>> a., brody, where are you? >> , tomorrow. you know, i don't think it's all bad. my view is polarization has some very positive consequences. it gives voters clear choices. we have a much better idea as opposed to 40 or 50 years ago when we had these conservative democrats and moderate liberal republicans and party lines weren't as clear, now we have a better idea what the choices are. and the result is actually that it's rather than turning off people, it's energizing the electorate. we have higher turnouts. we have not only higher turnouts but more people participating in other ways, more people talk about politics, more people making phone calls. so in some ways it's really beneficial. i think there's some problems translating that into policy outcomes that have to do with the fact there are institutions were not designed to accommodate, you know, this type of ideological politics. that we have today. but i do think there are some positive things that come from a. >> very quickly on that. and say there's an election in november 2008 that had a very strong resul