have the cause behind us. especially at first. there is a historian that calls this the rage military. everybody onboard, declare independence. get the british. because you take the sons and brothers and friends. and it sounds like great adventure until you've been there four months sitting around a campfire starving not getting paid. making lead balls for t

who else is fighting in this army besides british soldiers? we're going to have about 30,000 heshens. where is this coming from? george iii. they are from the house of hanover. they're german and have that in their background. these folks are mercenaries. guns for hire. everybody does this. this is classic standard european tactics to hire these guys. maybe it looks bad from the colonial side. this is the way they operate. look at the numbers. not all of them are going to be deployed at the same time. going off of that, too, they've also got the population to draw fr from. about 9 million people living in england right now. you had a lot of folks. and about 2.25 of those are eligible for service but they got people they can replace. the colonies, you have about 2 million folks in all of the colonies. and that's including men, women, children and slaves. so there's a lot of -- they've got the numbers to go along with this, too. so we've got a lot of military. what else have they got that's working for them? >> everything is standardized. whethe

two former british army soldiers win a racial discrimination case against the ministry of defence. the uk's former chief scientists said recent extreme weather is scary. and stop feeding the trolls — celebrities line up to ignore and block online abuse. good evening. in another day of political drama, boris johnson good evening. in another day of political drama, borisjohnson has held his first talks as prime minister with the president of the european commission, jean—claude juncker. after, mrjohnson told the bbc he was confident a deal could be done, that the eu had had a bellyful of brexit and they were fed up with the endless delays. earlier jean—claude juncker said it was the endless delays. earlier jean—claudejuncker said it was the uk's responsibility to come forward with legally operational solutions to the deadlock. but that such proposals hadn't yet been made. the prime minister of luxembourg said the brexit process had turned into a nightmare after talks with boris johnson. protesters meant mrjohnson decided not to attend a press conference. the luxembourg prime minister

rapidly made in the early 1830's is collected in 1865 by a british army officer and eventually findsts way back to and we were fortunate enough to be able to acquire it at that point. my hope is that people can come here and see different aspects of various plains tribes, the blackfeet, the code -- the crow, the lakota, the apache in this museum of being very important to that whole cultural part of the 1860's back to the 1760's, that bison culture, the buffalo culture of the planes people. plains. gallatin's are important not only because of the indian collection that we have acquired but also their integral in introducing boreen. they bring him out here when they are building their house in 1911 so he is a california in 1872 in california. he is probably most important cowboy artist of that era because he actually was a cowboy. remington and charlie russell were not cowboys by profession. by any stretch of the bore reallywhereas was and he workeden on ranches throughout california and mexico and participated in massive cattle drives. he was a marvelous draftsmen and you can see tha

when you hear about how the american army differed from the british military in demographics and organization and the office of selection process. this is about an hour. >> all right. welcome, everyone, to another exciting adventure in the history of war. today we've gotten to the continental army, so welcome to all of you and welcome to many of our new students watching from who knows where? happy 40th birthday,

prostrating himself, before a memorial for the 400 indian civilians who were massacred by the british armysh government has declined to apologise for this atrocity many years, that was by a british army officer. he can't apologise on behalf of the uk government but he has apologised very personally for what happened then,in very personally for what happened then, in sharp contrast to david conran and theresa may who said it was shameful —— david cameron. but they didn't go so far as to say sorry. the queen, as long ago as 1997, echoed some, as one understands it, voiced some significant regrets for this incident, which was condemned. it is quite interesting to read this, it was condemned by the then secretary of state for war, winston churchill, who called it a monstrous action. but nothing happened. and just to finish on that point, there was a statement of in parliament by theresa may in april around the time of the centenary of that massacre. staying with the times. geoffrey boycott has been knighted, what do you make of the outcry on the front page of the times? this story has been bui

but it would not be until 1775 and it would not be a british army commission. instead, it would be commander of continental forces in this revolutionary protest. and as he takes command of the continental army, young george pulled the politicians he would not accept pay for his service. however, he did expect that his expenses would be reimbursed. and in fact, through the course of the war, year after year, george would be reappointed, year after year, as commander. even though people like horatio gates and people like charles lee were angling to have washington replaced. washington stays in command. he doesn't take the pay, but he does accept expenses for his travel. in fact, every winter, martha would come stay with him and in fact, at one point, washington even asked for her expenses, because she is there, she keeps him entertained. keeps him happy and also works to make the plight of the troops better. well, over the last eight weeks or so, we've talked about how washington was as a military commander. and we pointed out that if you were a football coach he

to former british army soldiers have won a racial discrimination case against the ministry of defence. oil prices have surged after drone attacks on saudi arabian facilities knocked out 5% of global supply. ina knocked out 5% of global supply. in a moment it is time for sportsday. and later, behind 100 days will examine the crisis, donald trump says the us is locked and loaded. at half past eight, following a day of talks with eu leaders, we will analyse what has been said and asked is the prime minister any closer to reaching a deal on brexit. and later we will ta ke deal on brexit. and later we will take a first look at tomorrow's front pages. our reviewers are a features writer for the independent and a political strategist. that is all ahead here on bbc news. now it is time for sportsday. hello, i'm 0lly foster, here's what's coming up on sportsday this evening. europe lift the solheim cup but will it give the women's game the lift it needs in europe? what will rise from the ashes? we ta ke stock of england's summer. what's next forjoe root? we know what the autumn will bring. the

and the cruise a company for comment we'll bring those when they commit in the meantime former british army officer to british says there's no reason to doubt the authenticity of those leaked documents. it's an impressive piece of journalism by any standards i think to produce what she had to try to she's produced and apparently convincing evidence if these documents such genuine and so far at least there's been no indication whatsoever despite the opportunity to give in to people. show them as not genuine if that genuine these documents are indeed as dion has self suggests they are indeed explosive in a revelation so really what it shows is that long after we all know of course or many of us know about this operation timber sycamore busy that was launched by the us was run by many years by then a kind of arming and training project for syria's rebels supposedly moderate rebels . but of course invariably many of these weapons and it up in the hands of what even the us deems terrorists in syria that was all supposedly ended in 2017 when it was finally disclosed that it's actually publicly ac

and the british army molds a switch to eco friendly technology to blue on environmentally culturist generational.

british army wanted to shoot so random. then it grows. and all because of this now invisible border which lies somewhere in the middle of these farm fields soon the free range chickens might have to choose which side of the border they'll pick around the northern irish side or that of e.u. member state ireland. currently their feed comes from the republic of ireland while the farmers' post is delivered by britain's royal mail. farmer eileen hall tried to explain all that to former british prime minister to reach the may. though it didn't change anything. border crossings is part of her daily life like even bring the kids. and you know going to the shops or over back up to 20 times a day is just all the time but we don't think about it as you know it seamless. still no deal breaks it could lead to a return of tensions and violence and tom conlin has seen more than enough of that in his time. he doesn't know what the coming months will bring. the only thing he knows for sure is that his market will survive this crisis. the biggest barrier o

and the british army in malls has switched to eco friendly technology to build environmentally conscious generation of the recruits we asked people in london what they think of. the end of the years do you.

who's covered conflicts across the middle east and colonel tim collins a former commander in the british army and founder of new century a private military consulting company. babies and gentlemen please welcome erik prince. prince is currently the deputy chairman the executive director from tears services group a homecoming based security and the just. erik prince thank you for joining me on head to head. your back in the news with a new plan to privatize basically the u.s. led war in afghanistan but you were the founder and c.e.o. of blackwater perhaps the world's most notorious private security firm which during the iraq war became a byword for violence corruption lawlessness and yet you've never apologize for any of. i think that's an unfair characterization of the company did exactly what the u.s. government asked us to do which was to protect diplomats reconstruction officials visiting. un or or other congressional delegations we did more than 100000 missions no one under our care was ever killed or injured and people try to characterize the company as is overly aggressive less than one

and the british army most a switch to eco friendly technology to woo an environmentally conscious generation of you recruits people in london what they thought about. at the end of that you want to be put in a foreign line and.