the british empire encouraged glory during war. if you got it war that was great. you are remarkable. it was a very strong motivation for him. i think for many participants in the revolution. i think that this letter is pretty clear that those of not taking into account of war and those days of night air entry if you will are something that necessarily great. he is able to temper his attitude towards war. by the way, if you people from the california berkeley. as well as from my high school. then sell washington was not really our football coach. can i get another question? >> i have a question regarding the beginning of the talk you mentioned john washington. you did not mention his partner nicholas spencer who was a member of the junior government. phillip: washington, george promised mount vernon to jack during the french and indian war. john died before the war ended. so he be that she comes to live there once george dies. he had no children. it goes to the rest of the siblings of jack. >> nicholas spencer was a partner with john -- phillip: that allowed him to

the british empire encouraged glory during war. if you died in war, that was great. you are a martyr. it was very strong motivation for him. i think also for many participants in the revolution. i think that this letter is pretty clear that those of not of not taking into account the drumbeat of war are something not necessarily great. he is able to temper his attitude towards war in the future. by the way, if you people here from the university of california at berkeley. as well as from my high school. williams high school, as made famous in the film "remember the titans." we were not coached by denzel ough.ngton th can i get another question? >> i have a question regarding the beginning of the talk you mentioned john washington. you did not mention his partner partner, nicholas spencer, who was a member of the junior government. phillip: washington, george promised mount vernon to jack during the french and indian war. john died before the war ended. so he comes over to live there once george dies. he had no children. it goes to the rest of the siblings of jack. >>

loaathed of new york hed british empire -- loat the british empire. , so thatwere not happy adds up toity of the population who are opposed to get into the war. events played out and their war came closer and closer to home, we went to war. but ibeyond us here, think i tried to lay out the nature of the process in the book. this did two things. one it put the state at the service of those interested in nowallied stuff and defined diversity itself as being yes, andknow, treason, using the state to suppress immigrant groups it thought were on the wrong side. and during the war they make overtures to the women's movement, involve the progressive movement looking for regulation of wages and hours, made approaches to the labor movement. you making deals in order to get the war ise, then done and the government steps okk and says in essence, o capital, ok labor, ok feminist, let the games begin. there are hundreds of strikes in new york city, overwhelmingly just for better wages and working conditions and union , but the opponents in the capitalist world said this is the beginning of the bol

verified that kosher it came from india during the days when egypt like india was part of the british empire. and the pasta that's in it because it's a mixture of rice lentils and noodles that form the basis of the dish supposedly came from the italians who were living in egypt at the time. there was a big italian community there which was responsible for pasta finding its way into the dish in the in this case what kosher is simply unique. it. is egypt's version of fast food there it can be found on almost every street corner and. it's mix of rice noodles and lentils is also popular because it's traditionally a beacon dish variations with ground meat or occasionally offered. spices like human and her along with white wine vinegar give the sauce its unmistakable taste. and kosher we just wouldn't be complete without some caramelized onions on top. or in egypt koshary is mainly offered at roadside stalls or snack bars but it's an inexpensive and filling meal which is why it's a favorite among students and young people in general. he was extremely important is that vinegar has to be added to th

tide has been shifted, and this puts new york city in a position to do an end run around the british empireean empires to provide capital in latin america, loans, business guidance in asia and africa, to contest the european global domination of the economy, which it sets out to do immediately. this has been talked about for a great deal. is this it? we have been waiting two decades at least for new york to enter the list to challenge london for supremacy, and this could be the moment. it was almost the moment. britain still have the empire, the navy, and it is not until 1945 at the end of the second war that the supremacy of the city is unchallenged and with the arrival of the united nations, symbolically the capital of the world. jeff: how much has the essential character of new york changed? do you think it is dramatically different now than it was 100 years ago? mike: well, i like quoting, although my memory is not good enough to quote for you exactly, there was a book that was done called the psychology of urban america or something like that, looking at characteristics of culture and

brings us to the question of empire, because at the time of the diamond jubilee, in ‘97, the british empireeat moment. and then, within a few years there was the boer war and gladstone, who had never really been a man of empire, was really proved right in the way he almost can see the beginning of the end. yes. i mean, gladstone saw empire much as the romans saw their empire, which was that you only added a bit to it in the interests of defence. you didn't do it for reasons of exploitation or expansion. and he didn't really understand why people wanted to have a scramble for africa. of course, people like cecil rhodes and joe chamberlain, who was the colonial secretary back in london, were very keen to get their hands on places like the orange free state and the transvaal in particular, that had huge gold and diamond reserves and they used the excuse of british settlers in those boer republics being maltreated, being denied civil rights, to start the boer war. and it was believed that because these were a bunch of rough dutch farmers, armed with carbines, that the british army would flatten

at that time, the crumbling remains of the british empire and the british authorities said, the youngirl in the forest, absolutely not but in the end if she brings a companion so it was my mother that volunteered to come. she left england. she came with me to share an old tent. i was in the hills everyday with spiders and snakes and scorpi s scorpions. the baboons were radiating the tents to find food. she was amazing, was she? >> i was so lucky and it was really sad she left before i saw that tool using. >> when she left and you just answered that. how far into your work did your mother live to see? >> oh, she left in the 2000s so she saw it all unfolding and she was there whecn i got my phd an a couple of honorary degrees and one journalist says to her, are you proud of your daughter and she looked at him and she said, what would you say if i said no. [ laughter ] >> i like your mom even more now. >> the thing about you that always fascinated me and following you over the years and learning more of your back story for this conversation and watching this documentary, um, you have alw

in 1819 with the british east india company, establishing at first as a trading post for the british empireuickly becoming a economic hub and regional capital for the british empire's new colony on the malayan peninsula. after world war ii, singapore clamored for independence, first becoming part of the malaysian federation, then a fully independent state in 1965. helmed by its first prime minister, lee kwan yeu, tiny singapore famously went from a third world outpost to a first world nation in a single generation. >> cab driver: in singapore, rules and regulations in singapore is very strict. we have to follow them. like, i am taxi, i can't break any laws. >> anthony: so if a camera catches you? >> cab driver: yeah, everything is in camera. so it is imptant everyon we have to follow the rules and regulations, that's the reason singapore is very good. same time, singaporeans are very hard working. as human beings, what we need? food to eat, clothes to wear, a place to sleep, you can get in singapore. so in other words, we have to continue work, you see. if you're working, you'll get somethi

and this puts new york city in a position to do an end run around the british empire or the other european empires to provide capital to latin america to provide loans and business guidance in asia and in africa, to contest the european domination of the global economy. which it sets out to do immediately. this is all talked about a great deal. is this it? we have been waiting for two decades at least since the beginning of 98y for new york to enter the list to challenge london for supreme see and this could be the moment it was almost the moment, britain still had the empire, britain still had the navy, it's not really until 1945 at the end of the second war that the supremacy of the city is unchallenged and with the rival of the u.n. is becomes symbolically the capitol of the world. >> how much has the essential character of new york changed? is it, do you think it's dramically different now than its with a hundred years ago? >> well, i like quoting, although my memory isn't good enough to quote for you exactly, but ilike quoting, there was a book that was done called the psychology of u

side defending britain itself he was interested in reestablishing and maintaining the british empirethat probably didn't have much of an effect until towards the endlo of the war when it became obvious that germans were going to lose and i was wondering and i also understand that for the roosevelt was not inclined that way. he was an anti- colonialist and i was wondering if the relationship between the two through the war and especially at the end of the war when britain wantedwa to reassert itself and its empire. >> guest: that's an excellent question. all of what you said is true. churchill still very much an empire guy and he really believe that the british empire -- he basically thought that britain's future after the war would be with the british empire and with the us in a special relationship. he was absolutely determined not to give up the empire as a result of the war. roosevelt, as you said, was very anti- colonialist and he was constantly pressuring churchill in terms of basically saying the days of the empire were over and this wase a huge point of controversy between the

he says you are too closely aligned with british empire, french empire, dutch empire. his name is kenneth landon. he says what we need is an alliance with indigenous people. he fights this all the way through the war. one of the most interesting things he does, this guy is the author of the document of earliest date in the pentagon papers released in 1971, all these documents about how the united states got foolishly involved in vietnam, this guy is the author of the earliest document which is 1946. what it is based on is ten days of conversations he has with hochi min. they develop this idea that the united states maybe should take over vietnam as a protecter to protect from the chinese and russians like the united states had the philippines as a protector. >> what's motivating the missionaries to move the united states in this direction? is it their faith? is it their patriotism? what is it? >> the basic background, sort of starting point is classic christian liberalism. these people took the sermon on the mount realistically in christ there is no male or female, no

representatives from imperial germany sat at a conference table facing the victorious allies, france, the british empire, and the united states. after hours of basically one-sided negotiations, an armistice ending the war was finally signed. (cheering) (somber music) it was a huge humiliation for the proud germans and it led to an even bigger humiliation, the treaty of versailles. that treaty stripped germany of most of it's military and saddled it with punishing financial penalties called reparations. the railroad car was made into a monument celebrating the allied victory and france's top general, marshal foch, was a national hero. the so-called war to end all wars was finally over, but an even bigger war was soon to begin. (dramatic music) under adolf hitler, germany was again fighting the allies and this time, the germans were winning. after invading paris, the nazis forced the french to sign an armistice. remembering the humiliation they had endured in that railroad coach back in 1918, it was characteristic of hitler to want revenge. - [announcer] also characteristic were his terms for the armistic

verified that kosher it came from india during the days when egypt like india was part of the british empire and the pasta that's in it because it's a mixture of rice lentils and noodles that form the basis of the dish supposedly came from the italians who were living in egypt at the time. there was a big italian community there which was responsible for pasta finding its way into the dish in the installation what kosher is simply unique. it. is egypt's version of fast food there it can be found on almost every street corner and. it's mix of rice noodles and lentils is also popular because it's traditionally of the condition the variations with ground meat are occasionally offered. spices like cumin and herbicide along with white wine vinegar give the sauce it's unmistakable taste. and kosher we just wouldn't be complete without some caramelized onions on top. in egypt koshary is mainly offered at roadside stalls or snack bars but it's an inexpensive and filling meal which is why it's a favorite among students and young people in general. was extremely important is that vinegar has to be add

that gave our founding fathers and mothers the moral high ground and to free themselves from the british empire. without this, they probably would not have won. no, this is what the fundamental beliefs were in life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness and also the right of people to declare themselves free and independent, to create a country based on shared beliefs and shared ideals and values. this is what we hope. those shared beliefs in liberty and justice, we hope those are the things that unite us today and that is what united us and made us a nation. after all, we don't have one race, one religion or one ethnic group. but that said, there are many other countries of the world whose nationalism and patriotism are based on the fact that they have an identity with other people that share their cultural and racial identities. this is what units them as a people. they are ethnically the same and culturally the same and same type of roots in their past. this is what most countries are like and that is what tw defines a nationality and recognizing similar people do not want to live in the subj

british and french. for the french plotted how to divide the arab lands of the ottoman empire assuming it would finally fall. agreement to divide it into french and british spheres of influence france taking most of the levant southern anatolia and the area while the british extended their control over the southern expanding eastward. and all the land between there. and the french territory. historic palestine then still part of the ottoman empire was a bone of contention and would be put under international administration. but. that. i don't. order. was it that one of them while with your how to have fought can be when i can let you can i can't be sure i think the british felt that there had not been enough government involvement in concluding the states because agreement with the french and in the process they had not really protected their interests well enough for a post world war era in which the british empire would continue to seek to be a dominant force in european affairs and so really officials across whitehall including mark sykes himself felt it was a bad deal if you have ilja going to archives

the wake of the napoleonic wars and the deaths and the need for soldiers in other parts of the british empire he is having more and more difficulty managing. these disorders in addition when he does call out the militia what happens is often they end up opening fire on a crowd killing lots of people creating martyrs inflaming further on the rest and he said i need a force that can manage these outrages without inflaming passions further and he develops the peace preservation force which is the first attempt to create a hybrid military civilian force that can try to win over the population by bedding itself in the local communities taking on some crime control functions but their primary purpose was always the manage of the occupation he then explores that model to london as the industrial working classes are flooding the city dealing with the issues of poverty cycles of boom and bust in the economy and that becomes their primary mission and we had a very similar process in the united states which you write about in the book at one point or the call of the pennsylvania cossacks yes so the crea

army officer he used to be in the liberal democrat party and he was awarded the order of the british empirethe other be his services to international security and henry bolton joins us now. hello there henry congratulations on your new position i mean well let's start there with your key party policy which is u.k. independence well the exit secretary david davis has issued a strong warning to the you that britain says that we no deal if there's no breakthrough in talks what do you think of that i think that's absolutely right my fear is that it's well and good saying that but the british government was plan and prepare to leave we must we must be prepared to leave and we must be prepared immediately to leave if necessary if there is no deal and that without that preparation there's no real credibility behind such a statement well let's look at some other independence issues i mean particular the one we've been talking about which is spain the european parliament is holding a meeting on the council on crisis but the main focus so far has been less been on the legality i should say of the ref

he basically thought the future was with the british empire and united states and was a obsoletes determineds you say he was very anti-colonial constantly pressuring churchill to save the days of the empire were over this is a huge point of controversy so what would happen after words so the united states and the soviet union would take over the most responsibility for the war? they were running out of people or soldiers or many -- money that they were clearly the worst starting 1943. and so basically roosevelt eight were together a lot and started to lose interest in churchill and england with the soviet union and made that clear in a couple of meetings that they had i don't think it was roosevelts finest hour.it was he was siding with fallen. but it was painful becausewa he did feel he thought he was close and thought he was close and when this started to happen and but it should be dissolved with the empireit d it was difficult to expect. roosevelt died right before the end of the war but churchill did not go. easily could have but he said he had too much work. sova to be so hurt what roo

gerard: i don't think it's about a british empire.ositioning itself in the changing global economy. the european union needs to do that as well. the pound was heavily overvalued last year. even the international monetary fund prior to the referendum result set it was overvalued around 15%. things in itsany favor, but it does have a 20% problem, which you used to be well used to. the current account deficits has been far too high. i think a weaker pound was necessary and has been turned down for some time. in terms of where the pound is now, i think it's a pretty competitive levels. i was in china last week and the chinese are credibly up the about the longer-term potential for the cap you can u.k. they see it as an incredibly attractive proposition. they can always move. i would suggest the pound is pretty competitive at present levels. tom: are the tories forgetting the people of united kingdom? francine has been great about moving forward a chart of negative real wage growth. that can only go on for so long, can it? gerard: this is

change the system you know americans were proud that they react reacted to the failing of the british empire by saying we don't want to better keyring we don't want to reform the king we don't want to monarchy we want an end to the king system and we set up something else we can do the same for our economic system it's long overdue to have at least an honest debate and what our political leaders are afraid of and why it's so important to bring it up in programs like this is we need to ask and debate the question have we come to the end of capitalism and if so what's the best way forward taking that as the basis for asking new questions and going in new directions on an island and i look forward to continuing that conversation professor richard wolfe neo. great having you thank you. coming out and his nonstop whining about the n.f.l. protests is any indication dom trump is about to go for richard nixon on the culture wars will work as brian pruitt now which lawson in tonight's politics after the break. your launching an r t america special report tonight about this bug me as one of. chaser gr

the docklands organized shipping for the vast british empire. evoking the days when britannia ruled the waves, the old west india warehouses survive. but rather than trading sugar and rum, today they house the museum of london docklands and a row of happening restaurants. london's docklands illustrates how, in order to fully experience the energy of a great city, you often need to get out of the historic old town and explore its modern business district.

establishing it first as a trading post for the british empire. soon there after singapore grew. ic hub and regional capital for the british colony on the malay peninsula. after world war ii singer clamored for independence first a part of the malz yan frgs than an independent state in 1965. tiny singapore famously went from a third world outpost to a first world nation in a single generation. >> in singapore. >> yeah. >> rules and regulations in singapore is very strict. we have to follow them. i'm a taxi. i can't break any law >> camera catches. >> you everything in camera. we have to follow the rules and regulations. that's why singapore is very good. same time everybody in singapore is hard working. we need food to eat clothes to wear, place to live. we have to continue. once laez, we out. >> by some measure singapore is a welfare state taking care of less fortunate but at its heart it's the cold blooded merit tok raycy you follow rules work hard and have a good life. that's the message. >> we are starting to define the definition before we are clear with the five cs, car, con

my understanding is that winston churchill was a very strong proponent of the british empire and besides sitting with himself or england itself he was interested in reestablishing, maintaining the british empire after the war. that probably didn't have much effect until the end of the war until it was obvious the germans were going to lose. i always understand that president roosevelt wasn't enclined that way and was kind of anti-clonalist. i was wondering the relationship between the two and after the war. he was determined not to give up the empire as a result of the war. he was saying the days of the empire were over and this is a huge poipt of controversy between the two men. it occurred at the same time the united states and the soviet union were taking over more responsibility for the car. the u.s. and soviet union were clearly the big boys in the war stating in 1943. they had been close churchill and together a lot from pearl harbor onwards starting loosing interest in churchill and england. it was obvious he was siteing with him on a number of issues and the two of them making fu

empire. and i just finished reading two books by hastings. british, right? and he wrote retribution about the war in japan and also wrote armageddon about the last year of the war in europe. it points out, and i met it's what you already said, he points out that fdr and the government in general, dissuaded britain from becoming more involved in the last year in the war on the pacific because they saw that as an intent -- attempt by him towards having legitimacy. in the pacific. so i thought that was very interesting. i just came across that in the hastings book. >> john, why your seemingly large interest in the world war ii era? >> why is it? >> yes, sir. >> that is a very interesting question. i guess i started, i was when pearl harbor was attacked, i was four years old. but i am amazed at the recollection that i have and the war was over, i was eight years old and i had such vivid recollections which is hard for me to explain. the only thing i can attribute it to is that the war permeated everything in our lives. it was not like today. when the war is bein

this was very common for the british empire. they would lead to recruit these numbers and graduates to become spies. and they can wander into other countries. but actually faucet was sent to africa as a spy. but then in 1906 he turned his attention fully to the amazon and strictly to exploration. at the time the amazon really remained the last large blank space on the map this should give you a sense of its size to give you a greater image. it is the size of the continental united states. so it was largely unexplored because of the jungle and the secretary of though world geographic society at the time said nobody knows. but it remains so unexplored that bolivia and brazil did not even know where their borders were. they needed somebody to come in to figure out where they were. so they asked the royal geographic society as a representative and they sent him percy fawcett he said it was his destiny and off he went. so for the next several years he mapped an enormous amount of space to give you some sense of the area that he was e

at that point in time, every other empire, the british empire, the soviet empire, alexander the greatto pull out because it's not going to work. >> okay, and i want to turn back to more domestic issues here, jeanne. you heard the very civil gun debate we had between the two members of congress but do you think there will be any legislation especially about those bump stock -- actually the nra said they believe the device is designed to allow semiautomatic rifles to function like fully automatic rifles. should be subject to additional regulations so is that a sign they'll do something. >> it is a sign that they want to do something. the trouble is if you look at the regulations, they have -- the atf cannot do it by itself and they'll have to move a bill if they want to do it properly and once you put a piece of gun legislation on the senate floor, strange things can happen. so i mean i think the nra wants it to be regulation because that's a piece of paper. they can help write the sentence. they can keep it really, really narrow but if you talk to the atf, they told us that this is not

all of this injustice is the direct legacy of the british empire that often made its place in the worldlism. the empire produced a toxic national identity, yet many people are yearning to roll back the clock to when britannia ruled the waves. so rather than draping themselves in the flag, ortearing up during the anthem british sports stars should take a knee or clench a fist. the flag is not a symbol of pride but of oppression. an anthem praising the monarch is not unifying, but divisive. a nation that will not deal with the realities of its racism is not one that the children of the colonies can feel part of. so never again will i stand for the national anthem. the duke of westminster has escaped paying inheritance tax on a fortune estimated at more than £8.5 billion. the estate appears to have been in family trusts which were passed to his son, now the 7th duke of westminster. the example may be a rather exotic one, but the question of inheritance tax is one that's divided this country for decades. should children get to inherit their pa rents' wealth? and — to the question that threw

." >> if the british empire and its commonwealth last for 1,000 years, men will still say this was theirinister winston churchill's voice helped save europe. dental technician derek cudlipp helped save that voice. and when he leaves his son, nigel, the teeth that won world war ii, well, that's one strange inheritance. no surprise that, after nigel puts churchill's chompers up for auction, the story goes viral. in fact, that's the point. how do you think your father would have felt about so many people knowing about the dentures? >> i mean, he would have been secretly proud, but because he was so shy, he needed someone to speak for him, so i'm pleased to have done that. >> as history called derek cudlipp to fashion false teeth that preserved churchill's lisp, nigel calls andrew bullock to sell them. did you think they were immediately something that you would take to auction? >> oh, yes, yes. one felt sort of quite honored to be handling something to do with a great man. >> after andrew examines the dentures, he estimates their value at around £5,000, or $8,000. they were solid gold. >> y

historically with the breakup, you know, the british empire in south asia, there was an attempt to create a group that would be both in pakistan and afghanistan, because they see themselves as tribes, tribes before country. duane: absolutely. absolutely they do. vince: yes? she is coming right behind you. audience member: so it is my understanding that the president -- present administration somehow thinks that the interest of the pakistanis can be aligned with our interests. i am curious about your assessment of that. do you think that is correct? could it actually occur? and what are the strategic interests of the pakistanis as it relates to afghanistan? duane: probably their biggest concern from a security standpoint is india. india is, in fact their number , one security concern. and afghanistan is seen as a buffer state, if you will, and they don't want indians to have a lot of influence in afghanistan, that is why president trump mentioned in his speech the other day, chastising the pakistanis, and then saying welcome to the idea of indians investing more in afghanistan. that should

the british empire late to the soviet union and now the united states which are the major empires in your asian continent they were not capable of controlling this country because it's a very complicated matter and. these empires have waged wars by proxy one against the other afghani fairly fairly so this makes it complicated for any power to control it or certainly perhaps no surprise to some that afghanistan is known as the graveyard of empires now according to the latest u.n. report the civilian death toll from air strikes in afghanistan has actually risen by fifty two percent this year do you think the afghan government and coalition forces are doing enough to try and avoid casualties. i don't believe so and i don't believe the coalition led by the united states cares much about civilian casualties we've seen this in iraq we've seen this also in syria and know enough to understand. because. the united states is so desperate to control the country it has been intruding heavy losses and it's trying to avoid. military losses. life losses among soldiers that's why they are relying mu

empire. for fogger saves the brits, the pontiff stops islam. jutland preserves the britishfleet in world war i. midway is the resurgence for america. these maritime battles matter and we need to understand their impact on the oceans. i will wrap up and i would love to take a couple questions or comments. i talked a lot about the oceans, you will also find a very personal story of my time at sea. many years at sea. the seas can be terrible and challenging, things go wrong and over the last 60 days we have seen two u.s. navy destroyer's in terrible collisions, 17 sailors, to put that in perspective, tragically, we lost in afghanistan this year 11 soldiers. in the last couple months we have lost 17 of our finest sailors at sea. the oceans will challenge us and that is part of the power as well but i will say this. i loved being a sailor. i loved my time on the ocean, the ultimate office with a view. i hope you take time to dip into "sea power: the history and geopolitics of the world's oceans" and learn about the history, geopolitics and what it is like to sail these oceans. t

is the commander of the most excellent order of the british empire so he was awarded you know it's not a knighthood but it's just below a knighthood which is i think o.b.e. so what do you think about the fact that you know the british monarchy is granting out all sorts of knighthoods and honors to the likes of harvey weinstein before him there was jimmy savile so what do you think of it as well the. titles are handed out by the monarchy to keep the monarchy of the aristocracy in business so i mean this is part of the problem when you have folks in positions of unelected how are dictating social norms so here they have legitimized celebs rapist offering him an official title now should they pull that title back well they get rid of jimmy savile's knighthood i'm not sure if they got rid of it pos. but i thought it was really interesting because the harvey weinstein story is ongoing we have the district attorney in new york and by the way you know you will hear we are in a city so you'll hear sirens going by arrests for ordinary joe bag and donuts you won't hear any arrests going on for t