today he will be talking about his topic from the ground battlefield, how the british army adapted toorth america in 1785. and it captures one of the fwraet messages of his work on that army, which is that the public imagery of red coats a as these often often a a dandy. it's woefully inaccurate. so it instructs me you're to forget everything you learn from the patriot and mel gibson and these are are not figments of the image nation he will present. >> your colleagues here for the bad judgment have asked me to speak today. the military library and museum. it's channel surfing, cnn, msnbc and fox news. i'd like to say i'm glad to spend today holed up in the 18th century. whenever a friend outside asked me about my job, they make the live i living by reading dead people's mail. like other historians, those who focus on the 20th and 21st or before the 20th and 21st century, apply by examining written records. that's where we find the information that tells us what the people of the past experien experience, what it meant to them and why it should matter to us. in other words, historians

or the british army. i think they had some real doubts about the fighting effectiveness of the indian army and the real accomplishment is to figure out how to mix in burqas, white batallions and indian batallions in mixed brigades which seemed to be the best formula. the british army did not get many british white replacements in 1944 and 1945. the indian army certainly bore a larger burden on fighting as the campaigns went on. 1945, the 14th army is pro dominantly the indian army, not british or burqa troops. the british supplied themselves. they had bases in india. they had sources of supply in india. they pretty much fought the war with what they had. you see american trucks, you see american jeeps, that they're ubiquitous throughout the theater. some aircraft were transferred to the r.a.f. there are all kinds of sort of transfers of capability. wingate would not take indian troops in the long range penetration groups. he insisted that they were undependable and he didn't want to worry about them and so

bill said the british army has regulation. they don't allow pipers.after the first world war, they blew up pipers and the sniper would kill you. we're not allowed to have pipers in combat, sir. lovat said, you're not in the british army. you're serving as scotsman. you're following my orders. bill millin said after the war, he waited for lovat to go first so he could test the depth of the water. why drown if you don't have. we don't know what tune he's playing there. who cares. any way, millin said it was cold, water was very cold that day. it was 57 degrees. when he finally walked in the water with his nice little scottish kilt, the kilt rose up rather like a tutu, like this. i should apologize to anybody who's scottish or scottsman or relate to a scotsman here. i won't because i'm english. i don't care. there's been expensive studies done about the size of various nationalities testicles. we know that all scotsmen do not wear anything under these tutu or kilt. they don't wear anything underneath. it's fair to say when he entered the water, not only

battles overtrast, property, battles over whether or not he joined the british army, british navy, but there was also clear that she did love him -- it was clear that she did love him and it was clear that he loved her. it was a loving relationship. host: i want to let our viewers join in on the conversation. we will open up regional lines for this last hour. that means, if you live in the eastern or central time zones, we want to do: at (202) 748-8000 -- we want you can to call in at (202) 748-8000. if you are mountain or pacific, your number is (202) 748-8001. keep in mind, you can always text us your questions at (202) 748-8003, and we are always reading social media, on twitter atpanwj and on facebook facebook.com/cspan. i'm always interested in the research that goes into things like this. the further we go back in history, the harder it is to find material that helps us build these narratives. what did you work from to come up with the story of mary ball washington? what information was out there on who she was and her life? yout: previous books, and have what you knew to be fact

or the british army. i think they had some real doubts about the fighting affect of the indian army. the real accomplishment is to figure out how to mix in the wet italians and indian battalion -- white battalions and indian per n battalions. the indian army bore a larger burden than the fighting as the campaigns went on. army is largely indian. supplied themselves. they had bases in india, sources of supply in india. they fought the war with what they had. ps, see american trucks, jee and they are ubiquitous throughout the theater. some aircraft were transferred to the raf. there are all kinds of transfers of capability. litigate would not take -- lindgate would not take indian troops as he insisted they were not dependent. equivalentwere the of the division and a half, maybe two divisions, sucked up a lot of the british battalions. slimdid not make general very happy. picture.ixed the numbers sometimes are misleading because you have lots of people but find out that not a lot of them were trigger pullers

and the i.r.a. >> the british army are the terrorists. duced a terrorist situation, not us. >> the army will stay in northern ireland as long as any faction seeks to terrorize or intimidate ordinary people. >> there was bad trouble in belfast northern ireland today, and the only word to describe it is ghastly. the irish republican army set off more than 20 explosions for an hour and a half, creating a scene of bloody carnage without parallel in the long history of northern irish violence. 13 people are known dead, more than 120 injured. >> that day became known as bloody friday. it was part of their campaign to try and undermine british rule in northern ireland and to make northern ireland effectively ungovernable. >> no warnings were given, and the targets seem to have been chosen precisely because they would be crowded with people at that time of day. >> what they managed to do was make the percussive regularity of bombs going off the norm in northern ireland during the 1970s. >> what do you think will happen? >> i think they'll just kee

a team of people that worked very early on the growing behind the backs of the british army. and that surely it was so it was set up to gather information and to run agents. to infiltrate even the e.v.f. until only agents and gather intelligence but as time went on agents that's where workin for the 1st were volunteers were going to cost the confirmation positions. they were all the agents and the same units so no we had to be agents both men both free and former. inevitably what happened was one started to kill the old. which sounds crazy but it did happen and eventually we get the steak knife. it was also a free agent and he is know now i understand freddie's scupper teachy steak knife denies it well of course you would. he saved your life though they'll never get going to say there's no they'll never get a man to court because the minister of defense the one of the court because if he goes into court and he starts to talk about information he passed to the free pass to his 100 peter it passed it to colonel care who passed it to the minister of defense i mean her a oped as

obviously he knew but she was too busy -- to preoccupied with the rag tag army over seven years trying to evade british victory after -- victory and that's washington's genius, keep the army together going from battle to battle. losing many and winning a few but winning a few important ones. >> host: was there any contact between then general washington and his mother during the revolution. >> guest: no. he wrote many hers to mart that but no communication between george and mary during the seven years of the american revolution. >> host: why do you think that was? abuse he is too busy -- to. >> guest: i don't think anything nefarious. >> host: was there a rift. >> guest: i don't think -- nothing emerged to suggest that. not any contemporaneous letters or diaries indicate thread was a rust between the relationships. just that he was very busy. there are other examples, too, about how much he loved her and devoted to her he was, and he always -- all of his letters to her were always addressed as, honored madam. now, it was respectful. that's clear, but also kept her at somewhat of a arm's length distanc

discovered there were 25 young navy spend the same as me who'd left fail fast and very to join the british army so that was an unusual. ok it will be seen isn't unusual maybe on in the end derry around $177.00 the republicans they enter what you call an anti capitalist phase tell me about you witnessing that because. you didn't seem to support their anticapitalist phases around the time the ira killed jeffrey i gate of du pont du pont of course in from as for supplying agent orange vietnam which killed a thing a war that killed 4000000 somebody made the decision some where the thumb people time the normal a's our society in north with big factories and lots of jobs was the wrong way to go on i remember really well been at home one night. a knock came to the door and my neighbor said to me this young guy here looking for your sister. and i think is the trouble so we brought him and we looked after him as it turned out that she was one of the people that was involved in the murder of geoffrey i get. i mean even his murder caused mayhem all the across to america when when president carter even sai

going to wave goodbye breaks it gets his final rubber stamping from the european parliament as british army with their last person call. a warm welcome you're watching r.t. international with me. our top story the world health organization has declared an international health emergency over the coronavirus outbreak the organization is concerned of the spreading of the virus to countries with a weak a health system than china where the virus initially. i'm declaring a public close emergency of international concern. over the global outbreak of call a number of voters let me be clear this declaration is not a vote of no confidence in china on the contrary. continues to have a confidence in china's. to control the outbreak. well meanwhile fears of the corona virus are spreading far quicker than the disease itself is also seen asians around the world reporting a spike in racism in ontario thousands signed a petition calling on local schools to keep children who have recently traveled to china out of class the petition also says such p.p. pull should be isolated for 17 days original school autho

a team of people that worked very early on the growing behind the backs of the british army no initially it was thought it was set up to gather information and to run agents g.e. and for trade theory to infiltrate even the e.v.f. and their own agents and gather intelligence but as time went on agents that were working for the fruit who were volunteers were maybe caught in compromising positions. there were all the agents in the same unit so no we had to be agents both both for informers on inevitably what happened was one star of the kill the other was science crazy but it did happen and eventually we get the steak knife. it was also a free agent and he is know now i understand freddie's scupper teachy steak knife denies it well of course you would. he saved your life oh they'll never get going to say there's no they'll never get him and the court because the minister of defense the one i'm in court because if he goes into court and he starts to talk about information he passed to the free pass to his hand or peter who passed it to colonel care it passed it to the minister of defense i m

but despite claims of progress, the british army is still well below its target ‘s strength.t stop butter attention to. —— butter attention, too. —— but retention. for more on that story breakfast is coming up at six o'clock with charlie stayt and louise minchin. they'll have all the day's news, business and sport, plus rail fares rise by an average of almost 3% today, despite another year of cancellations and delays for many commuters. will be talking to commuters this morning as they head back to their workplace. all here at six o'clock on bbc one. this is the briefing from bbc news. the latest headlines: australian officials have ordered a mass evacuation from coastal areas of new south wales. thousands have hit the road — as bushfires close in. israel's prime minister, benjamin netanyahu, says he's seeking immunity from prosecution over charges of bribery, fraud and breach of trust. new research has suggested a! can be more accurate at diagnosing breast cancer that doctors or radiologists. now it's time to look at the stories that are making the headlines in the media acr

he has dug the british out of a hole by rescuing the british army from dunkirk. no one knows more about assembling huge armies of small boats and ferrying armies across the channel. he oversaw the arrangements for the invasion of sicily. he is the unsung hero because at the end of the war in january 1944 to 1945, bertram ramsey is killed in a plane crash. he is not involved in the peacetime honors and largely slips from history, which is a shame because he single-handedly with his genius and vision is the architect of operation neptune, which gets everybody across the channel but they trust anybody goes deeper. be ais where it is fun to military historian because you dig into people's backgrounds. bertrand ramsey'sbertrand ramsen the service as an army officer. regiment on the british northwest frontier near the end of the 19th century. in holidays, he would spend time with his father's regiment, being a young regiment on the british man, he would get to know the new the arrived officers in his father's regiments. in the light -- the late 19th century, the office

the european parliament gives final approval for breakfast as the british army to stage a rowdy farewell and their last ever appear. much except.

get the final rubber stamping from the european parliament as british army pays out with their last cuts and call. up the syrian army liberate the key terrorist stronghold and it live probably in the claims and counterclaims are exchanged in the un security council.

breaks it get this final rubber stamping from the european parliament as british army pays bow out with that last curtain call.

we're going to get breaks it gets his final rubber stamping from the european parliament as british army with their last cozen call.

he served in the british army for ten years with active service twice in afghanistan. >> it's very easyo completely forget about who i am when i'm in the army. i'm one of the guys. i don't get treated any differently. >> reporter: but he is giving all that up for a new life with his family in north america. >> i've accepted this knowing that it doesn't change who i am or how committed i am. but i hope that helps you understand what it had come to. that i would step my family back from all i have ever known to take a step forward into what i hope can be a more peaceful life. >> reporter: the couple will keep their private charities, including harry's flagship project, the invictus games for wounded soldiers. where harry and meghan have ended up is a far cry from bega. a royal wedding watched by millions. but it's not been the fairy tale they hoped for. back in october in an itv documentary harry and meghan, an african journey, meghan admitted that royal life has been overwhelming. >> not many people have asked if i'm okay. but it's a very real thing to be going through behind the scenes.

and he has dug the british out of a hole by rescuing the british army from dunkirk. no one knows more about assembling used numbers of small boats and ferrying armies across the channel. he oversaw the arrangements for operation torch and for the invasion of sicily. and he is the unsung hero because at the end of the war in january 1944 to 1945, bertram ramsay is killed in an air crash. he is not involved in the peacetime honors and largely slips from history, which is a great shame because he single-handedly with his genius savior -- is the the architect of operation neptune, which gets everybody across the channel and then sustains operations all the way through for the rest of the year. but the trust and the bond goes much deeper. this is where it is great fun to be a military historian, because you dig deep into people's background. bertram ramsey's father was in the service, but as an army officer. bertram ramsey's fathen the service, but as an army officer. he had commanded a regiment of cavalry on the northwest front at the end of the 19th century. in his summ

place britain is due to officially leave the european union in 2 days' time you spoke with one british army who is trying not to look back and. packing his bags before the final trip home british m.e.p. magic majeed had only 7 months and the european parliament now his country's officially leaving and so must he now the 1st green i mean peter gunn that's in the end it was unfaithful to the people of your home basically. the summer and then like christmas cards really nothing exciting and honestly. elected in may of 2019 was one of 73 pritish any peace in the current cohort with bracks it that term ends on the 31st of general now he'll have to find a new job for himself and his stuff but his real concern is europe aside because we're losing a lot of losing out like. workers' rights environments so many things that we lose and lose in our close relation with european union young people feel like they've been betrayed because they're no longer able to go to be able to travel freely around the european union for the love to so many things and it is yeah it just is a disaster. before he was elec

the european parliament gives final approval for breakfast as british army to stage a rowdy farewell and their last ever appear. to take section of the capital city and get its hero in the village on the outskirts of east jerusalem and we visit an arab neighborhood branch behind a concrete security barrier in east jerusalem held by donald trump as the future capital of the palestinian state. you're watching r t international bring you your live news update from our studio here in moscow welcome to the program. unsubstantiated accusations that's how russia is branding u.k. and u.s. jobs at the u.n. security council on syria thank you as damascus and its allies of killing civilians in an offensive on the northwestern province of idlib it was launched more than a month ago to liberate the remaining terrorist stronghold from al qaeda linked fighters up wiped out that the terrorists using civilians as human shields and firing at humanitarian corridors are the ones to blame. we all recall the significant escalation and syrian regime and russian violence in the escalation and it is not due

farewells and flag waving from british army peas and their final ever session at the european parliament on wednesday as lawmakers approved the withdrawal agreement britain set to at last quit the e.u. on friday evening setting in motion a year long transition period the leader of the party nigel frosh had this parting message for brussels. so this is it the final chapter at the end of the road a 47 year political experiment we use of europe we just hate the european union it's as simple as that nigel for she is a lived in loathed in pretty much equal measure depending on who you speak to in the leader of the briggs it party wasn't going to let his last chance to address the european parliament go without making a bit of a scene in the chamber there you want to burn our national flags or we're going to wave goodbye i will look forward in the future to working with you please sit down resume your seats put your flags away you're leaving and take them with you if you are leaving now and i but the issue with the flags comes after just last week david so i saw you who's the president of the

before graduating from sandhurst military academy and serving in the british army for several months on his return to a man in 1966 his determination to modernize his country is said to have been ignored by his father. 4 years later backed by the british sultan qaboos seize the throne he was immediately plunged into his 1st crisis an uprising by communists in though far in the south of a man who wanted independence it took a further 6 years before the fighting ended with the man being supported by forces from britain jordan and iran. a man's links with iran as well as its foreign policy of maintaining good relations with other neighboring countries have made it one of the main negotiators in the gulf that flexible foreign policy has been controversial in october 28th sort on caboose met israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu in the omani capital muscat the meeting dismayed critics who said arab states should not be hosting israeli leaders until peace was established between israel and the palestinians a man's foreign minister said his country was simply facilitating efforts towards

before graduating from sandhurst military academy and serving in the british army for several months on his return to a man in 1966 his determination to modernize his country is said to have been ignored by his father. 4 years later backed by the british sultan qaboos seize the throne he was immediately plunged into his 1st crisis an uprising by communists in though far in the south of a man who wanted independence it took a further 6 years before the fighting ended with the man being supported by forces from britain jordan and iran. a man's links with iran as well as its foreign policy of maintaining good relations with other neighboring countries have made it one of the main negotiators in the gulf that flexible foreign policy has been controversial in october 28th sort on caboose met israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu in the omani capital muscat the meeting dismayed critics who said arab states should not be hosting israeli leaders until peace was established between israel and the palestinians a man's foreign minister said his country was simply facilitating efforts towards

an argument which says, that we were only doing to them what they did to us is that you and the british army trying to send a message about british values which frankly your actions... i‘m not suggesting it‘s right. i‘m just using your example as a reason why that happened back then. from my point of view, that had no bearing on my actions on the day. more my mental health was the key factor there. so let‘s get back to this long—winded judicial process. the court—martial convicted you of murder. yes. you are a murderer. yes. you were sent to prison initially for ten years, and then it was reduced to eight. you were then the subject of a very high—profile campaign that this was an injustice. and ultimately, i think it was in 2017, an appeal court, martial court, decided that actually, given the new evidence about your mental state, you had committed manslaughter, not murder. do you feel, given how long it took to get to this point, desperately let down by the military? no. you know, i still have great affection for the military, especially the royal marines. you know, arguably mistakes were m

arrogant and a moral that it doesn't return anything it's not prepared no matter how brutally the british army and he did act brutally in the 19th century it would kill the men the women the children on so-called punishment raids that it would steal everything it could lay it hands on they called it they did it officially and the wonder who's the treasures of benny in the treasures of mecca the treasures of these places and indeed the treasures of china. the 8th the odin led the attack in the opium wars the worst crimes against humanity in the 1900. addicting the chinese to opium to improve britain's trade balance he attacked the sum a palace which was the pathan all of the of asia china is trying to buy the bats i tried or is now trying to even steal them back it's thought to get each treasures back. you call the museums of blood yes they museums of propaganda is that really where the british museum wants to keep the heart of the problem is the inability of british museums to face and to describe accurately these colonial outrages the van de at an exhibit a few months ago about the my dollar

break that gets its final rubber stamping from the european parliament as british army pays out with their last cuts and call. up the syrian army liberate the key terrorist stronghold in it live probably the claims and counterclaims are exchanged in the un security council. of millions of civilians are now even greater risks to the escalation in the group is not due to the operations of the syrian armed forces but the constant and deliberate provocations of the terrorists. a very warm welcome to you you're watching r.t. international with me because. there's outrage among palestinians after the u.s. president unveiled a peace plan which critics call heavily biased in favor of israel more than 40 protests have been injured in clashes with israeli security forces in the west bank . amid the outrage that has long and goes the streets off the west bank at all times senior middle east advisor and son in law jared commission has pulled scorn on the ability of the palestinians to run their own state if they want to get to a conclusion they have to like people who are ready for state and the

there was some out of the ordinary scenes today in the european parliament as british army pays attended their final ever session with the u.k. finally leaving the e.u. on friday evening european parliamentarians on wednesday approved the withdrawal agreement the leader of the breaks the party nigel for raj in his final speech stress that while he's against the e.u. he's not against europe. so this is a final chance at the end of the road for a 47 year political experiment we love europe we just hate the european union it's as simple as that. well joining us live from berlin now with the latest on this story authorities peter oliver peter good to see you and what exactly went down today and what does it all mean well nigel for raj is well he tends to be loved and loathed in equal measure depending on who you speak to he certainly wasn't going to let his final address to the european parliament as leader of the breaks that party the house that he's he's such in for a number of years as an m.e.p. he wasn't going to let that go by without making a bit of a scene. do you want to go national

similar event held between 201-2014 during this period of time prince harry was in serving in the british army as a captain helicopter pilot and. this moment in 2013 he opened the actual games and that inspired him to bring it across the atlantic ocean and start the invictus games and you know it's been you know quite the event is in a lot of intervention and sounds great roy does why was germany chosen to host the games and 2022 well you know when you look at germany you look at the number of active soldiers they have nearly 200000 in even the german parliament they were always supporters of the invictus games stating that they wanted to make sure they say the clear signal that they did support you know the german veterans and even prince harry touched on it in said he thought germany was the perfect place to carry the mantle forward in such a successful games and the mayor of dusseldorf himself actually chimed in and said he's very proud to be chosen to host a tournament and he plans for it to be held carried out with heart and emotion so all in all you know it does really you know just show

breaks that gets its final rubber stamping from the european parliament as british army pays buyouts with the last curtain call. a very warm welcome to you watching on c international with me. and our top story this hour fears of the coronavirus all spreading fall quicker than the disease itself has also seen asians around the world reporting a spike in racism and on taria thousands signed a petition calling on local schools to keep children who have recently traveled to china the origin of the outbreak of closs they petition also says such people should be isolated for 17 days and which is old school authorities has rejected the idea. what we are trying to get at really is to make sure the situation is not giving rise to any inadvertent racism or any of those things that could single out a community at this time. the strain of corona virus 1st emerged in the chinese city of rouhani never been seen before close to 8000 cases of the disease have now been confirmed in china alone the virus has since spread to at least 15 countries but all of them have only had isolated cases with canad