our chief financial officer who wavice chairman of the company for a long time after that, julian brodsky, was ve eative financi with myad. so they tried limited partnerships, master limited partnerships, separate public subsidiaries. insurance companies made fixed loans that had never been done. euro converts. so they tried many different pools of capital. eventually, when wwent public, my dad had the foresight to know that if we were going to achieve the long-term goal, we needetoto issue more s. and so we had two classes of stock, and that allowe us to think for ng term. and we've ised billions of dollars of stock in allition to billions of s of debt. david: so in 1972, had bought your stock, what would i be-- brian: if you had bought 1,000 shares, it came public at 7, went down to $.25, i think, at the all-time low, that is another story, you would have over $11 million today, and 18% plus compounded return for 45 years. if you put the same $7,000 in the s&p 500, you would have just over half a million, with about a 10% rurn. david: that's not bad. brian: not bad. david: ok, so when y